webinar-for-loops-2022-01-08

# 2022 Jan 8
# WEBINAR: For Loops
# We use loops to repeat actions

# a WHILE loop... btw.. is basically an IF statement
# that repeats as long as its condition is true

# FOR LOOPS are used for repeating actions for every element
# in a container like a list, string, tuple, etc...

myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"]
for item in myList:
    print(item)

myTuple = ("Gilligan", "Castaway002", "red", "crew")
for item in myTuple:
    print(item)

myString = "Just sit right back and you'll hear a tale."
for char in myString:
    print(char, end=" ") # don't leave the cursor hanging here though!
print() # next print() starts on a clean line

# dictionaries
# someDictionary = {"key": "value"}
scoobiesDCT = {
    "Scooby": "a blue collar",
    "Shaggy": "green",
    "Velma": "orange",
    "Daphne": "purple",
    "Fred": "an ascot"
}
# myDictionary[someKey]
# myDictionary[someKey] = value
for key in scoobiesDCT:
    print("{} wears {}.".format(key, scoobiesDCT[key])) # str.format()
    # print(f"{key} wears {scoobiesDCT[key]}.") # f string
    # print(str(key) + " wears " + scoobiesDCT[key] + ".") # concatenation with +
    # print("%s wears %s." % (key, scoobiesDCT[key])) # "data conversion specifiers" or "string modulo"

for n in range(0, 5): # range() function creates a list-like container of those numbers
    print("hey")

for i in range(0, len(myList)):
    print("{}: {}".format(i, myList[i]))


# Lab 6.15 Password Modifier
# There are different ways we could approach this one....

word = input()
password = "" # sitting there waiting for us to add the right chars...

# You could just loop over the first string and use a long if/elif/else to check the chars

for ltr in word:
    if ltr == 'i':
        ltr = '1'
        password += ltr
    if ltr == 'm':
        ltr = 'M'
        password += ltr
    if ltr == 'B':
        ltr = '8'
        password += ltr
    if ltr == 's':
        ltr = '$'
        password += ltr
    else:
        ltr == ltr
        password += ltr
password += '!'
print(password)

# OR... this would be a good place to use a dictionary!
newLetters = {
    "i": "1",
    "a" : "@",
    "m" : "M",
    "B" : "8",
    "s" : "$"
    }
for ltr in word:
    if ltr in newLetters: # checking ltr as a key in the dictionary
        password += newLetters[ltr]
    else:
        password += ltr
# and again AFTER the loop...
password += '!'
print(password)

# A great student suggestion here: you could use the str replace() method and not even need to loop
password = word.replace("i", "1")
password = word.replace("a", "@") # and so on...

# Note that since str.replace() RETURNS a string itself, you can daisy-chain those methods:
password = word.replace("i", "1").replace("a", "@").replace("m", "M") #... and so on again!
# just don't forget to add the "!" at the end again

# or combining the dictionary and .replace() approaches
for ltr in word:
    if ltr in newLetters: # checking ltr as a key in the dictionary
        # if you're using the original input variable, don't forget to re-assign!
        word = word.replace(ltr, newLetters[ltr])
# again add the "!" and print

# All of these are good ways to approach this problem!


# Calling help() and dir() in the Labs, Pre, and OA:
help(str) # whole help doc on strings
print(dir(str)) # dir() returns a list, fyi
help(str.find) # so see help on just this method

# Want to weed out the "__" special attributes?
for item in dir(str):
    if not item.startswith("_"):
        print(item)

# help() and dir() are your friends!