PlayFair

//Dawid Grzeszuk

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Playfair
{
    public class Program
    {
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var tekstJawny = "Fajnie";
            var zaszyfrowany = Encipher(tekstJawny, "Dres");
            var odszyfrowany = Decipher(zaszyfrowany, "Dres");

            Console.WriteLine($"Tekst jawny: {tekstJawny}\nTekst zaszyfrowany: {zaszyfrowany}\nTekst odszyfrowany: {odszyfrowany}");

        }

        private static int Mod(int a, int b)
        {
            return (a % b + b) % b;
        }

        private static List<int> FindAllOccurrences(string str, char value)
        {
            List<int> indexes = new List<int>();

            int index = 0;
            while ((index = str.IndexOf(value, index)) != -1)
                indexes.Add(index++);

            return indexes;
        }

        private static string RemoveAllDuplicates(string str, List<int> indexes)
        {
            string retVal = str;

            for (int i = indexes.Count - 1; i >= 1; i--)
                retVal = retVal.Remove(indexes[i], 1);

            return retVal;
        }

        private static char[,] GenerateKeySquare(string key)
        {
            char[,] keySquare = new char[5, 5];
            string defaultKeySquare = "ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
            string tempKey = string.IsNullOrEmpty(key) ? "CIPHER" : key.ToUpper();

            tempKey = tempKey.Replace("J", "");
            tempKey += defaultKeySquare;

            for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i)
            {
                List<int> indexes = FindAllOccurrences(tempKey, defaultKeySquare[i]);
                tempKey = RemoveAllDuplicates(tempKey, indexes);
            }

            tempKey = tempKey.Substring(0, 25);

            for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i)
                keySquare[(i / 5), (i % 5)] = tempKey[i];

            return keySquare;
        }

        private static void GetPosition(ref char[,] keySquare, char ch, ref int row, ref int col)
        {
            if (ch == 'J')
                GetPosition(ref keySquare, 'I', ref row, ref col);

            for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
                for (int j = 0; j < 5; ++j)
                    if (keySquare[i, j] == ch)
                    {
                        row = i;
                        col = j;
                    }
        }

        private static char[] SameRow(ref char[,] keySquare, int row, int col1, int col2, int encipher)
        {
            return new char[] { keySquare[row, Mod((col1 + encipher), 5)], keySquare[row, Mod((col2 + encipher), 5)] };
        }

        private static char[] SameColumn(ref char[,] keySquare, int col, int row1, int row2, int encipher)
        {
            return new char[] { keySquare[Mod((row1 + encipher), 5), col], keySquare[Mod((row2 + encipher), 5), col] };
        }

        private static char[] SameRowColumn(ref char[,] keySquare, int row, int col, int encipher)
        {
            return new char[] { keySquare[Mod((row + encipher), 5), Mod((col + encipher), 5)], keySquare[Mod((row + encipher), 5), Mod((col + encipher), 5)] };
        }

        private static char[] DifferentRowColumn(ref char[,] keySquare, int row1, int col1, int row2, int col2)
        {
            return new char[] { keySquare[row1, col2], keySquare[row2, col1] };
        }

        private static string RemoveOtherChars(string input)
        {
            string output = input;

            for (int i = 0; i < output.Length; ++i)
                if (!char.IsLetter(output[i]))
                    output = output.Remove(i, 1);

            return output;
        }

        private static string AdjustOutput(string input, string output)
        {
            StringBuilder retVal = new StringBuilder(output);

            for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; ++i)
            {
                if (!char.IsLetter(input[i]))
                    retVal = retVal.Insert(i, input[i].ToString());

                if (char.IsLower(input[i]))
                    retVal[i] = char.ToLower(retVal[i]);
            }

            return retVal.ToString();
        }

        private static string Cipher(string input, string key, bool encipher)
        {
            string retVal = string.Empty;
            char[,] keySquare = GenerateKeySquare(key);
            string tempInput = RemoveOtherChars(input);
            int e = encipher ? 1 : -1;

            if ((tempInput.Length % 2) != 0)
                tempInput += "X";

            for (int i = 0; i < tempInput.Length; i += 2)
            {
                int row1 = 0;
                int col1 = 0;
                int row2 = 0;
                int col2 = 0;

                GetPosition(ref keySquare, char.ToUpper(tempInput[i]), ref row1, ref col1);
                GetPosition(ref keySquare, char.ToUpper(tempInput[i + 1]), ref row2, ref col2);

                if (row1 == row2 && col1 == col2)
                {
                    retVal += new string(SameRowColumn(ref keySquare, row1, col1, e));
                }
                else if (row1 == row2)
                {
                    retVal += new string(SameRow(ref keySquare, row1, col1, col2, e));
                }
                else if (col1 == col2)
                {
                    retVal += new string(SameColumn(ref keySquare, col1, row1, row2, e));
                }
                else
                {
                    retVal += new string(DifferentRowColumn(ref keySquare, row1, col1, row2, col2));
                }
            }

            retVal = AdjustOutput(input, retVal);

            return retVal;
        }

        public static string Encipher(string input, string key)
        {
            return Cipher(input, key, true);
        }

        public static string Decipher(string input, string key)
        {
            return Cipher(input, key, false);
        }
    }
}