How to make exception

// in folder Exceptions write your Exceptions messages
namespace Vehicles.Exceptions
{
    public static class ExceptionMessages
    {
        public const string NotEnoughFuelMessage = "{0} needs refueling"; // without $

        public const string InvalidVehicleTypeMessage = "Type is not valid";
    }
}


// in folder Models or in folder Factory you throw the exception
//  string exceptionMessage = String.Format(ExceptionMessages.NotEnoughFuelMessage, this.GetType().Name);
//  throw new InvalidOperationException(exceptionMessage);
// or  throw new ArgumentException(String.Format(ExceptionMessages.InvalidVehicleTypeMessage));


// in Engine you catch the exception
       try
         {
         }
       catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
         {
              Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); // "The Fuel is not enough" -  only this one
         }