webinar-python-exam-review-2022-01-22

# Exam Review 2022 Jan 22

# LABS
# Ch 3-13
# Ch 14-18 not as important, other than some good labs in Ch 15
# Ch 19-30 just LABS, but important practice!
# Use Submit Mode!!!

# Comp 1 Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# Comp 2: Control Flow Structures
# Basic: if statements, loops, functions
# Adv: try/except and raising errors, classes
# Comp 3: modules, working with files

# Comp 1 Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# OPERATORS
# +
# -
# /
# *
# //
# %
# = # assignment
# == # "equality operator" - asking, condition
# !=
# +=
# -=
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# ** # raise to a power, similar math.pow() or pow()
# # KEYWORDS used like OPERATORS
# not
# in # membership check... if myVar in myList
# and # all must be True
# or # any one makes the combo True

# DATA TYPES
# int
# float
# str
# Boolean
# dict
# list
# tuple
# set # no order, all unique values
# # MODULES
# math
# csv # you don't necessarily need it... read() and readlines() often work just as well

# Comp 2: Control Flow Structures
# Basic
# IF statements... if, if/else, if/elif/else
# LOOPS: WHILE and FOR
# WHILE is basically an IF that repeats until it's no longer True
# FOR loops for going over every value in a container
# for __ in ___:
# for item in myList:
# FUNCTIONS
# defining/writing vs calling
# parameters/arguments vs "regular" or outside variables
# x = 5 # don't do this to parameters
# return vs print()
# functions are modular - they have ONE job
# class methods like str.split() or list.append() are functions

# if name = main
# define functions
# if __name__ = "__main__":
#     myVar = input()
#     myOutput = myFunction(myVar)
#     print(myOutput)

# help() and dir() in Labs and OA!!!
# print('Enter your program here')
# help(str)

# dir() -- Use dir() to zero in
# print(dir(str))

# Call help more specifically
# help(str.rstrip)
# # myString.rstrip() # rstrip() by default!
#
# # BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# input()
# help()
# dir()
# min()
# max()
# len()
# sum()
# range()
# int()
# float()
# str() # ""
# dict() # {}
# list() # [ ]
# set()
# tuple() # ()
# round() # cousins: math.floor(), math.ceil()
# reversed() # compare to list.reverse()
# sorted() # compare to list.sort()

# STRINGS
# Build up larger strings with str.format() or f strings
# CONCATENATION... "this string" + "another string"
# STRING MODULO... print("%s added in this string" % myString)
# string.format()
# "{} is a variable".format(myVar)
# f string
# f"{myVar} is a variable"

# SLICES for strings and list
# myString[start:stop] # myString[start:stop:step]
# myString[::-1]

# STRING METHODS
# myString.format()
# myString.split() # returns a list of smaller strings
# " ".join(myList)
# myString.replace(someSubStr, newSubStr)
# myString.upper() # and other case methods
# myString.isupper() # and other Boolean methods
# myString.strip() # cousins: myString.lstrip() and myString.rstrip()
# myString.count(subStr)

# LIST METHODS
# myList.append(item)
# myList.insert(index, item)
# myList.extend(anotherList)
# myList.pop() # optional arg: index
# myList.remove() # remove by value
# myList.count(item)
# myList.sort() # myList.sort(reverse=True)
# myList.reverse() # compare to sorted() and reversed()

# DICT
# myDictionary[key] # retrieves the value
# myDictionary[key] = value # assign a value for the key
# if __ in myDictionary: # checking the KEYS, NOT the values
# if __ in myDictionary.keys(): # same as above

# SETS
# mySet.add()
# mySet.pop() # random!
# mySet.remove() # remove by value

# MATH
# import math
# math.pow(x, y) # do not confuse with math.exp()
# math.e # logarithmic constant
# math.pi
# math.sqrt()
# math.floor()
# math.ceil()
# math.factorial()

# What's in the data window for input()?
# a string
# another string
# another string
# TEST IT OUT
# print(input())

# Ask you to grab inputs until you see -1
# myVar = input()
# while myVar != "-1":
#     # do stuff
#     myVar = input()

# Comp 3: modules, working with files
# full, normal import
# import wholeModule # import math, import csv... math.floor()
# PARTIAL IMPORT
#from module import thisMethod... from math import floor... floor()
# # ALIASED import
# import wholeModule as mm
# mm.thisMethod()

# OPENING FILES
# good practice: Ch 12 Task 4, 7, 8
# f = open(filename, "r") # "w" for write, "a" for append
# contents = f.read() # get the whole file one big string
# or
# contents = f.readlines() # list of strings, line by line
# f.close()

# with open(filename, "r") as f:
#     contents = f.readlines()
#
# # write back out
# with open(filename, "w") as f:
#     f.write("my string")

# Fibonacci
# 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

def fibonacci(n):
    # return that index of the sequence
    if n < 0:
        return -1
    elif n <= 1:
        return n
    else:
        fibList = [0, 1]
        while len(fibList) < n + 1:
            fibList.append(fibList[-1] + fibList[-2])
        return fibList[n]


print(fibonacci(9))  # 34
print(fibonacci(8))  # 21
print(fibonacci(3))  # 2


# Another cause of bad string output:
print(myVar, end=" ") # don't leave the cursor hanging
print() # give a blank print() so you get a clean line