Vortbuce Avendoniano, Esgava Seconda

a					prep.	to, toward					Lat. ad
a					n. f	river						PG. *ahwō
abere				v.		to have, to possess			PG. *habjaną				influenced by Lat. habeō
abere afolgo		n. m.	to succeed					see constituent parts
acarno				n. m.	acorn						PG. *akraną
ace					n. m.	hook						PG. *hakô
acro				n. m.	field, farmland				PG. *akraz
acumare				v.		to obtain, to receive		PG. *bikwemaną				also "to be enjoyable" p. acam-
acusa				n. f.	axe							PG. *akwisī
adalarne			n. m.	eagle						PG. *aþalaz + *arô
adalo				adj.	noble						PG. *aþalaz
adalsteno			n. m.	gem, precious stone			adalo + steno
adecere				v.		to cover					PG. *biþakjaną
adeceto				adj.	covered, overcast			ptcp. of adecere
adencere			v.		to bethink, to consider		PG. *biþankijaną
admere				v.		to breathe					from admo
admo				n. m.	breath, breathing			PG. *ēþmaz
adragare			v.		to amount to, to be			a- + dragare				"to behave" (reflexive) p. adrug-
adrigare			v.		to deceive, to cheat (on)	PG. *bidreuganą				p. adrog-
adringare			v.		to beset					a- + dringare				p. adrang-
aendere				v.		to end, to terminate		a- + endere
afalare				v.		to please, to appeal		a- + falare					p. afil-
afolgere			v.		to happen, to ensue			a- + folgere
afolgo				n. m.	success, result				from afolgere
afriiere			v.		to free, to liberate		a- + friio + -ere
afugere				v.		to add						a- + fugere
afugico				n. m.	adjective					a- + fugere + -ico
agastra				n. f.	magpie						PG. *agalistrijǭ
agatusa				n. f.	witch, sorceress			PG. *hagatusjǭ				also agatuse (m)
agevare				v.		to admit, to confess		a- + gevare					p. agav-
aglavero			n. m.	shotgun						aglo + avero
aglo				n. m.	hail (weather)				PG. *haglaz
agrabare			v.		to bury						PG. *bigrabaną				p. agrub-
agripare			v.		to comprehend				PG. *bigrīpaną				intellectually
aie					n. m.	shark						Du. haai
alacere				v.		to laugh at					a- + lacere
alacico				adj.	ridiculous, laughable		alacere + -ico
albatrose			n. m.	albatross					En. albatross
alcole				n. m.	alcohol						Lat. alcohol
aldare				v.		to hold, to keep			PG. *haldaną				p. ild-
alere				v.		to fetch, to get			PG. *halōną
alicavite			n. m.	balance						alico + avite
alicavitico			adj.	balanced					alicavite + -ico
alico				adj.	alike, similar				PG. *galīkaz
alina				n. f.	ulna, yard (unit)			PG. *alinō					through VL *alina
alivare				v.		to remain, to stay			PG. *bilībaną
almo				n. m.	stalk, stem, straw			PG. *halmaz
alo					n. m.	eel							PG. *ēlaz
alove				n. m.	belief						PG. *galaubô
alovere				v.		to believe					PG. *galaubijaną
alsere				v.		to hug, to embrace			from also
also				n. m.	neck, throat				PG. *halsaz
alto				adj.	old							PG. *aldaz
altrere				v.		to change					altro + -ere
altro				adj.	other						Lat. alter
amara				n. f.	ammer, yellowhammer			PG. *amazǭ
amaro				n. m.	hammer						PG. *hamaraz
amercere			v.		to notice, to remark		a- + mercere
ameta				n. f.	ant							PG. *ēmaitijǭ
amsla				n. f.	blackbird					PG. *amslǭ
anaconda			n. f.	anaconda					En. anaconda
ancelo				n. m.	ankle						PG. *ankalaz
andlere				v.		to act, trade, do business	PG. *handlōną
andlitio			n. f.	trade, business				andlere + -tio
anedrece			n. m.	drake						PG. *anudrekô
anemare				v.		to take away, to deprive	a + nemare					p. anam-
anemato				adj.	numb						participle of anemare
anepe				n. m.	hemp, cannabis				PG. *hanapiz
anesare				v.		to recover, to heal			PG. *ganesaną				p. anas-
anesatio			n. f.	recovery, recuperation		anesare + -tio
angere				v.		to hang						PG. *hangijaną, *hanhaną	transitive and intransitive
anguste				n. f.	fear, anxiety, angst		PG. *angustiz
angusticere			v.		to frighten, to terrify		anguste + -ico + -ere
anitare				v.		to enjoy					PG. *ganeutaną				p. anot-
anodicere			v.		to need, to require			a- + nodico + -ere
antavero			n. m.	pistol, handgun				anto + avero
antbalolsprava		n. f.	submachine gun				anto + balolsprava
ante				adv.	before						Lat. ante
antlanca			n. f.	wrist						anto + lanca
anto				n. f.	hand						PG. *handuz					u-stem
antsco				n. m.	glove						anto + sco
anugare				v.		to suffice					PG. *ganuganą
anugo				adj.	enough, sufficient			PG. *ganōgaz
anute				n. f.	abundance					PG. *ganuhtiz
apalsina			n. f.	orange (fruit)				aplo + Sina					Sina meaning "China"
ape					n. m.	ape, monkey					PG. *apô
aperedo				n. m.	hippopotamus				a + peredo					lit. "river-horse"
aplo				n. m.	apple, fruit				PG. *aplaz
apo					prep.	by, at						Lat. apud
apospelo			n. m.	proverb, example			apo + spelo
apovortico			adj.	adverbial					apovorto + -ico
apovorto			n. m.	adverb						apo + vorto
aprile				n. m.	April						Lat. Aprīlis
arbetarilaga		n. f.	working class				arbetario + laga
arbetario			n. m.	worker, labourer			arbete + -ario
arbete				n. m.	work, labour, toil			PG. *arbaidiz
arbetere			v.		to work, to labour, to toil	PG. *arbaidijaną
arde				n. f.	nature, character, type		PG. *ardiz
arecere				v.		to get to, to reach			a- + recere
aredo				adj.	ready, prepared				PG. *raidaz
argo				adj.	bad, awful, indecent		PG. *argaz
aritere				v.		to correct, to amend		PG. *garihtijaną
aritio				n. m.	justice, court of law		PG. *garihtiją
arito				n. m.	reform, amendment			from aritere
arivare				v.		to regret					a- + rivare					p. aruv-
armo				adj.	poor, pitiable				PG. *armaz
armo				n. m.	arm (anatomy)				PG. *armaz
aro					n. m.	hair						PG. *hērą
arobere				v.		to bereave, to deprive		PG. *biraubōną
arto				adj.	hard						PG. *harduz					declines like u-stem
artvaldo			n. m.	tyrrany						arto + valdo
arurere				v.		to touch					a- + rurere
aruvicere			v.		to calm, to pacify			a- + ruvico + -ere
asafticere			v.		to appease, placate, soothe	a- + saftio + -ico + -ere
asalo				n. m.	hazel						PG. *hasalaz
asca				n. f.	ash, ashes (from a fire)	PG. *askǭ
ascafte				n. f.	creation, institution		PG. *gaskaftiz
asco				n. m.	ash (tree)					PG. *askaz
ascovere			v.		to consider, to regard		a- + scovere
ase					n. m.	hare, rabbit				PG. *hasô
asefere				v.		to realise, to notice		PG. *sabjaną
asetere				v.		to beset, to occupy			PG. *bisatjaną
asitere				v.		to sit down, to recline		PG. *gasitjaną				p. asat-
asla				n. f.	armpit, shoulder			PG. *ahslō
aslato				n. m.	gender, sex					cognate with Du. geslacht
aspa				n. f. 	aspen						PG. *aspǭ
asprecare			v.		to discuss					PG. *bisprekaną				p. asprac-
astare				v.		to consist, to exist		PG. *bistāną				p. astud-
astatico			adj.	consistent, constant		astare + -ico
astelere			v.		to deliver					a + stelere
aso					n. m.	carrion, bait				PG. *ēsą					see also curdro
asorgere			v.		to cause concern			a- + sorgere
asorgita			n. f.	concern, worry, anxiety		asorgere + -ita
astemere			v.		to agree, to determine		a- + stemere
astemeto			adj.	definite, certain			ptcp. of astemere
asucere				v.		to visit					a- + sucere
ata					n. f.	attention, regard			PG. *ahtō
atere				v.		to esteem, to respect		ata + -ere
ate					n. m.	papa, dad					PG. *attô
atina				n. f.	hate, hatred				PG. *hataz					through VL. *hatina
atinere				v.		to hate						PG. *hatōną					infl. by atina
avaldere			v.		to forest					a- + valdo + -ere
avaldeto			adj.	forested, wooded			ptcp. of avaldere
avande				n. m.	evening						PG. *ēbanþs
avandmalo			n. m.	supper, dinner				avande + malo
avenere				v.		to get used to				a + venere
avero				n. m.	rifle						cognate with verere
avite				n. m.	weight						PG. *gawihtiz
avna				n. f.	haven, harbour, port		PG. *habnō
avolcere			v.		to cloud					a- + volca + -ere
avolceto			adj.	cloudy						ptcp. of avolcere
avre				n. m.	oat							PG. *habrô
avuco				n. m.	hawk						PG. *habukaz
bace				n. f.	brook, stream				PG. *bakiz
balge				n. m.	bellows						PG. *balgiz
balo				n. m.	ball, sphere				PG. *ballaz
balolo				n. m.	bullet						dim. of balo
balolsprava			n. f.	machine gun					bololo+sprava
bana				n. f.	road, route, way, lane		PG. *banō
banare				v.		to drive off, to ban		PG. *bannaną
bance				n. m.	bench, bank (finance)		PG. *bankiz
barco				n. m.	bark (of a tree)			PG. *barkuz					u-stem
barso				n. m.	perch (fish)				PG. *barsaz
barto				n. m.	beard						PG. *bardaz
bevro				n. m.	beaver						PG. *bebruz					u-stem
bedi				det.	both						PG. *bai-
bedio				n. m.	bed							PG. *badją
bela				n. f.	bell						PG. *bellǭ
beno				n. m.	bone						PG. *bainą
bere				n. m.	bear						PG. *berô
bergare				v.		to shelter, to save			PG. *berganą				p. barg-
bergo				n. m.	mountain					PG. *bergaz
bia					n. f.	bee							PG. *bijō
bialo				n. m.	hatchet						cognate w/ OHG/OS bīhal
bidare				v.		to wait, to bide			PG. *bīdaną
bidere				v.		to bid, to request			PG. *bidjaną
bilidio				n. m.	image, likeness				PG. *biliþją
bindare				v.		to bind, to tie				PG. *bindaną				p. band-
birca				n. f.	birch						PG. *birkijǭ
biro				n. m.	beer						PG. *beuzą
bitare				v.		to bite						PG. *bītaną
bite				n. m.	bite						PG. *bitiz
bitolo				adv/det	(a) bit, (a) little			from bitolo					w/ uno; for "a bit of", add de after
bitolo				n. m.	bit							diminutive of bite
bitro				adj.	bitter						PG. *bitraz
blacfisco			n. m.	squid, octopus				blaco + fisco
blaco				n. m.	ink							PG. *blakaz
blaiare				v.		to flutter in the wind		PG. *blēaną					p. blii-
blasa				n. f.	bladder						cognate w/ OHG blāsa, MD blase
blasare				v.		to blow						PG. *blēsaną
blato				n. m.	leaf, sheet, blade			PG. *bladą
blatolo				n. m.	ticket						diminutive of blato
blavo				adj.	blue						PG. *blēwaz					part. through VL blāvus
bleco				adj.	pale, pallid, colourless	PG. *blaikaz
blicisne			n. m.	lightning					cognate w/ OD blikisni, OS bliksmo
blide				adj.	happy, glad, friendly		PG. *blīþiz					declines like e-stem
blio				n. m.	lead (metal)				PG. *blīwą
blinto				adj.	blind						PG. *blindaz
blivare				v.		to beat (up)				PG. *blewwaną				p. bluv-
bludere				v.		to bleed					PG. *blōþijaną
bluiare				v.		to bloom, flower, flourish	PG. *blōaną
blume				n. m.	flower						PG. *blōmô
bluto				n. m.	blood						PG. *blōþą
blutroto			adj.	blood-red					PG. *blōþaraudaz
bodmo				n. m.	bottom, ground, soil		PG. *butmaz
boge				n. m.	bow							PG. *bugô
bolstro				n. m.	cushion, pillow				PG. *bulstraz
bomo				n. m.	tree, beam (like of wood)	PG. *baumaz
bona				n. f.	bean						PG. *baunō
bordo				n. m.	board, plank, shelf			PG. *burdą
borgere				v.		to borrow					PG. *burgōną
bratdiro			n. m.	prey						brate + diro
brate				n. m.	meat, muscle				PG. *brēdô
brava				n. f.	brow, eyebrow				PG. *brēwō
brecare				v.		to break					PG. *brekaną				p. brac-
bredo				n. m.	board, plank, table			PG. *bredą
brenere				v.		to burn (transitive)		PG. *brannijaną
brestare			v.		to burst, to split			PG. *brestaną				p. brast-
brinare				v.		to burn, to be on fire		PG. *brinnaną				p. bran-
bringare			v.		to bring					PG. *bringaną
brivare				v.		to brew						PG. *brewwaną				p. brov-
brodo				n. m.	broth						PG. *bruþą
broto				n. m.	bread						PG. *braudą
brucare				v.		to use, to make use of		PG. *brūkaną
bucbuda				n. f.	bookshop					buca + buda
bruce				n. f.	pants, trousers				PG. *brōks
brudre				n. m.	brother						PG. *brōþēr
brune				n. m.	well, source				PG. *brunnô
brunia				n. f.	armour						PG. *brunjō
bruno				adj.	brown						PG. *brūnaz
bruste				n. f.	breast, chest				PG. *brusts
buare				v.		to build, to construct		PG. *būaną
buca				n. f.	beech						PG. *bōkijǭ, *bōkō
bucaria				n. f.	library						buce + -aria
buce				n. m.	book						PG. *bōks
buco				n. m.	belly, abdomen				PG. *būkaz
buda				n. f.	booth, stall, shop			PG. *bōþō
bugare				v.		to bow						PG. *būganą
bule				n. m.	bull						PG. *bulô					see also stiro
busmo				n. m.	bosom, chest				PG. *bōsmaz
buso				n. f.	box, container				PG. *buhsuz					u-stem
buta				n. f.	penance, fine				PG. *bōtō
butera				n. f.	butter						PG. *buterǭ
ca					adv.	how, as						Lat. quam
cacto				n. m.	cactus						Lat. cactus					later borrowing
calfo				n. m.	calf						PG. *kalbaz
calo				adj.	bald						PG. *kalwaz
calto				adj.	cold						PG. *kaldaz
cana				n. f.	jug, pot, can				PG. *kannǭ
canale				n. m.	canal, channel				Lat. canalis				later borrowing
cara				n. f.	grief, sorrow, concern		PG. *karō
cardenale			n. m.	cardinal					Lat. cardinālis
casio				n. m.	cheese						PG. *kāsijaz
catena				n. f.	chain						Lat. catēna					doublet with cetina
catenbrunia			n. f.	mail (armour)				catena + brunia
ce					pron.	what, which					Lat. quid
ceflo				n. m.	jaw							PG. *keflaz
ce iomere			det.	whatever					ce + iomere
cela				n. f.	throat						PG. *kelǭ
Celo				n. m.	Heaven						Lat. caelum					in the Christian sense
cenere				v.		to be acquainted with		PG. *kannijaną
cerca				prep.	around, near				Lat. circā
cercaarmere			v.		to embrace, to hug			cerca- + armo + -ere
cercastantita		n. f.	circumstance				cerca- + stanti + ita
cerere				v.		to turn, to sweep			PG. *karzijaną
cerva				n. f.	score, notch				PG. *kerbǭ					related to PG. *kurbiz
cervare				v.		to carve, to cut			PG. *kerbaną				p. carv-
cervdiro			n. m.	insect, bug					cerva + diro
cetina				n. f.	shackle, fetter				Lat. catēna					doublet with catena
cevre				n. m.	beetle						PG. *kebrô
checiupe			n. m.	ketchup						English loanword
ci					pron.	who							Lat. quis
cicare				v.		to look, to watch, to peep	PG. *kīkaną
cice				det.	each, every					Lat. quisque
cice altro			adj.	every second, every other	see constituent parts
cime				n. m.	sprout, germ				PG. *kīmô
cinare				v.		to sprout					PG. *kīnaną
cindo				n. m.	child						PG. *kinþą
cino				n. f.	chin						PG. *kinnuz					u-stem
cirsa				n. f.	cherry						PG. *kirisjǭ
cisare				v.		to choose, to elect			PG. *keusaną				p. cos-
clagere				v.		to complain					PG. *klagōną
clango				n. m.	sound, tone					related to clingare			also "reputation"
clapo				n. m.	blow, shock, bang			derived from PG. *klappōną
clava				n. f.	claw						PG. *klawō
cledere				v.		to clothe					PG. *klaiþōną
cleditio			n. f.	clothing, garment			cledere + -tio
cledo				n. m.	dress						PG. *klaiþą
clene				adj.	small, fine					PG. *klainiz
clinga				n. f.	blade, edge					from clingare
clingare			v.		to sound					PG. *klinganą				p. clang-
clivare				v.		to cleave, to cut			PG. *kleubaną				p. clov-
clovloco			n. m.	garlic						PG. *klubô? +loco			lit. "clove-leek"; see clivare
co					con.	with						Lat. cum
cocere				v.		to cook						PG. *kukōną
cocorvita			n. f.	gourd						Lat. cucurbita				doublet with curvita
codelere			v.		to communicate, inform		co- + delere
codencere			v.		remember, commemorate		co- + dencere
comene				adj.	common, mutual, general		PG. *gamainiz				declines like e-stem noun
comenismo			n. m.	communism					comene + -ismo
comenista			n. f.	communist					comene + -ista				can also be masculine
comenistico			adj.	communist					comenista + -ico
contra				prep.	against						Lat. contrā
contrario			adj.	contrary, opposite			contra- + -ario
contrasetere		v.		to oppose, to counter		contra- + setere
contraspeclere		v.		to reflect					contra- + speclere
contravardita		n. f.	the present					contravardo + -ita
contravardo			adj.	present, current			contra- + -vardo
contravortere		v.		to answer, to respond		contravorto + -ere
contravorto			n. m.	answer						contra- + vorto
copo				n. m.	crown of the head			PG. *kuppaz
copro				n. m.	copper						PG. *kuprą
corno				n. m.	grain, cereal, corn			PG. *kurną
cosele				n. m.	companion, associate		PG. *gasalijô				also cosela (f.)
coselicismo			n. m.	socialism					coselico + -ismo
coselicista			n. f.	socialist					coselico + -ista			can also be masculine
coselicistico		adj.	socialist					coselicista + -ico
coselico			adj.	social						cosele + -ico
coselita			n. f.	society						cosele + -ita
coso				n. m.	kiss						PG. *kussaz
costare				v.		to cost						Lat. constō
costere				v.		to taste					PG. *kustōną
costo				n. m.	cost						from costare
crabe				n. m.	crab						PG. *krabbô
crafte				n. f.	strength, power, force		PG. *kraftiz
craia				n. f.	crow						PG. *krēǭ
crane				n. m.	crane, tap, faucet			PG. *kranô					both bird and machine
crevito				n. m.	crustacean					PG. *krabitaz
crigo				n. m.	war							PG. *krīgaz
cripare				v.		to creep					PG. *kreupaną				p. crop-
cripdiro			v.		reptile						cripare + diro
cristianita			n. f.	Christianity				Lat. Christiānitās
cristiano			adj.	Christian					Lat. Christiānus
Cristmesa			n. f.	Christmas					Cristo + mesa
Cristo				n. m.	Christ						Lat. Christus
crocefiso			n. m.	crucifix					Lat. crucefixus
crocodilo			n. m.	crocodile					Lat. crocodīlus
crose				n. f.	cross						Lat. crux
crupilo				n. m.	cripple						PG. *krupilaz
cucina				n. f.	kitchen						PWG. *kukinā
cuco				n. m.	cuckoo						onomatopœic					u-stem
cue					n. f.	cow							PG. *kūz
culo				adj.	cool						PG. *kōlaz
cumare				v.		to come						PG. *kwemaną				also as in "come to be", p. cam-
cume				adv.	barely, hardly				PG. *kūma-
cunare				v.		to be able to, can			PG. *kunnaną
cunio				n. m.	family, kin					PG. *kunją
cunste				n. f.	art							PG. *kunstiz
curdrere			v.		to bait						curdro + -ere
curdro				n. m.	bait						OHG. querdar
cure				n. f.	choice						PG. *kuziz
curto				adj.	short						PG. *kurtaz
curvita				n. f.	pumpkin						Lat. cucurbita				doublet with cocorvita
cusere				v.		to kiss						PG. *kussijaną
cusino				n. m.	cushion,					Old French cussin			uncommon except in compounds
cvala				n. f.	torment, agony				PG. *kwalō
daco				n. m.	roof						PG. *þaką
dagico				adj.	daily, diurnal				dago + -ico
dago				n. m.	day							PG. *dagaz
dalo				n. m.	valley, dale				PG. *dalą
dancere				v.		to thank					PG. *þankōną
danco				n. m.	gratitude, thanks			PG. *þankaz					plural for the interjection
darmo				n. m.	intestine					PG. *þarmaz
daso				n. m.	badger						PG. *þahsuz					u-stem
dava				n. f.	jackdaw						PG. *dēhǭ
de					pr.		of, from					Lat. dē
deangere			v.		to depend (on)				de- + angere
deangicita			n. f.	dependence					deangico + -ita
deangico			adj.	dependent					deangere + -ico
dece				n. f.	blanket, cover				from decere
decembre			n. m.	December					Lat. december
decere				v.		to thatch, to cover			PG. *þakjaną
defalare			v.		to fall off					de- + falare				p. defil-
defalo				n. m.	waste, rubbish				from defalare
deftico				adj.	suitable, presentable		PG. *daftuz
dele				n. m.	part, share, portion, deal	PG. *dailiz
delere				v.		to divide, to share			PG. *dailijaną
delinere			v.		to decline, to reject		de + linere
delvare				v.		to dig, to excavate			PG. *delbaną				p. dalv-
demone				n. m.	demon						Lat. daemōn
dempere				v.		to dampen, to mute			PG. *dampijaną
dencere				v.		to think					PG. *þankijaną
denemanti			adj.	decreasing, waning			gerund of denemare
denemare			v.		to decrease, diminish		PG. *abanemaną				p. denam-
Deo					n. m.	God							Lat. Deus					alt. to w/ Goto
desbrecare			v.		to break apart, break down	PG. twizbrekaną				p. desbrac-
desdecere			v.		to discover					des- + decere
deslucere			v.		to fail						des- + lucere
desslare			v.		to smash, to shatter		des- + slare				p. desslug-
desulere			v.		to unveil, to uncover		des- + ulere
detala				n. f.	fee, charge, toll			de- + tala
detro				adv.	back, behind				Lat. dē + retrō
diavlo				n. m.	devil						Lat. diabolus
didere				v.		to point out, to interpret	PG. *þiudijaną
diio				n. m.	thigh						PG. *þeuhą
diro				n. m.	animal, beast				PG. *deuzą
dipo				adj.	deep						PG. *deupaz
disco				n. m.	plate, dish					PG. *diskuz					u-stem
ditare				v.		to compose (poetry)			Lat. dictō
ditatore			n. m.	poet						ditare + -tore				also ditatrice (f.)
ditcunste			n. f.	poetry						ditare + cunste
dito				n. m.	poem						from ditare
doctor				n. m/f.	doctor						Lat. doctor					later borrowing; title
dodere				v.		to kill						PG. *daudijaną
dodo				n. m.	death						PG. *dauþuz					u-stem
dodovito			n. m.	skull (symbol of death)		dodo + ovito
dofo				adj.	deaf						PG. *daubaz
dolitico			adj.	crepuscular					dolito + -ico
dolito				n. m.	twilight					do + lito
domenico			n. m.	Sunday						Lat. (diēs) Dominica
Domeno				n. m.	Lord (Christian)			Lat. Dominus				oft. w/ def. art.
donarsdago			n. m.	Thursday					PG. *Þunras dagaz
donro				n. m.	thunder						PG. *þunraz
dosena				n. f.	dozen						Fr. douzaine				later borrowing
dosere				v.		to doze, to nap				PG. *dusēną
doto				adj.	dead						PG. *daudaz
dotre				n. f.	daughter					PG. *duhtēr
drace				n. m.	dragon						PG. *drakô
dragare				v.		to draw, to pull			PG. *draganą				p. drug-
dragilo				n. m.	slave						PG. *þragilaz
draiere				v.		to turn, to rotate			PG. *þrēaną
drato				n. m.	thread, wire				PG. *þrēduz					u-stem
drincare			v.		to drink					PG. *drinkaną				p. dranc-
dringare			v.		to press, to push, to force	PG. *þrinhwaną				p. drang-
drivare				v.		to compel to go, to drive	PG. *drībaną
drivo				n. m.	drive						from drivare
drivverco			n. m.	engine, motor				drivo + verco
droge				adj.	dry							PG. *draugiz				declines like e-stem
dromere				v.		to dream					PG. *draumijaną
dromo				n. m.	dream						PG. *draumaz
drosca				n. f.	thrush						PG. *þrastuz, *þrustlō
drucere				v.		to press, to print			PG. *þrukjaną				also "to hug"
druncano			adj.	drunk, drunken				PG. *drunkanaz
drunce				n. m.	drink, draught				PG. *drunkiz
duco				n. m.	cloth, a cloth				PG. *dōkaz
duere				v.		to do						PG. *dōną					p. eo davi, tu davis, etc.
dulte				n. f.	patience					PG. *þuldiz
dultere				v.		to endure, to tolerate		PG. *þulijaną				under influence of dulte
dultico				adj.	patient						dulte + -ico
dume				n. m.	thumb						PG. *þūmô
dumbo				adj.	dumb, stupid				PG. *dumbaz
duncalita			n. f.	dark, darkness				duncalo + -ita
duncalo				adj.	dark						PG. *dunkalaz
durare				v.		to dare, to venture			PG. *durzaną
duro				adj.	dry, parched				PG. *þursuz					declines like u-stem
durstico			adj.	thirsty						dursto + -ico
dursto				n. m.	thirst						PG. *þurstuz				u-stem
durvare				v.		to need, to require			PG. *þurbaną
duva				n. f.	dove, pigeon				PG. *dūbǭ
e					con.	and							Lat. et
ecdago				adv.	today						eco + dago
ece					n. f.	oak							PG. *aiks
eclesia				n. f.	church						Lat. ecclēsia
ecorne				n. m.	squirrel					PG. *aikwernô
eftere				v.		to stitch, to embroider		OHG. heften
ega					n. f.	corner, edge				PG. agjō
eganita				n. f.	property					egano + -ita
eganardico			adj.	peculiar, eccentric			egano + arde + -ico
egano				adj.	own							PG. *aiganaz
egare				v.		to possess, to own			PG. *aiganą
egela				n. f.	leech						PG. *egalō
egidesa				n. f.	lizard						PG. *agiþahsijǭ
eie					n. m.	egg							PG. *ajją					from WG consonant stem variant *ajjaz
Ela					n. f.	hell, underworld			PG. *haljō					capitalised for disambig.
ela					n. f.	heel (of the foot)			PG. *hanhilaz
elagere				v.		to hallow, to sanctify		PG. *hailagōną
elago				adj.	holy, sacred				PG. *hailagaz
elando				n. m.	island						PG. *awjōlandą
elare				v.		to hide, to conceal			PG. *helaną					refl. for intr. p. al-
elco				n. m.	elk							PG. *elhaz, *algiz
ele					adj.	bright, light, clear		PG. *halliz
elere				v.		to heal (ergative)			PG. *hailijaną
elido				n. m.	hero						PG. *haliþaz				also f. elida
elinboge			n. m.	elbow						PG. *alinabugô
elmo				n. m.	helmet, helm				PG. *helmaz
elpa				n. f.	help, aid, assistance		PG. *helpō
elpando				n. m.	elephant					PG. *elpanduz				u-stem
elpare				v.		to help, to aid				PG. *helpaną				p. alp-
embrestare			v.		to implode					en- + brestare				p. embrast-
embrestatio			n. f.	implosion					embrestare + -tio
embilidere			v.		to delude					en- + bilidio + -ere		esp. w/ grandeur
embilideto			adj.	arrogant, pretentious		ptcp. of embilidere			esp. when baseless
emetere				v.		to house, to bring home		PG. *haimatjaną
emidio				n. m.	shirt						PG. *hamiþiją
emo					n. m.	home, hamlet				PG. *haimaz
en					pr.		in, into, on				Lat. in
encumare			v.		to arrive, to depend on		en- + cumare				latter w/ en, p. encam-
endere				v.		to end, to finish			PG. *andijōną
endicie				adv.	at last, finally			adv. of endico
endico				adj.	finite, limited				endio + -ico
endidere			v.		to imply, to insinuate		en- + didere
endiditio			n. f.	implication, insinuation	endidere + -tio
endio				n. m.	end							PG. *andijaz
endragare			v.		to enter, to record			en- + dragare				p. endrug-
endrago				n. m.	entry (in a record)			from endragare
enduere				v.		to turn on, to don			en- + duere
enede				n. f.	duck						PG. *anudz
enfrisare			v.		to freeze (transitive)		en- + frisare				p. enfros-
engilo				n. m.	angel						PG. *angiluz				u-stem
engisto				n. m.	stallion					PG. *hangistaz
engo				adj.	narrow, tight				PG. *anguz					declines like u-stem noun
enrupare			v.		to call (by phone, upon)	en- + rupare				p. enrip-
enrupo				n. m.	(phone) call				from enrupare
enstecare			v.		to light, set fire, infect	en- + stecare				p. enstac-
entecnere			v.		to write down, to note		en- + tecnere
entecnitio			v.		note						entecnere + -tio
enterse				adv.	to each other, together		Lat. inter se
entreverpare		v.		to interject				entre- + verpare
entreverpatio		n. f.	interjection				entreverpare + -tio
envego				adj.	away, gone					en + vego
envendere			v.		to apply					en- + vendere
envenditio			n. f.	appplication				envendere + -tio
era					n. f.	honour, respect, glory		PG. *aizō
erda				n. f.	earth, soil, ground			PG. *erþō					capitalised for planet
erdaplo				n. m.	potato						erda + aplo
ere					n. m.	metal, ore					PG. *aiz
erfurtita			n. f.	awe							era + furtita
erio				n. m.	army						PG. *harjaz
ernusto				n. m.	gravity, seriousness		PG. *ernustuz				u-stem
ernusto				adj.	serious, earnest			from ernusto
ero					n. m.	lord, master, Mr.			PG. *hairaz
erte				n. m.	heart						PG. *hertô
ertslage			n. m.	heartbeat					erte + slage
ertsmerto			n. m.	heartache					erte + smerto
erve				n. m.	heir						PG. *arbijô
ervio				n. m.	heritage, inheritance		PG. *arbiją
ervisto				n. m.	autumn, fall				PG. *harbistaz
esbrestare			v.		to explode					es- + brestare				p. esbrast-
esbrestatio			n. f.	explosion					esbrestare + -tio
escicare			v.		to look out					es- + cicare
esde				adv.	out from					Lat. dēex
esgava				n. f.	edition, output				es- + gava
esilo				n. m.	donkey						PG. *asiluz					u-stem
esmacere			v.		to matter					es- + macere
estiare				v.		to take off, to pull out	es- + tiare					p. estog-
esspraca			n. f.	phrase						from essprecare
essprecare			v.		to pronounce, to utter		es- + sprecare				p. essprac-
estre				adv.	outside						Lat. exter
esulere				v.		to unwrap					es- + ulere
eta					con.	so							Lat. ita
etare				v.		to eat						PG. *etaną					p. at-
etere				v.		to pursue, to chase			PG. *hatjaną
etia				adv.	too, also, as well			Lat. etiam
etmuto				n. m.	mania						eto + muto
eto					adj.	hot							PG. *haitaz
etro				n. m.	poison, venom				PG. *aitrą
evanita				n. f.	plain, plane				evno + -ita
evere				v.		to lift, to raise, to heave	PG. *habjaną				p. uv-
evno				adj.	even, level					PG. ebnaz
facla				n. f.	torch						Lat. facula
fada				n. f.	paternal aunt				PG. *faþō
fadre				n. m.	father						PG. *fadēr
fagro				adj.	beautiful, fair				PG. *fagraz
falare				v.		to fall						PG. *fallaną				p. fil-
falbialo			n. m.	guillotine					falare + bialo
falcone				n. m.	falcon						PG. *falkô					through Lat. falcō
faldare				v.		to fold						PG. *falþaną
faldistulo			n. m.	folding chair				PG. *faldistōlaz
fane				n. m.	flag						PG. *fanô
fange				n. m.	cature, plunder, booty		PG. *fangiz
fara				n. f.	danger						PG. *fērō
farare				v.		to fare, to go (by vehicle)	PG. *faraną
farblatolo			n. m.	transportation ticket		farare + blatolo
farde				n. f.	journey, trip, ride			PG. *fardiz
fare				v.		to sieze, to capture		PG. *fanhaną
fartigo				n. m.	vehicle						farare + tigo
farva				n. f.	colour						PG. *farwō
fato				n. m.	vessel, container			PG. *fatą
februario			n. m.	February					Lat. februārius
federe				n. m.	paternal uncle				PG. *fadurjô
fedra				n. f.	feather						PG. *feþrō
feldo				n. m.	field						PG. *felþą
feliso				n. m.	rock, cliff					PG. *falisaz
fenio				n. m.	fen, marsh, swamp			PG. *fanją
fera				n. f.	ferry						PG. *farjǭ
fere				adj.	far, distant				PG. *ferrai					from WG variant *ferrô
ferere				v.		to take somewhere, to carry	PG. *farjaną
feria				n. f.	holiday						Lat. fēria					doublet with fira
feriare				v.		to observe a holiday		Lat. fērior					doublet with firere
ferior				adv.	further, on					comparative of fere
feriorgare			v.		to move on					feriore + gare
fetare				v.		to fight (intransitive)		PG. *fehtaną				p. fot-
feto				adj.	fat							PG. *fatidaz
feto				n. m.	fat							from feto
feto				n. m.	fight, battle				from fetare
fiande				n. m.	enemy						PG. *fijandz				can also be feminine
fiandico			adj.	hostile, enemy				fiande + -ico
fidula				n. f.	fiddle, violin				cognate w/ OE fiþele, OHG fidula
fifaltra			n. f.	butterfly					PG. *fifaldǭ
fiiismo				n. m.	capitalism					fio + -ismo
fiiista				n. f.	capitalist					fio + -ista					can also be masculine
fiiistico			adj.	capitalist					fiiista + -ico
fillitie			adv.	maybe, perhaps				from filo + lito
filo				adj.	much, a lot					PG. *felu					declines like u-stem
fince				n. m.	finch						PG. *finkô, *finkiz
findare				v.		to find						PG. *finþaną				p. fand-
fingro				n. m.	finger						PG. *fingraz
fio					n. m.	cattle, property			PG. *fehu					also "capital"
fira				n. f.	celebration, party			Lat. fēria					doublet with feria
firere				v.		to celebrate				Lat. fērior					doublet with feriare
firico				adj.	festive						fira + -ico
fiscace				n. m.	fishhook					fisco + ace
fiscario			n. m.	fisher, fisherman			PG. *fiskārijaz				also fiscaria (f)
fiscere				v.		to fish						PG. *fiskōną
fisco				n. m.	fish						PG. *fiskaz
flaco				adj.	flat						PG. *flakaz
flesco				n. m.	flesh, meat					PG. *flaiską
fliiare				v.		to flee						PG. *fleuhaną				p. flov-
fliga				n. f.	fly							PG. *fleugǭ
fligare				v.		to fly						PG. *fleuganą				p. flog-
flo					n. m.	flea						PG. *flauhaz
fluge				n. m.	flight, flying				PG. *flugiz
flugilmuse			n. f.	bat (animal)				flugilo + muse
flugilo				n. m.	wing						PG. *flugilaz
flugtigo			n. m.	aeroplane					fluge + tigo
fluiare				v.		to flow						PG. *flōaną					p. flii-
fluro				n. m.	floor						PG. *flōraz
flute				n. f.	flight						PG. *fluhtiz				from both "fly" and "flee"
foglo				n. m.	bird						PG. *fuglaz
folcicismo			n. m.	nationalism					folcico + -ismo
folcicista			n. f.	nationalist					folcico + -ista				can also be masculine
folcicistico		adj.	nationalist					folcicista + -ico
folcico				adj.	national, ethnic			folco + -ico
folco				n. m.	folk, people, nation		PG. *fulką
folcvaldo			n. m.	democracy					folco + valdo
folga				n. f.	sequence, order				OHG folga
folgere				v.		to follow					PG. *fulgijaną
forde				adv.	forth, forward, on			PG. *furþa
fordsetere			v.		to continue					forde + setere
fordsetitio			n. f.	continuation				fordsetere + tio
forma				n. f.	form (grammar)				Lat. forma
forscere			v.		to research, to examine		PG. *furskōną
fraga				n. f.	question					cognate w/ OHG. fraga, MD. vrage
fragere				v. 		to ask, to inquire			PG. *frēgōną
fremere				v.		to accomplish, to complete	PG. *framjaną
fremide				adj.	foreign, strange, weird		PG. *framaþiz				declines like e-stem noun
friadago			n. m.	Friday						PG. *Frijjōz dagaz
frido				n. m.	peace, sanctuary			PG. *friþuz					u-stem, see also VL. fridū
friiere				v.		to be a couple				PG. *frijōną				imperfect stem frig-
friiita				n. f.	freedom, liberty			friio + -ita
friio				adj.	free, unrestricted			PG. *frijaz
frinde				n. m.	friend						PG. *frijōndz				can also be feminine
frindico			adj.	friendly					frinde + -ico
frindola			n. f.	girlfriend, lover			f. dim. of frinde			see also liva
frindolo			n. m.	boyfriend, lover			m. dim. of frinde			see also livo
frisare				v.		to freeze					PG. *freusaną				p. fros-
friste				n. m.	term, period, deadline		PG. *fristiz
frovo				adj.	cheerful, merry				PG. *frawaz
frosco				n. m.	frog						PG. *fruskaz
frosto				n. m.	frost						PG. *frustaz
frovida				n. f.	joy, happiness				PG. *frawiþō
frume				adj.	devout, pious				PG. *frumô
fruta				n. f.	fruit (botanical)			Lat. frūctus
fruva				n. f.	woman, wife, Mrs.			PG. *frawjǭ
fugere				v.		to join together			PG. *fōgijaną
fugvorto			n. m.	conjunction					fugere + vorto
fuire				n. m.	fire						PG. *fōr
fule				n. m.	feeling						from fulere
fulendere			v.		to complete, to consummate	fulo + endere
fulentitio			n. f.	completion, consummation	fulendere + -tio
fulere				v.		to feel						PG. *fōlijaną				touch and emotion
fulere				v.		to fill, to make full		PG. *fullijaną
fulfremere			v.		to perfect					fulo + fremere
fulfremeto			adj.	perfect						ptcp. of fulfremere
fulmane				n. m.	full moon					fulo + mane
fulo				adj.	full						PG. *fullaz
fura				n. f.	fir, pine					PG. *furhō
furce				n. m.	pitchfork					PG. *furkô
furdo				n. m.	ford						PG. *furduz					u-stem
furere				v.		to lead						PG. *fōrijaną
furtere				v.		to fear, to be afraid		PG. *furhtijaną
furtita				n. f.	fright, fear, dread			furtere + -ita
fuso				n. m.	fox							PG. *fuhsaz
fuste				n. f.	fist						PG. *funstiz
fute				n. m.	foot						PG. *fōts
futere				v.		to moisten					PG. *funhtijaną
futo				adj.	wet, damp, humid			PG. *funhtijaz
gaio				n. m.	jay							Frk. *gāhi
ganse				n. m.	goose						PG. *gans
ganso				adj.	entire, complete, whole		OHG ganz
gardo				n. m.	enclosure, yard, garden		PG. *gardaz, *gardô			through VL. *gardus
gare				v.		to go						PG. *gāną					p. ging-
garno				n. m.	yarn						PG. *garnaz
gava				n. f.	gift, donation				PG. *gēbǭ
gavale				n. m.	fork						PG. *gabalô
geldare				v.		to pay, yield, be worth		PG. *geldaną				p. gald-
geldo				n. m.	money						PG. *geldą
gelo				adj.	yellow						PG. *gelwaz
gelroto				adj.	orange (colour)				gelo + roto
gerere				v.		to cause to ferment			PG. *jazjaną
gerno				adj.	willing, eager				PG. *gernaz
gero				n. m.	spear, pike					PG. *gaizaz
gesare				v.		to ferment					PG. *jesaną					p. ias-
gesto				n. m.	spirit, ghost, mind			PG. *gaistaz
gestro				adv.	yesterday					PG. *gestraz
gete				n. m.	goat						PG. *gaits
gevare				v.		to give						PG. *gebaną					p. gav-
girafa				n. f.	giraffe						It. giraffa
gitare				v.		to pour						PG. *geutaną				p. got-
glaso				n. m.	glass						PG. *glasą
glesino				adj.	glass, glazen, glassy		PG. *glasīnaz
glude				n. f.	glow, ember, coal			PG. *glōdiz
gluiare				v.		glow						PG. *glōaną
gnio				n. m.	knee						PG. *knewą
gnodlere			v.		to cuddle					related to PG. *knuttô
gnote				n. m.	knot						PG. *knuttô
goldo				n. m.	gold						PG. *gulþą
goto				n. m.	god, deity					PG. *gudą					capitalised for God
grabare				v.		to dig, to engrave			PG. *grabaną				p. grub-
grafo				n. m.	grave						PG. *grabą
grafto				n. m.	digging, carving, pus		PG. *graftuz				u-stem
grato				n. m.	ridge						OHG. grāt					rare
gravo				adj.	grey						PG. *grēwaz
gripare				v.		to grab, to grasp			PG. *grīpaną
grisico				adj.	ghastly, grisly				cognate w/ OE grislic
groto				adj.	great, big					PG. *grautaz
grotdotre			n. f.	granddaughter				groto + dotre
grotfadre			n. m.	grandfather					groto + fadre
grotita				n. f.	size						groto + -ita
grotmudre			n. f.	grandmother					groto + mudre
grotsuno			n. m.	grandson					groto + suno
grundere			v.		to found					from grundo
grundo				n. m.	ground, foundation			PG. *grunduz				u-stem
grune				adj.	green						PG. *grōniz					declines like e-stem noun
grutere				v.		to greet					PG. *grōtijaną
gruva				n. f.	pit, quarry, ditch			PG. *grōbō
gurdere				v.		to gird						PG. *gurdijaną
gurdilo				n. m.	belt (clothing)				PG. *gurdilaz
guto				adj.	good						PG. *gōdaz
ia					adv.	now, already				Lat. iam
ia					int.	yes							PG. *ja
ianuario			n. m.	January						Lat. iānuārius
iaro				n. m.	year						PG. *jērą
iartite				n. f.	season						iaro+ tite
igilo				n. m.	hedgehog					PG. *igilaz
imbio				n. m.	swarm of bees				PG. *imbijaz
imilo				n. m.	sky, heaven					PG. *himilaz
immidico			adj.	immediate					in- + mido + -ico
inalicavitico		adj.	imbalanced					in- + alicavitico
invonico			adj.	unusual, abnormal			in- + vonico
Inferno				n. m.	Hell						Lat. infernum				in the Christian sense
indanci				prp.	despite, regardless of		in- + danci					often with a
inde				n. f.	doe, hind					PG. *hindiz
indeangicita		n. f.	independence				indeangico + -ita
indeangico			adj.	independent					in- + deangico
iniomere			adv.	never						in- + iomere
iniomermere			adj.	nevermore					iniomere + mere
inoreto				adj.	unheard of, outrageous		in- + oreto
inreto				adj.	wrong, immoral				in- + reto
inreto				n. m.	injustice, inequity			in- + reto					u-stem
inritico			adj.	wrong, incorrect			in- + ritico
inruvico			adj.	restless					in- + ruva + -ico
intute				n. f.	immorality, indecency		in- + tute
intutico			adj.	indecent, obscene			intute + -ico
io					adv.	ever						PG. *aiwaz
iomere				adv.	always						io + mere
iradere				v.		to marry					from irado
irado				n. m.	marriage					PG. *hīwarēdaz
irnio				n. m.	brain						PG. *hurzniją
iruto				n. m.	deer, hart, stag			PG. *herutaz
isarno				n. m.	iron						PG. *īsarną
iso					n. m.	ice							PG. *īsą
iungo				adj.	young						PG. *jungaz
iulio				n. m.	July						Lat. iūlius
iunio				n. m.	June						Lat. iūnius
ivo					n. m.	yew							PG. *īhwaz
laca				n. f.	pool, pond					PG. *lakō
lacere				v.		to laugh					PG. *hlahjaną, *hlakkōną
lacio				n. m.	physician, doctor			PG. *lēkijaz				also fem. lacia
laga				n. f.	layer, class				PG. *lēgō
lago				adj.	low, level					PG. *lēgaz
lambe				n. m.	lamb						PG. *lambaz
lanca				n. f.	joint (anatomy)				OHG. lanca
lando				n. m.	land, country				PG. *lanþaz
landico				adj.	rustic						land + -ico
langico				adj.	slow, drawn-out				lango + -ico
lango				adj.	long						PG. *langaz
lare				adj.	empty						PG. *lēziz
laso				n. m.	salmon						PG. *lahsaz
lasto				n. f.	load, burden, cargo			PG. *hlastuz				u-stem
lata				n. f.	lath, slat					PG. *lattō
latare				v.		to let						PG. *lētaną					p. lit-
lataro				n. m.	laughter					PG. *hlahtraz
lato				adj.	late						PG. *lataz
lecare				v.		to dance					PG. *laikaną
lece				n. m.	lick						from lecere
lecere				v.		to lick						PG. *likkōną
leco				n. m.	dance						PG. *laikaz
ledere				v. 		to lead, to guide			PG. *laidijaną
legere				v.		to lay						PG. *lagjaną				transitive only
legico				adj.	lazy						legere + -ico
lenere				v.		to lean (transitive)		PG. *hlainijaną
lentino				n. m.	spring (season)				PG. *langatīnaz
lepilo				n. m.	spoon						PG. *lapilaz
lerere				v.		to teach					PG. *laizijaną
lernere				v.		to learn					PG. *liznaną
lesare				v.		to read, to collect			PG. *lesaną					p. las-
levo				n. m.	loaf						PG. *hlaibaz
leventi				adj.	alive						gerund of levere			does not decline for number or gender
levere				n. m.	life						from levere
levere				v.		to live						PG. libjaną
levico				adj.	lively, animated			levere + -ico
liare				v.		to lend						PG. *līhwaną
lico				n. m.	corpse, (dead) body			PG. *līką
lidare				v.		to suffer, go through		PG. *līþaną
lide				n. m.	person, people (pl.)		PG. *liudiz					also feminine
lido				n. m.	joint, member, article		PG. *liþuz					u-stem, also "member" as in "penis"
ligare				v.		to lie (falsehood)			PG. *leuganą				p. log-
ligere				v.		to lie (on a surface)		PG. *ligjaną				p. lag-
linda				n. f.	linden						PG. *lindō
linere				v.		to lean (intransitive)		PG. *hlinjaną
lipe				n. m.	lip							PG. *lipjô
litfato				n. m.	lamp, lantern				lito + fato
lito				n. m.	light						PG. *leuhtą
lito				adj.	light, easy					PG. *linhtaz
liva				n. f.	love						PG. *leubō
liva				n. f.	sweetheart, girlfriend		from livo (adj.)			see also frindola
livabere			v.		to love						livo + abere				more common
livere				v.		to love						PG. leubōną					more solemn
livo				adj.	dear, beloved, lovable		PG. *leubaz
livo				n. m.	sweetheart, boyfriend		from livo (adj.)			see also frindolo
livra				n. f.	liver						PG. *librō
loco				n. m.	leek						PG. *laukaz
losere				v.		to listen					PG. *hlusēną
loslatare			v.		to release, to let go		loso + latare
loso				adj.	loose, lax, devoid			PG. *lausaz
loso				n. m.	lynx						PG. *luhsaz
loto				n. m.	lot, fate, fortune			PG. *hlutą
lovere				v.		to praise					PG. *lubōną
lovia				n. f.	arbour						PG. *laubijō
lovo				n. m.	foliage, paper				PG. *laubą
lovo				n. m.	praise						PG. *lubą
luce				n. m.	luck, (good) fortune		Frk. *galukki
lucere				v.		to succeed, to go right		cognate w/ Du. lukken
luftcusinfartigo	n. m.	hovercraft					lufto + cusino + fartigo
luftere				v.		to air, to ventilate		PG. *luftijaną
luftfolga			n. f.	climate						lufto + folga
lufto				n. f.	air, sky, atmosphere		PG. *luftuz					u-stem
luge				n. m.	lie, falsehood				PG. *lugiz
lunge				n. m.	lung						PG. *lungô
luse				n. m.	louse						PG. *lūs
lusto				n. m.	desire, lust, pleasure		PG. *lustuz					u-stem
luto				adj.	loud, sonorous				PG. *hlūdaz
luto				n. m.	sound, noise				PG. *hlūdaz
mace				n. m.	comrade, fellow, equal		PG. *makô
macere				v.		to make						PG. *makōną
macere el ofo		v.		to woo, to court			see constituent parts
macere slute		v.		to break up					see constituent parts
machina				n. f.	machine						Lat. māchina				nonstandard, chiefly coastal Central
macico				adj.	easy, leisurely				PG. *makaz
made				n. m.	maggot						PG. *maþô
mage				n. m.	stomach						PG. *magô
maio				n. m.	May							Lat. Maius
malo				n. m.	meal						PG. *mēlą
managfaldere		v.		to multiply					Cognate w/ OS. managfaldon, OE. manigfealdian
manago				adj.	many						PG. *managaz				rare
mane				n. m.	moon						PG. *mēnô
manendago			n. m.	Monday						PG. *mēniniz dagaz
mano				n. m.	man, husband				PG. *mannaz
manode				n. m.	month						PG. *mēnōþs
mansicila			n. f.	crescent moon				mane + sicila
mantelo				n. m.	mantle, cloak				PG. *mantilaz, Lat. mantum
mapoldro			n. m.	maple						PG. *mapulaz
mara				n. f.	mare (spirit)				PG. *marǭ					rare
mardro				n. m.	marten						PG. *marþraz
margo				n. m.	marrow						PG. *mazgą
mario				n. m.	boundary, limit				PG. *mēriją
marme				n. m.	marble (stone)				Lat. marmor
martio				n. m.	March						Lat. mārtius
mata				n. f.	measure, size				PG. *mētō
mate				n. f.	might, power, strength		PG. *mahtiz
medo				n. m.	mead						PG. *meduz					u-stem
melcare				v.		to milk						PG. *melkaną				p. malc-
meldere				v.		to advertise, to announce	PG. *melþōną
melditio			v.		advertisement, announcement	meldere + -tio
menere				v.		to signify, to intend		PG. *mainijaną
menisco				adj.	human						PG. *manniskaz
menisco				n. m.	human, human being			from menisco
meo					n. m.	gull, seagull				PG. *maiwaz
mercere				v.		to mark, to notice			PG. *markōną
mere				adj/adv	more						PG. *maizô					does not decline, almost never for comparative
mere				n. m.	lake, body of water			PG. *mari
meria				n. f.	mare						PG. *marhijō
mersvino			n. m.	porpoise					PG. *mariswīną
mesa				n. m.	titmouse					PG. *maisǭ
mesa				n. f.	mass (christianity)			VL. *missa
mesto				adj.	most						PG. *maistaz				also det. almost never for superlative
metare				v.		to measure					PG. *metaną					p. mat-
metesmo				adj.	same						VL.	 *metipsimus
metsaso				n. m.	knife						PG. *matisahsą
middagmalo			n. m.	lunch						middago + malo
middago				n. m.	mid-day, noon				midio + dago
midilo				n. m.	means, agent, medicine		PG. *midlą
midio				n. m.	middle						PG. *midją
mila				n. f.	mile						PG. *mīlijō
milta				n. f.	spleen						PG. *meltǭ
miluce				n. f.	milk						PG. *meluks
mimarere			v.		to get lost in thought		PG. *mīmrōną
misere				v.		to miss, fail, be without	PG. *missijaną
mita				n. f.	mite						PG. *mītǭ
mo					adv.	just, only					Lat. modo
mora				n. f.	carrot, parsnip				PG. *murhō
morganmalo			n. m.	breakfast					morgano + malo
morgano				n. m.	morning, tomorrow (adv)		PG. *murginaz				from variant *murganaz
mota				n. f.	moth						PG. *muþþǭ
mudio				adj.	tired, weary				PG. mōþaz					from WG var. *mōþijaz
mudre				n. f.	mother						PG. *mōdēr
mudrespraca			n. f.	native language				mudre + spraca
mudria				n. f.	maternal aunt				PG. *mōdrijǭ
muga				n. f.	mosquito, nematoceran		PG. *mugjǭ
mugare				v.		to be able to, may			PG. *maganą
muma				n. f.	mama, mum					PG. *mōmǭ
munare				v.		to remember					PG. *munaną
mundarde			n. f.	dialect						mundo + arde
mundo				n. m.	mouth						PG. *munþaz
muse				n. m.	mouse						PG. *mūs
mutare				v.		must, to have to, need to	PG. *mōtaną					aux. obl.
mutere				v.		to meet, to encounter		PG. *mōtijaną
muto				n. m.	mood, courage				PG. *mōdaz
na					adj.	near, close, nearby			PG. *nēhw					does not decline
nace				n. m.	nape of the neck			PG. *hnakkô
nace				n. m.	small boat					PG. *nakwô
nadra				n. f.	adder, viper				PG. *nadrǭ
nagibure			n. m.	neighbour					PG. *nēhwagabūro			also nagibura (f.)
naglo				n. m.	nail						PG. *naglaz
naiare				v.		to sew						PG. *nēaną
name				n. m.	name, noun					PG. *namô
nara				n. f.	aid, deliverance, support	PG. *nazō
naste				adj.	next						PG. *nēhwist				does not decline for number or gender
nastliva			n. f.	charity						naste + liva
natagala			n. f.	nightingale					PG. *nahtagalǭ
nate				n. f.	night						PG. *nahts
natico				adj.	nightly, nocturnal			nate + -ico
natmara				n. f.	nightmare					nate + mara
nava				n. f.	hub, nave					PG. *nabō
navale				n. m.	navel						PG. *nabalô
navugero			n. m.	auger, borer				PG. *nabōgaizaz
ne					p/adv.	no, not						Lat. nē
nebio				n. m.	beak, nose					PG. *nabją
nefe				n. m.	male cousin, nephew			PG. *nefô
nemare				v.		to take						PG. *nemaną					p. nam-
nematie				adv.	too (as in "too much")		from ne + mata
nenere				v.		to name, to call			PG. *namnijaną
neto				adj.	net							Lat. nitidus
nifte				n. f.	female cousin, niece		PG. *niftiz
nilo						nothing, no					Lat. nihilum				pronoun, noun, or adjective
nire				n. m.	kidney						PG. *neurô
nivimane			n. m.	new moon					nivio + mane
nivio				adj.	new							PG. *niwjaz
noc					adv.	still, yet, even			PG. *nuh, Lat. adhūc
node				n. f.	need, emergency, distress	PG. *naudiz
nodicie				adv.	necessarily, urgently		adv. form of nodico
nodico				adj.	necessary					node + -ico
nordico				adj.	northern, northerly			nordo + -ico
nordo				n. m.	north						PG. *nurþrą
nordvardo			adj.	northward, northwards		nordo + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
nordvardo			adj.	northward, northwards		nordo + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
nosa				n. f.	nose						PG. *nusō
novembre			n. m.	November					Lat. november
nu					int.	no							ne + uno					nonstandard, chiefly northern
o					con.	or							Lat. aut
obi					pr.		where						Lat. ubī
obice				adv.	everywhere					Lat. ubīque
ocmutico			adj.	arrogant, smug				ocmuto + -ico
ocmuto				n. m.	arrogance, conceit			oco + muto
oco					adj.	high						PG. *hauhaz
ode					n. m.	testicle					PG. *huþô
ofo					n. m.	court, yard					PG. *hufą
ofreto				adj.	humped, gibbous				ptcp. of ofro + -ere
ofro				n. m.	hump						PG. *hufraz
ogaplo				n. m.	eyeball, apple of one's eye	PG. *augaaplaz
oge					n. m.	eye							PG. *augô
ogo					n. m.	hill						PG. *haugaz
ogosto				n. m.	August						Lat. augustus
oldo				adj.	friendly, gracious			PG. *hulþaz
olmo				n. m.	elm							PG. *elmaz, Lat. ulmus
olto				n. m.	wood						PG. *hultą
olvendo				n. m.	camel						PG. *ulbanduz				u-stem
omo					n. m.	maternal uncle				PG. *awahaimaz
one					det.	all, everyone				Lat. omnis
opa					n. f.	hope						PG. *hupō
opano				adj.	open						PG. *upanaz
opere				v.		to hope						PG. *hupōną
ordo				n. m.	place, point				PG. *uzdaz
ordrurico			n. m.	locomotive					ordo + rurere + -ico
ore					n. m.	ear							PG. *auzô
orere				v.		to hear, to belong			PG. *hauzijaną
orno				n. m.	horn						PG. *hurną
ose					n. m.	ox, steer					PG. *uhsô
ostico				adj.	eastern, easterly			osto + -ico
osto				n. m.	east						PG. *austrą
ostvardo			adj.	eastward, eastwards			osto + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
otobre				n. m.	October						Lat. octōber
otro				n. m.	otter						PG. *utraz
oveto				n. m.	fruit (culinary)			PG. *ubatją					see also fruta
ovitbeno			n. m.	skull (anatomy)				ovito + beno
ovito				n. m.	head						PG. *haubudą				from variant *haubidą
papa				n. m.	pope						Lat. pāpa
pasere				v.		to fit						cognate w/ MD. passen
per					pr.		for, through, during		Lat. per
pera				n. f.	pear						Lat. pira
perargiorere		v.		to worsen, to exacerbate	per- + argior + -ere		"argior" comparative of "argo"
perbanare			v.		to banish, to exile			per- + banare
perbidare			v.		to forbid, to prohibit		PG. *furibeudaną			p. perbod-
perbidare			v.		to expect, anticipate		per- + bidare
perce				pr.		why							per- + ce
percontravorticita	n. f.	responsibility				percontravortico + -ita
percontravortico	adj.	responsible					per- + contravorto +ico
perdencere			v.		to suspect (guilt)			per- + dencere
perdragare			v.		to endure, tolerate, bear	PG. *fradraganą				p. perdrug-
perdragilere		v.		to enslave, to addict		per- + dragilo + -ere
perdragileto		n. m.	addict						ptcp. of perdragilere
peredo				n. m.	horse						L. Lat. paraverēdus
peretare			v.		to eat savagely				PG. *fraetaną				p. perat-
peretrere			v.		to poison					per- + etro + -ere
perforscario		n. m.	explorer					perforscere + -ario			also perforscaria (f)
perforscere			v.		to explore					per- + forscere
perfugere			v.		to conjugate				per- + fugere
perfugitio			n. f.	conjugation					perfugere + -tio
perfurere			v.		to seduce					per- + furere
pergeldare			v.		to pay back, retaliate		PG. *frageldaną				p. pergald-
pergetare			v.		to forget					PG. *fragetaną				p. pergat-
pergevare			v.		to forgive, to pardon		PG. *fragebaną				p. pergav-
periradere			v.		to marry (a couple)			per- + iradere				refl. "to get married"
perlatare			v.		to leave, abandon, desert	PG. *fralētaną				p. perlit-
perlisare			v.		to lose						PG. *fraleusaną				p. perlos-
perlivere			v.		(refl.) to fall in love		per- + livere
perliveto			adj.	in love						ptcp. of perlivere
pernilere			v.		to destroy					per- + nilo + -ere
perplitere			v.		to oblige					per- + plite + -ere
perscinare			v.		to appear, to show up		per- + scinare
perscivare			v.		to shift, to postpone		per- + scivare
persicurere			v.		to assure, insure, reassure	per- + sicuro + -ere
persitico			adj.	clear, transparent			per- + site + -ico
persoprere			v.		to conquer					per- + soper + -ere
perstare			v.		to understand				PG. *frastāną				p. perstud-
perstato			n. m.	reason, mind, intellect		from perstare
perstelere			v.		put forth, introduce		per- + stelere				refl. to imagine
persteleto			adj.	imaginary, hypothetical		ptcp. of perstelere
persteliticrafto	n. m.	imagination					perstelitio + crafto
perstelitio			n. f.	idea, representation		perstelere + -itio
persucere			v.		to try, attempt, tempt		per- + sucere
persuco				n. m.	attempt						from persucere
pertrevere			n. m.	trust						nominalised from pertrevere
pertrevere			v.		to trust					per- +treva + -ere
perverare			v.		to confuse					per + verare
perveratio			n. f.	confusion					perverare + -atio
pervustiere			v.		to devastate, to lay waste	per- + vustio + -ere
pesco				n. m.	bishop						Lat. episcopus
pilo				n. m.	arrow						Lat. pīlum
plite				n. f.	duty, obligation			PG. *plihtiz
por					pr.		for, before					VL. *por
porabere			v.		to intend					por	- + abere
porapo				adj.	over, bygone, ended			por + apo
porname				n. m.	pronoun, first name			por- + name
porria				n. f.	priority, precedence		por- + ria
porsetetitio		n. f.	preposition					por- + setere + -tio
porsitere			v.		to preside					por- + sitere				p. porsat-
porpora				adj.	purple						Lat. purpura				does not decline for gender
posname				n. m.	last name, surname			pos- + name
posritere			v.		to message, to notify		pos- + ritere
posrito				n. m.	message, notification		from posrito
potblio				n. m.	graphite, pencil			poto + blio
poto				n. m.	pot, jar					PG. *puttaz
precare				v.		to pray						Lat. precor
pricildrato			n. m.	barbed wire					pricilo + drato				u-stem
pricilo				n. m.	prickle, barb				cognate w/ En. prickle
raca				n. f.	revenge, vengeance			PG. *wrēkō
radare				v.		to advise, to guess			PG. *rēdaną					p. rid-
ramse				n. m.	onion, ramson				PG. *hramusô
raco				n. m.	wreck						ult. from PG. *wrekaną
rando				n. m.	edge, rim, border			PG. *randaz
rato				n. m.	advice, council				PG. *rēdaz
ravno				n. m.	raven						PG. *hrabnaz
recenere			v.		calculate, compute			PG. *rekanōną
recenetore			n. m.	computer					recenere + -tore
recenvilo			n. m.	calculator					recenere + vilo
recere				v.		to reach					PG. *raikijaną
redere				v.		to save, to rescue			PG. *hradjaną
redro				n. m.	innards, guts				PG. *herþrą
reganico			adj.	rainy						regano + -ico
regano				n. m.	rain						PG. *regnaz
reganere			v.		to rain						PG. *reganōną
regno				n. m.	rain						PG. *regnaz					alt. form of regano
regre				n. m.	heron						PG. *hraigrô
remo				n. m.	oar							Lat. rēmus
rene				adj.	pure, clean					PG. *hrainiz
reo					n. m.	roe							PG. *raihą
resa				n. f.	journey, travel, trip		PG. *raisō
resere				v.		to journey, to set out		PG. *raisōną
restilo				n. m.	destination					resa + tilo
reto				adj.	right, just					PG. *rehtaz
reto				n. m.	right, privilege			PG. *rehtą
reto				n. m.	right, justice, law			PG. *rehtuz					u-stem
retvisico			adj.	righteous, just, virtuous	reto + visa + -ico
retrocere			n. m.	return, comeback			from retrocerere
retrocerere			v.		to return					retro- + cerere
retrovinare			v.		to recover, to regain		retro- + vinare				p. retrovan-
reverendo			n. m.	Reverend					Lat. Reverendus
ria					n. f.	row, line, rank				cognate w/ Du. rij, HG Reihe
ribo				n. m.	rib							PG. *ribją
ricare				v.		to smell					PG. *reukaną				to sense and emit, p. roc-
ricio				n. m.	empire, state				PG. *rīkiją
ride				n. m.	fever						PG. *hriþiz
rime				n. m.	belt, strap					PG. *reumô
rinare				v.		to run, to flow				PG. *rinnaną				p. ran-
risare				v.		to rise						PG. *rīsaną
riso				n. m.	rice						ult. from An. Gr. ὄρυζᾰ
ritere				v.		to direct, to align			PG. *rihtijaną
ritico				adj.	right, correct				ritere + -ico
riva				n. f.	regret, repentance, remorse	PG. *hrewwō
rivare				v.		to grieve, feel sorrow, rue	PG. *hrewwaną				p. ruv-
robere				v.		to rob, to deprive			PG. *raubōną
robo				n. m.	robbery, heist				PG. *raubaz
roce				n. m.	smoke						PG. *raukiz
rocere				v.		to smoke					from roce
roco				n. m.	skirt						PG. *rukkaz
roge				n. m.	rye							PG. *ruggô
roro				n. m.	pipe, tube, duct, cane		PG. *rauzą
rosa				n. f.	rose						Lat. rosa
rosico				adj.	pink, rosy					rosa + -ico
rosto				n. m.	rust						PG. *rustaz
rotere				v.		to turn red					PG. *rudjaną
roto				adj.	red							PG. *raudaz
rudro				n. m.	rudder						PG. *rōþrą
rugia				n. f.	back						PG. *hrugjō
rugigrato			n. m.	backbone, spine				rugia + grato
ruiare				v.		to row						PG. *rōaną
rumere				v.		to clear, to make room		PG. *rūmijaną
rumo				adj.	roomy, spacious				PG. *rūmaz
rumo				n. m.	room, space, capacity		PG. *rūmą
runere				v.		to whisper, to murmur		PG. *rūnōną
rupare				v.		to call, to shout			PG. *hrōpaną				p. rip-
rurere				v.		to move, to stir			PG. *hrōzijaną				transitive
ruva				n. f.	calmness, repose, quiet		PG. *rōwō
ruvico				adj. 	quiet, calm					ruva + -ico
sabato				n. m.	Saturday, Sabbath			Lat. sabbatum
saca				n. f.	thing, matter, affair		PG. *sakō
sacerdote			n. m.	priest						Lat. sacerdōs
saco				n. m.	sack, bag					PG. *sakkuz					u-stem
saftio				adj.	soft, gentle				PG. *samftijaz
saga				n. f.	story, myth, saga			PG. *sagǭ
saltare				v.		to salt						PG. *saltaną
salto				adj.	salty						PG. *saltaz
salto				n. m.	salt						PG. *saltą
same				n. m.	seed, sperm, semen			PG. *sēmô
sando				adj.	true, real					PG. *sanþaz
sane				adv.	soon						PG. *sēna
sango				n. m.	singing, song				PG. *sangwaz
santo				n. m.	saint						Lat. sānctus				also santa (f)
sapone				n. m.	soap						PG. *saipǭ					through Lat. sāpō
sate				n. f.	seed						PG. *sēdiz
scado				n. m.	shadow, shade				PG. *skadwaz
scala				n. f.	bowl						PG. *skēlō
scama				n. f.	shame						PG. *skamō
scapo				n. m.	sheep						PG. *skēpą
scarpo				adj.	sharp						PG. *skarpaz
scatere				v.		to estimate					scato + -ere
scato				n. m.	treasure, darling			PG. *skattaz				latter esp. if diminutive
scedare				v.		to separate, to divorce		PG. *skaiþaną				transitive, p. scid-
scedato				adj.	separated, distinct			ptcp. of scedare
scede				n. f.	sheath, scabbard, vagina	PG. *skaiþiz
sceiare				v.		to happen, befall, occur	PG. *skehaną				p. scai-
sceiata				n. f.	story, history				ptcp. of sceiare
scela				n. f.	shell						PG. *skaljō
scencere			v.		give, gift, pour (a drink)	PG. *skankijaną
scencilo			n. m.	leg, shank, thigh			PG. *skankô, *skankilaz
scenco				n. m.	gift, present				from scencere
scerare				v.		to shear, to shave			PG. *skeraną				p. scar-
scermetsaso			n. m.	razor						scerare + metsaso
scermetsasolo		n. m.	razor blade					diminutive of scermetsaso
scina				n. f.	shin						PG. *skinō
scinare				v.		to shine, to seem			PG. *skīnaną
scino				n. m.	shine, appearance			from scinare
scirme				n. m.	screen, cover, umbrella		PG. *skirmiz
scirmere			v.		to protect, to shield		PG. *skirmijaną
sciio				adj.	shy, reserved				PG. *skeuhaz
scilto				n. m.	shield						PG. *skelduz				u-stem
scipo				n. m.	ship, boat					PG. *skipą
scitare				v.		to shoot, to fire			PG. *skeutaną				p. scot-
scivare				v.		to push, to shove			PG. *skeubaną				p. scov-
sco					n. m.	shoe						PG. *skōhaz
scone				adj.	beautiful					PG. *skauniz				declines like e-stem
scoto				n. m.	lap, fold					PG. *skautaz
scovere				v.		to look, to watch			PG. *skawwōną
scrapere			v.		to scrape					PG. *skrapōną
screcere			v.		to scare, to frighten		PG. *skrikjaną
screcico			adj.	scary, frightful, awful		screco + -ico
screco				n. m.	fright						from screcere
scridare			v.		to stride, to step			PG. *skrīþaną
scrivare			v.		to write					PG. *skrībaną
scudere				v.		to shake, to shudder		PG. *skudjaną				ergative
scufla				n. f.	shovel						PG. *skuflō
sculare				v.		should, ought to			PG. *skulaną
sculde				n. f.	fault, guilt, debt			PG. *skuldiz
sculdfule			n. m.	feeling of guilt			sculde + fule
sculdre				n. m.	shoulder					PG. *skuldrô
scurta				n. f.	apron						PG. *skurtijǭ
scute				n. m.	shot, shoot					PG. *skutiz
se					n. m.	sea, ocean					PG. *saiwiz
sed					con.	but							Lat. sed
segere				v.		to say						PG. *sagjaną
segisna				n. f.	scythe						PG. *sagisnō
segnare				v.		to bless					Lat. signō
seiare				v.		to see						PG. *sehwaną				p. sai-
sela				n. f.	soul, life force			PG. *saiwalō
selvie				adv.	even						adv. of selvo
selvo				n. m.	self						PG. *selbaz
semate				n. f.	navy						se + mate
sendere				v.		to send, to transmit		PG. *sandijaną
seneva				n. f.	sinew, tendon, nerve		PG. *senawō					sense "nerve" archaic
sepertrevere		n. m.	self-confidence				se + pertrevere
servare				v.		to save (relig.)			Lat. servō
setembre			n. m.	September					Lat. september
setere				v.		to set, to put				PG. *satjaną
sesute				n. f.	selfishness					se + sute
sesutico			adj.	selfish						sesute + -ico
seundo				n. m.	seal (animal)				se + undo
siare				v.		to filter, to strain		PG. *sīhwaną
sicila				adj.	sickle, crescent			PG. *sikilō
sico				adj.	ill, sick, unwell			PG. *seukaz
sicuro				adj.	sure, certain, secure		PG. *sikuraz
sicuso				n. m.	hospital					sico + uso
sida				n. f.	side						PG. *sidǭ
sidare				v.		to boil, to seethe			PG. *seuþaną				p. sod-
sidicismo			n. m.	traditionalism				sidico + -ismo
sidicista			n. f.	traditionalist				sidico + -ista				can also be masculine
sidicistico			adj.	traditionalist				sidicista + -ico
sidico				adj.	customary, moral			sido + -ico
sido				n. m.	custom, tradition			PG. *siduz					u-stem
sigare				v.		to sink, to fall			PG. *sīganą
sigie				n. m.	victory, triumph			PG. *segaz
silvro				n. m.	silver						PG. *silubrą
sinare				v.		to contemplate				PG. *sinnaną				p. san-
sincare				v.		to sink						PG. *sinkwaną				p. sanc-
singare				v.		to sing						PG. *singwaną				p. sang-
sino				n. m.	sense						PG. *sinnaz					perception or meaning
sire				v.		to be						PG. *wesaną, *beuną, Lat. sum	highly irregular
site				n. f.	sight, seeing				PG. *sihtiz
sitere				v.		to sit						PG. *sitjaną				p. sat-
slage				n. m.	beat, hit					PG. *slagiz
slange				n. m.	snake						PG. *slangô
slapare				v.		to sleep					PG. *slēpaną				p. slip-
slapo				n. m.	sleep						PG. *slēpaz
slare				v.		to hit, to strike			PG. *slahaną				p. slug-
slingrere			v.		to sling					cognate with Du. slingeren
slingro				n. m.	sling						cognate with Du. slinger
slute				n. m.	end, ending, conclusion		PG. *slutiz
smacare				v.		to taste (like)				cognate with Du. smaken
smertare			v.		to hurt (intransitive)		PG. *smertaną				p. smart-
smerto				n. m.	pain, ache					from smertare
smirilo				n. m.	merlin						PG. *smirilaz
snege				n. m.	snail, slug					PG. *sneggô
snelita				n. f.	speed, velocity				snelo + -ita
snelo				adj.	quick, fast, agile			PG. *snellaz
snevico				adj.	snowy						snevo + -ico
snevo				n. m.	snow						PG. *snaiwaz
snidare				v.		to cut, to carve			PG. *snīþaną
snito				n. m.	cut, slice					from snidare
snitolo				n. m.	sandwich					diminutive of snito			in this case, of bread
snivare				v.		to snow						PG. *snīwaną
snavlo				n. m.	snout, muzzle, mouth		PG. *snabulaz				see also snuto
snutbarto			n. m.	moustache					snuto + barto
snuto				n. m.	snout, muzzle				PG. *snūtaz					preferred term for "snout"
snuvare				v.		to pant, to puff			PG. *snūbaną				p. snov-
sobgrundico			adj.	underground					sob- + grundo + -ico
sobgrundsporvego	n m.	subway, underground railway	sob- + grundo + sporvego
soblacere			v.		to smile					sob- + lacere
soblatare			v.		to lower					sob- + latare				p. soblit-
sobritere			v.		to teach, to school			sob- + ritere
sobrito				n. m.	lesson						from sobritere
sobscrivare			v.		subscribe, underwrite		sob- + scrivare
sobscrivatio		n. f.	subscription				sobscrivare + -tio
solitario			adj.	lonely, solitary			Lat. sōlitārius
solo				adj.	only, alone					Lat. sōlus
soper				prep.	over, above					Lat. super
soperdrunce			n. m.	hangover					soper- + drunce
sopersetere			v.		to translate				soper- + setere
sopersetitio		n. f.	translation					sopersetere + -tio
soperlevere			v.		to survive					soper- + levere
sorga				n. f.	concern, worry, care		PG. *surgō
sorgere				v.		to worry, to care			PG. *surgijaną
soso				adv.	up, upwards					Lat. *sursum
sosogevare			v.		to give up, surrender		soso- + gevare				p. sosogav-
sosorumere			v.		to tidy up, to clean up		soso- + rumere
sosotecnere			v.		to record, to note down		soso- + tecnere
spade				n. m.	spade						PG. *spadô
spanare				v.		to strain, to stretch		PG. *spannaną
spanatio			n. f.	tension, stress				spanare + -tio
spare				n. m.	sparrow						PG. *sparwô
speclere			v.		to mirror					speclo + -ere
speclo				n. m.	mirror						Lat. speculum
speco				n. m.	bacon, lard					PG. *spiką
spelo				n. m.	tale, telling				PG. *spellą
spene				n. m.	nipple						PG. *spenô
spero				n. m.	spear, javelin				PG. *speru					u-stem
speto				n. m.	woodpecker					PG. *spihtaz
spicariere			v.		to store, to save			spicario + -ere
spicario			n. m.	granary, storage			Lat. spīcārium
spilere				v.		to play						PG. *spilōną
spilo				n. m.	game, playing				PG. *spilą					also "deck" (of cards)
sporo				n. m.	track						PG. *spurą
sporvego			n. m.	railway						sporo + vego
spraca				n. f.	language, speech			PG. *sprēkō
spracvitita			n. f.	linguistics					spraca + vitita
sprava				n. f.	spray, spurt, squirt		from spravere
spravere			v.		to spray, to spurt			PG. *sprēwijaną
sprecare			v.		to speak					PG. *sprekaną				p. sprac-
stade				n. m.	city, town					PG. *stadiz
stalo				n. m.	steel						PG. *stahliją
stalo				n. m.	stall, stable				PG. *stallaz
standbilidio		n. m.	statue						stando + bilidio
stando				n. m.	state, position				PG. *standaz
stape				n. m.	step, rung					PG. *stapiz
starco				adj.	strong						PG. *starkuz				declines like u-stem
stare				v.		to stand					PG. *stāną					p. stud-
staro				v.		starling					PG. *staraz?
stecare				v.		to stick, to poke, to stab	PG. *stikaną
stelere				v.		to set, to place			PG. *stallijaną
steleto				n. m.	shape, form, figure			ptcp. of stelere
stema				n. f.	voice						PG. *stamnijō, stebnō
stemere				v.		to vote, to tune			stema + -ere
stemitico			adj.	moody, temperamental		stemitio + -ico
stemitio			n. f.	mood, tuning				stemere + -tio
steno				n. m.	stone						PG. *stainaz
stera				n. f.	star						PG. *sternǭ
sterto				n. m.	tail						PG. *stertaz
stervare			v.		to die						PG. *sterbaną				p. starv-
stice				n. m.	prick, stitch, stab			PG. *stikiz
stilio				adj.	still, motionless, quiet	PG. *stillijaz
stincare			v.		to stink					PG. *stinkwaną				p. stanc-
stirere				v.		to steer, to guide			PG. *stiurijaną
stiro				n. m.	bull						PG. *steuraz				see also bule
stoco				n. m.	stock						PG. *stukkaz
stolto				adj.	proud						PG. *stultaz
stopere				v.		to stuff, to plug			PG. *stuppōną
stopitio			n. f.	stuff, matter				stopere + -tio
storco				n. m.	stork						PG. *sturkaz
stotare				v.		to push, to bump			PG. *stautaną				p. stit-
straco				adj.	taut, stretched				PG. *strakaz
strata				n. f.	street, road				PG. *strātō
strecere			v.		to stretch, to straighten	PG. *strakkjaną
strengio			adj.	strict, severe, rigid		PG. *strangijaz
stridare			v.		to fight, to quarrel		PG. *strīdaną
strido				n. m.	fight, conflict				from stridare
stromo				n. m.	small river, stream			PG. *straumaz				also "current, electricity"
stucio				n. m.	piece, thing				PG. *stukkiją
stulo				n. m.	chair						PG. *stōlaz
stunda				n. f.	hour, point in time			PG. *stundō
sturie				n. m.	sturgeon					PG. *sturjô
sturmavero			n. m.	assault rifle				sturmo + avero
sturmo				n. m.	storm						PG. *sturmaz
sturtere			v.		to fall down, to tumble		PG. *sturtijaną
sucere				v.		to seek, look for, search	PG. *sōkijaną
sudico				adj.	southern, southerly			sudo + -ico
sudo				n. m.	south						PG. *sunþrą
sudvardo			adj.	southward, southwards		sudo + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
sumaro				n. m.	summer						PG. *sumaraz
suna				n. f.	sun							PG. *sunnǭ
sundia				n. f.	sin							PG. *sundī, sundijō
suno				n. m.	son							PG. *sunuz					u-stem
sunscino			n. m.	sunshine					suna + scino
sunvende			n. f.	solstice					suna + vende
suro				adj.	sour, acidic				PG. sūraz
suro				n. m.	acid						PG. sūrą
surstopitio			n. f.	oxygen						suro + stopitio
sute				n. f.	addiction, obsession		PG. *suhtiz
suto				adj.	sweet, fresh (as in water)	PG. *swōtuz					declines like u-stem
sutolo				adj.	cute						diminutive of suto
svaco				adj.	weak						PG. *swakaz
svano				n. m.	swan						PG. *swanaz
svarita				n. f.	difficulty, trouble			svaro + -ita
svarmuto			n. m.	depression					svaro + muto
svaro				adj.	heavy, grave, difficult		PG. *swēraz
svarto				adj.	black						PG. *swartaz
sverto				n. m.	sword						PG. *swerdą
svestre				n. f.	sister						PG. *swestēr
svevere				v.		to float					PG. *swibjaną
svevlo				n. m.	sulphur						PG. *sweblaz
svidie				adv.	very, quite, strongly		PG. *swinþaz
svigere				v.		to stay silent, to shut up	PG. *swīgijaną
svindlere			v.		to cheat, to swindle		PG. *swindlōną
svino				n. m.	pig, swine					PG. *swīną
ta					adv.	so, so much, as much		Lat. tam
tala				n. f.	number						PG. *talō
talgo				n. m.	tallow, suet				PG. *talgaz
talgganse			n. m.	penguin						from talgo + ganse
tante				n. m.	tooth						PG. *tanþs
taroco				n. m.	tarot						It. tarocco
tasca				n. f.	bag, pocket, pouch			PG. *taskǭ
tea					n. f.	toe							PG. *taihwǭ
tecnere				v.		to draw						PG. *taiknijaną
tecno				n. m.	sign, symbol, token			PG. *taikną
telere				v.		to count, to tell			PG. *taljaną
tiare				v.		to pull						PG. *teuhaną				p. tog-
tigere				v.		to beget, to procreate		OHG ziugen
tigo				n. m.	device, equipment, gear		PG. *teugą
tila				n. f.	line (of text), row			OHG zīla
tilo				n. m.	target, goal				PG. *tilą
tino				n. m.	tin (metal)					PG. *tiną
tisdago				n. m.	Tuesday						PG. *Tīwas dagaz
tite				n. f.	time, tense (grammar)		PG. *tīdiz
to					adv.	then						Lat. tum
toncunste			n. f.	music						tono + cunste
tono				n. m.	tone						Lat. tonus
torno				n. m.	wrath, anger				PG. *turnaz
tovo				n. m.	cord, rope, nerve, line		PG. *tawwą
tovrario			n. m.	sorcerer					tovro + -ario				also tovraria (f)
tovro				n. m.	magic, sorcery				PG. *taubrą
trano				n. m.	tear (in the eyes)			PG. *trahnuz				u-stem
trapa				n. f.	stairs, staircase			PG. *trappō
trefare				v.		to hit, to encounter		OHG. treffan				p. traf-
tretare				v.		to tread, to step			PG. *trudaną				p. trat-
treto				n. m.	step, pace					from tretare
trento				n. m.	trend, inclination			PG. *trendaz				also "fashion"
treva				n. f.	faithfulness, loyalty		PG. *trewwō					part. through VL trewa
trive				adj.	loyal, faithful, true		PG. *triwwiz
trucere				v.		to fall short, disappoint	PG. *trukkōną
trucitio			n. f.	disappointment				trucere + -tio
tuge				n. m.	train, pull, draught		PG. *tugiz
tunga				n. f.	tongue						PG. *tungǭ
tuno				n. m.	fence, enclosure			PG. *tūną
tute				n. f.	discipline					PG. *tuhtiz
tviflo				n. m.	doubt						PG. *twīflaz
tvinolo				n. m.	twin(ling), double			PG. *twinaz
tvinolvorto			n. m.	doublet (linguistics)		tvinolo + vorto
ude					n. f.	skin, hide					PG. *hūdiz
ufo					n. m.	hoof						PG. *hōfaz
ula					n. f.	owl							PG. *uwwalǭ
ulere				v.		to cover, to wrap			PG. *huljaną
unare				v.		to grant, to allow			PG. *unnaną
unclango			n. m.	harmony, concord			uno + clango
undia				n. f.	wave						PG. *unþī
undo				n. m.	dog, hound					PG. *hundaz
unfaldico			adj.	simple						uno + faldico
unste				n. f.	favour						PG. *undiz
upe					n. m.	hip							PG. *hupiz
uso					n. m.	house						PG. *hūsą
uta					n. f.	last part of the night		PG. *unhtwǭ
uvaro				n. m.	shore, bank					PG. *ōferaz
uvilo				adj.	evil						PG. *ubilaz
uvilo				n. m.	evil						from uvilo
vade				n. m.	calf (anatomy)				PG. *waþwô
vagano				n. m.	car, vehicle, wagon			PG. *wagnaz
vagno				n. m.	car, vehicle, wagon			PG. *wagnaz					alt. to vagano
vaiare				v.		to blow (wind)				PG. *wēaną
vala				n. f.	choice, election			PG. *walō
valdare				v.		to rule						PG. *waldaną
valdo				n. m.	authority, power, force		PG. *waldaz
valdo				n. m.	forest						PG. *walþuz					u-stem
vale				n. m.	wellbeing, weal				PG. *walô					used in toast "A vale!"
valo				n. m.	whale						PG. *hwalaz
valsa				n. f.	roller, cylinder			OHG walza
valvisico			adj.	optional					vala + visa + -ico
vandrere			v.		to wander, to hike			PG. *wandrōną
vandrestera			n. f.	planet						vandrere + stera
vane				n. f.	false hope, delusion		PG. *wēniz
vanere				v.		to falsely believe			PG. *wēnijaną
vange				n. m.	cheek						PG. *wangô
vanto				n. f.	wall						PG. *wanduz					u-stem
vapno				n. m.	weapon, arm					PG. *wēpną
vardere				v.		to guard, to watch over		PG. *wardāną
varita				n. f.	truth						varo + -ita
varo				adj.	true						PG. *wēraz
varmo				adj.	warm						PG. *warmaz
varnere				v.		to warn						PG. *warnōną
varnitio			n. f.	warning						varnere + -tio
vasenti				adj.	waxing, growing				gerund of vasere
vasere				v.		to grow, increase, wax		PG. *wahsijaną
vata				n. f.	guard, watch, vigil			PG. *wahtwō
vatarstopitio		n. f.	hydrogen					vatro + stopitio
vatere				v.		to keep watch				PG. *wahtwijaną
vatro				n. m.	water						PG. *watōr					became o-stem
ve					n. m.	woe, grief					PG. *waiwô, *wai			also annoyance if interjection
veco				adj.	tender, soft, weak, fragile	PG. *waikwaz
vedro				n. m.	weather						PG. *wedrą
vegaredario			n. m.	pioneer						vego + aredo + -ario		also -aria (f)
vego				n. m.	way, path					PG. *wegaz
vende				n. f.	turn, change				PG. *wandīniz
vendere				v.		to turn						PG. *wandijaną
venere				v.		to cry, to weep				PG. *wainōną
venere				v.		to accustom					PG. *wanjaną
vera				n. f.	disarray, confusion			PG. *werrō
verare				v.		to cause disarray			PG. *werraną				p. var-
verco				n. m.	work, piece, task			PG. *werką
verdare				v.		to become, will				PG. *werþaną				aux. fut; cond. in pf. conj. p. vard-
verdere				v.		to appreciate, to value		PG. *werþōną
verdo				adj.	worth, worthy, dear			PG. *werþaz
verdo				n. m.	worth, value				from verdo
vere				n. f.	defence, resistance			PG. *warīniz
verere				v.		to ward off					PG. *warjaną
vermere				v.		to warm						PG. *warmijaną
verolte				n. f	world						PG. *weraldiz
veroltse			n. m.	ocean						verolte + se
verpare				v.		to throw					PG. *werpaną				p. varp-
vespa				n. f.	wasp						PG. *wepsō					infl. by Lat. vespa
vestico				adj.	western, westerly			vesto + -ico
vesto				n. m.	west						PG. *westrą
vestvardo			adj.	westward, westwards			vesto + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
vica				n. f.	week						PG. *wikǭ
vidro				n. m.	ram							PG. *weþruz					u-stem
vigare				v.		to make war, to battle		PG. *wīganą					mostly poetic
vigo				n. m.	war, battle					PG. *wīgą					mostly poetic
vilantavero			n. m.	revolver					vilo + anto + avero			rare, usually antavero
vile				n. m.	want, will, desire			PG. *wiljô
vilere				v.		to want						PG. *wiljaną
vilgia				n. f.	willow						PG. *wiligjǭ
vilicume			adj.	welcome						PG. *wiljakumô				interjection, does not decline
vilo				n. m.	wheel						PG. *hwehwlą
vilo				n. m.	machine						PG. *wīlą					standard
vinare				v.		to fight for, to win		PG. *winnaną				p. van-
vino				n. m.	wine						PG. *wīną
vintico				adj.	windy						vinto + -ico
vinto				n. m.	wind						PG. *windaz
vintro				n. m.	winter						PG. *wintruz				u-stem
vircere				v.		to work, to function		PG. *wirkijaną
visita				n. f.	wisdom						viso + -ita
visa				n. f.	manner, way, mode			PG. *wīsō					also "mood" (grammar)
visere				v.		to show, indicate, display	PG. *wīsijaną
visita				n. f.	wisdom						viso + -ita
visittande			n. m.	wisdom tooth				visita + tande
viso				adj.	wise						PG. *wīsaz
viste				n. f.	nature, essence, being		PG. *wistiz
vistico				adj.	natural						viste + -ico
visula				n. f.	weasel						PG. wisulǭ
vitare				n. m.	knowledge					from verb vitare
vitare				v.		to know						PG. *witaną
vitio				n. m.	intellect, wit, humour		PG. *witją
vitita				n. f.	science						vitare + -ita
vititario			n. m.	scientist					vitita + -ario
vito				adj.	white						PG. *hwītaz
vodansdago			n. m.	Wednesday					PG. *Wōdanas dagaz
volca				n. f.	cloud						PG. *wulkō
vonere				v.		to dwell, to reside			PG. *wunjaną
vonico				adj.	usual, common, normal		vonere + -ico
vonitio				n. f.	dwelling, residence			vonere + -tio
vortbuce			n. m.	dictionary					vorto + buce
vorto				n. m.	word, verb					PG. *wurdą
vortscato			n. m.	vocabulary, lexicon			vorto + scato
vula				n. f.	wool						PG. *wullō
vulfo				n. m.	wolf						PG. *wulfaz
vulino				adj.	woollen						PG. *wullīnaz
vuna				n. f.	joy, delight, delight		PG. *wunjō
vunda				n. f.	wound						PG. *wundō
vundo				adj.	wounded, injured, sore		PG. *wundaz
vundro				n. m.	wonder, miracle				PG. *wundrą
vunscere			v.		to wish						PG. *wunskijaną
vurce				n. f.	power, energy				PG. *wurkijaną
vurme				n. m.	worm						PG. *wurmiz
vurste				n. m.	sausage						PG. *wurstiz
vurstolo			n. m.	hot dog						diminutive of vurste
vurta				n. f.	spice, root, herb			PG. *wurtijō
vurtala				n. f.	root						PG. *wrōts
vurtere				v.		to season, to spice			vurta + -ere
vustina				n. f.	desert, wasteland			PG. *wōstinjō
vustio				adj.	desolate, waste, deserted	PG. *wōstijaz
vutere				v.		to rage						vuto + -ere
vuto				adj.	agitated, furious, mad		PG. *wōdaz
vuto				n. m.	anger, fury					PG. *wōdaz
a-							ad-, be-												see a
contra-						against													see contra
de-							off-, de-												see de
des-						dis- 						Lat. dis
en-							in-														see en
es-							out- ex-					Lat. ex
in-							un-							Lat. īn
per-						for-													see per
por-						fore-													see por
sob-						under, below				Lat. sub
soper-						over, above												see soper
soso-						up-														see soso
-aria						-ery						Lat. -ārius, -āria
-ario						-er							PG. *-ārijaz, Lat. -ārius	also -aria (f.)
-faldico					-fold						PG. *-falþaz
-ico						-ish, -ly					Lat. -icus, part. PG. *-igaz
-ismo						-ism						Lat. -ismus
-ista						-ist						Lat. -ista
-ita						-ity						Lat. -itās
-tio						-tion						Lat. -tiō					-atio 1st conj; -itio 2nd
-tore						forms agent nouns			Lat. -tor					also -trice (f.)