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International bodies views on veganism plus translations

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Feb 17th, 2020
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  1. German Nutrition Society (DGE)
  2. https://www.ernaehrungs-umschau.de/fileadmin/Ernaehrungs-Umschau/pdfs/pdf_2016/04_16/EU04_2016_Special_DGE_eng_final.pdf
  3.  
  4. - Any diet that does not lead to the intake of adequate levels of essential nutrients and energy is unfavourable. The DGE recommends a diet that includes all groups of foods in the nutrition circle - including animal products.
  5.  
  6. - Special care is needed for groups with special requirements for nutrient supply, e.g. pregnant women, lactating women, infants and toddlers.
  7.  
  8. - On a vegan diet, it is difficult or impossible to ensure adequate supply of some nutrients. The most critical nutrient is vitamin B12. Other potentially critical nutrients on a vegan diet include protein resp. indispensable amino acids and long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), other vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin D) and minerals (calcium, iron, iodine, zinc and selenium).
  9.  
  10. - With some nutrients, a vegan diet without fortified foods or dietary supplements leads to inadequate intake, which may have considerable unfavourable consequences for health.
  11.  
  12. - The risk of nutrient under-supply or a nutritional deficiency is greater in persons in sensitive phases of life, such as pregnancy, lactation and in infants, children and adolescents taking or being given a vegan diet, than in healthy adults on a vegan diet.
  13.  
  14. - Since rejecting any animal foods increases the risk of nutrient deficiencies and thus of health disorders, a vegan diet is not recommended by the DGE during pregnancy or lactation, or for children or adolescents of any age.
  15.  
  16. Swiss Federal Commission for Nutrition
  17. https://www.eek.admin.ch/dam/eek/de/dokumente/publikation-und-dokumentation/EEK_vegan_report_final.docx.pdf.download.pdf/EEK_vegan_report_final.docx.pdf
  18.  
  19. - The positive effects of a vegan diet on health determinants cannot be proven, but there are relevant risks regarding nutritional deficiencies. Children and pregnant women are advised against adopting a vegan diet due to the risks described above.
  20.  
  21. - There is still a lack of data whether the basic nutritional requirements are met and whether the development of children and adolescents fed on a vegan diet is secured on a long-term perspective. These data should be collected and analyzed more systematically. There is in our view up to now no evidence that a vegan diet can be recommended for these age groups
  22.  
  23. - Based on these data, there is no evidence for the position stated in the previous report, that vegan diets are healthy diets, mainly due to the high intake of fruit and vegetables. Possible risks associated with a higher intake of plant-based food (e.g. arsenic or pesticides) need further investigation.
  24.  
  25. Sundhedsstyrelsen (Danish Health Authority)
  26. https://www.sst.dk/da/udgivelser/2018/~/media/2986643F11A44FA18595511799032F85.ashx
  27.  
  28. - Exclusively vegan nutrition for infants and young children (under 2 years of age) is not recommended as it may be very difficult to meet the child's nutritional needs during the first years of life with this diet.
  29.  
  30. French Pediatric Hepatology/Gastroenterology/Nutrition Group
  31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31615715
  32.  
  33. - The current craze for vegan diets has an effect on the pediatric population. This type of diet, which does not provide all the micronutrient requirements, exposes children to nutritional deficiencies. These can have serious consequences, especially when this diet is introduced at an early age, a period of significant growth and neurological development.
  34.  
  35. - Even if deficiencies have less impact on older children and adolescents, they are not uncommon and consequently should also be prevented. Regular dietary monitoring is essential, vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplementation is always necessary, while iron, calcium, docosahexaenoic acid, and zinc should be supplemented on a case-by-case basis.
  36.  
  37. Académie Royale de Médecine de Belgique (Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium)
  38. https://updlf-asbl.be/assets/uploads/ARMB_-_Veganisme_AVIS_COMPLET.pdf
  39.  
  40. - The committee considers that the vegan diet is inappropriate and therefore not recommended for unborn children, children and adolescents, as well as pregnant and lactating women.
  41.  
  42. - Compulsory supplementation, metabolic imbalances and the obligation of medical follow-up, including blood sampling, are therefore not eligible.
  43.  
  44. - Vegetarian diets, if varied and well balanced, can meet the needs of children and adolescents, pregnant and lactating women with a focus on certain supplements, such as calcium for example.
  45.  
  46. The Dutch national nutritional institute, Stichting Voedingscentrum Nederland
  47. https://www.voedingscentrum.nl/Assets/Uploads/voedingscentrum/Documents/Ontwerp_Vegetarisch%20en%20veganistisch%20eten_defLR_2018.pdf
  48.  
  49. - A vegan diet can be adequate but increases the risk for various deficiencies. The report then describes the various risks of deficiencies and how they can be circumvented.
  50.  
  51. - A vegan diet for children can be adequate but is associated with an increased risk of: being smaller and lighter than their peers, worse psycho-motor development and reduced bone density. Help from a professional is advisable.
  52.  
  53. - The literature on the effects of a vegan diet on pregnant women is limited, but the available research indicates that a healthy pregnancy in combination with a vegan diet is possible, under the precondition that the women pay special attention to maintaining a balanced diet.
  54.  
  55. Spanish Paediatric Association
  56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31866234
  57.  
  58. - A vegetarian or a vegan diet, as in any other kind of diet, needs to be carefully designed. After reviewing current evidence, even though following a vegetarian diet at any age does not necessarily mean it is unsafe, it is advisable for infant and young children to follow an omnivorous diet or, at least, an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet.
  59.  
  60. Argentinian Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC
  61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31339288
  62.  
  63. - Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the most serious complications of vegetarianism and its variants. Infants born to vegan mothers are at greater risk of serious deficiency, being more vulnerable to their effects. B12 deficiency is not usually suspected by the pediatrician in healthy infants with neurological symptoms
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