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  38. <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Proxy marriage</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
  39. <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div>
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  43. <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p>A <b>proxy wedding</b> or (<b>proxy marriage</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">wedding</a> in which one or both of the individuals being united are not physically present, usually being represented instead by other persons. If both partners are absent a double proxy wedding occurs.</p>
  44. <p>Marriage by proxy is usually resorted to either when a couple wish to marry but one or both partners cannot attend for reasons such as military service, imprisonment, or travel restrictions; or when a couple lives in a jurisdiction in which they cannot legally marry.</p>
  45. <p>Proxy weddings are not recognized as <a href="/wiki/Legally_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Legally binding">legally binding</a> in most <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a>: both parties must be present. Under the <a href="/wiki/English_common_law" class="mw-redirect" title="English common law">English common law</a>, if a proxy marriage is valid by the law of the place where the marriage was celebrated (the <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_loci_celebrationis" title="Lex loci celebrationis">lex loci celebrationis</a></i>) then it will be recognised in England.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></p>
  46. <p></p>
  47. <div id="toc" class="toc">
  48. <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
  49. <h2>Contents</h2>
  50. </div>
  51. <ul>
  52. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
  53. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Legality"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Legality</span></a>
  54. <ul>
  55. <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
  56. <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Other_countries"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other countries</span></a></li>
  57. <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Catholic_Church"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Catholic Church</span></a></li>
  58. </ul>
  59. </li>
  60. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
  61. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
  62. </ul>
  63. </div>
  64. <p></p>
  65. <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
  66. <div class="thumb tright">
  67. <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg/220px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg" width="220" height="292" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg/330px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg/440px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="600" /></a>
  68. <div class="thumbcaption">
  69. <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_052.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
  70. <i>The Wedding by Proxy of Marie de' Medici to King Henry IV</i> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> (1622–25)</div>
  71. </div>
  72. </div>
  73. <p>Beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, European monarchs and nobility sometimes married by proxy. A well-known example more recently involved the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon I of France</a> and the Austrian Archduchess <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a> in 1810. There was another proxy wedding that occurred at Eltham on 3 April, 1402 between Henry IV and Joan, the daughter of Charles II, King of Navarre. Another famous example is the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Mary, Queen of Hungary">Mary, Queen of Hungary</a> to <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis I, Duke of Orléans">Louis I, Duke of Orléans</a> in 1385. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a> wed <a href="/wiki/Arthur,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Arthur, Prince of Wales">Prince Arthur</a> by proxy in 1499. A <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici_cycle#The_Wedding_by_Proxy_of_Marie_de'_Medici_to_King_Henry_IV" title="Marie de' Medici cycle">famous 17th-century painting</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> depicts the proxy marriage of <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a> in 1600. By the end of the 19th century the practice had largely died out.<sup id="cite_ref-tnt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnt-3">[3]</a></sup></p>
  74. <p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, various Internet sites offer to arrange proxy and double-proxy marriages for a fee, although the service can generally be set up by any lawyer in a jurisdiction that offers proxy marriage. <a href="/wiki/Video_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video conferencing">Video conferencing</a> allows couples to experience the ceremony together.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> A unique "space wedding" took place on August 10, 2003 when Ekaterina Dmitriev married <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Malenchenko" title="Yuri Malenchenko">Yuri Malenchenko</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonaut">cosmonaut</a> <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbiting</a> the Earth in the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, by proxy in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas, US</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></p>
  75. <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legality">Legality</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Legality">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
  76. <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
  77. <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, proxy marriages are provided for in law or by customary practice in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Of these, Montana is the only state that allows double-proxy marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-montana_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montana-9">[9]</a></sup> Proxy marriages cannot be solemnized in all other U.S. states.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></p>
  78. <p>In 1924, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Massachusetts" title="United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts">federal court</a> recognized the proxy marriage of a resident of Portugal, where proxy marriages were recognized at the time, and a resident of Pennsylvania, where <a href="/wiki/Common-law_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Common-law marriage in the United States">common-law marriages</a> could be contracted at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-aliens_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliens-11">[11]</a></sup> The Portuguese woman was allowed to immigrate to the United States on account of the marriage, whereas she would have been inadmissible otherwise due to being illiterate.<sup id="cite_ref-aliens_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliens-11">[11]</a></sup></p>
  79. <p>During the early 1900s, United States proxy marriages increased significantly when many Japanese <a href="/wiki/Picture_bride" title="Picture bride">picture brides</a> arrived at <a href="/wiki/Angel_Island,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel Island, California">Angel Island, California</a>. Since the early 20th century, it has been most commonly used in the United States for marriages where one partner is a member of the military on active duty.<sup id="cite_ref-tnt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnt-3">[3]</a></sup> In California, proxy marriage is only available to deployed military personnel. In Montana, it is available if one partner is either on active military duty or is a Montana resident.<sup id="cite_ref-montana_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montana-9">[9]</a></sup></p>
  80. <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_countries">Other countries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Other countries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
  81. <p><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> does not allow proxy marriages within its jurisdiction (§ 1311 <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">BGB</a>). It recognizes proxy marriages contracted elsewhere where this is possible, subject to the usual rules of <a href="/wiki/Private_international_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Private international law">private international law</a>, unless the foreign law should be incompatible with German <a href="/wiki/Ordre_public" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre public">ordre public</a> (art. 6 <i>EGBGB</i>): this is not the case with the marriage by proxy <i>per se</i>, would be if, e. g., the proxy was held responsible for <i>choosing</i> the spouse without further asking rather than only contracting a marriage with a given spouse.</p>
  82. <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Catholic Church">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
  83. <p>Catholic Canon Law permits marriage by proxy, but requires officiants to receive authorization from the local ordinary before proceeding.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></p>
  84. <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
  85. <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
  86. <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns">
  87. <ol class="references">
  88. <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Apt v Apt</i> [1948] P 83; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribunalsdecisions.service.gov.uk/utiac/37750">CB (Validity of marriage: proxy marriage)</a></i> [2008] UKAIT 80</span></li>
  89. <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Christopher Clarkson and Jonathan Hill (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWOcAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA21&amp;lpg=PA21&amp;dq=English+conflict+of+laws+proxy+marriages&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=zcbpI8JurF&amp;sig=ODHjUjwQg10_PjZ43vwYcE1IgPk&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiIsqKzwObMAhUDaz4KHVW9AWkQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&amp;q=English%20conflict%20of%20laws%20proxy%20marriages&amp;f=false"><i>The Conflict of Laws</i></a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p.&#160;21. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199574711" title="Special:BookSources/9780199574711">9780199574711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Conflict+of+Laws&amp;rft.pages=21&amp;rft.edition=4th&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9780199574711&amp;rft.au=Christopher+Clarkson+and+Jonathan+Hill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfWOcAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21%26lpg%3DPA21%26dq%3DEnglish%2Bconflict%2Bof%2Blaws%2Bproxy%2Bmarriages%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DzcbpI8JurF%26sig%3DODHjUjwQg10_PjZ43vwYcE1IgPk%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiIsqKzwObMAhUDaz4KHVW9AWkQ6AEILDAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DEnglish%2520conflict%2520of%2520laws%2520proxy%2520marriages%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProxy+marriage" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
  90. <li id="cite_note-tnt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tnt_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tnt_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Cafazzo, Debbie (2006-06-01). "Marriage by proxy used for ages". Tacoma News Tribune.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Marriage+by+proxy+used+for+ages&amp;rft.date=2006-06-01&amp;rft.aulast=Cafazzo&amp;rft.aufirst=Debbie&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProxy+marriage" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
  91. <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Christenson, Sig (2010-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117052516/http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/With_this_Skype_I_thee_wed.html">"With this Skype, I thee wed"</a>. <i>San Antonio Express-News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/With_this_Skype_I_thee_wed.html">the original</a> on January 17, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=San+Antonio+Express-News&amp;rft.atitle=With+this+Skype%2C+I+thee+wed&amp;rft.date=2010-01-01&amp;rft.au=Christenson%2C+Sig&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mysanantonio.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2FWith_this_Skype_I_thee_wed.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProxy+marriage" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
  92. <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061101183252/http://www.htexas.com/feature.cfm?Story=162">"From Russia With Love"</a>. H Texas magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.htexas.com/feature.cfm?Story=162">the original</a> on 2006-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=From+Russia+With+Love&amp;rft.pub=H+Texas+magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.htexas.com%2Ffeature.cfm%3FStory%3D162&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProxy+marriage" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
  93. <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101003143511/http://www.marriagebyproxy.com/legality.html">Proxy Marriage and US Immigration Laws - Marriage By Proxy</a>". <i>marriagebyproxy.com</i>. S&amp;B Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marriagebyproxy.com/legality.html">the original</a> on October 3, 2010.</span></li>
  94. <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Barry_(reporter)" title="Dan Barry (reporter)">Barry, Dan</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/10/us/10land.html">Trading Vows in Montana, No Couple Required</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 10, 2008.</span></li>
  95. <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://data.opi.state.mt.us/bills/mca/40/1/40-1-301.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100425202053/http://data.opi.state.mt.us/bills/mca/40/1/40-1-301.htm">Archived</a> April 25, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li>
  96. <li id="cite_note-montana-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-montana_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-montana_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/40/1/40-1-301.htm">Section 40-1-301</a>". <i>Montana Code Annotated 2015</i>. Montana Legislative Services. Accessed on May 19, 2016.</span></li>
  97. <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlouiscityrecorder.org/marriage/newmarriage/noproxy.html">"No Marriage By Proxy in Missouri"</a>. <i>stlouiscityrecorder.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=stlouiscityrecorder.org&amp;rft.atitle=No+Marriage+By+Proxy+in+Missouri&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlouiscityrecorder.org%2Fmarriage%2Fnewmarriage%2Fnoproxy.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProxy+marriage" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
  98. <li id="cite_note-aliens-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aliens_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aliens_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"Alien's Marriage by Proxy Held to Give Alien Woman Status of "Wife<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>". <i>Virginia Law Register</i>. <b>10</b> (7): 516–520. November 1924. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1107813">1107813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Virginia+Law+Register&amp;rft.atitle=Alien%27s+Marriage+by+Proxy+Held+to+Give+Alien+Woman+Status+of+%22Wife%22&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=516-520&amp;rft.date=1924-11&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1107813&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProxy+marriage" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
  99. <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation">"c. 1105", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3Z.HTM"><i>Code of Canon Law: Latin-English Edition</i></a>, Washington DC 20064: Canon Law Society of America, 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=c.+1105&amp;rft.btitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%3A+Latin-English+Edition&amp;rft.place=Washington+DC+20064&amp;rft.pub=Canon+Law+Society+of+America&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F__P3Z.HTM&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProxy+marriage" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
  100. </ol>
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  103. <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_marriage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
  104. <ul>
  105. <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/apr2003/a041103a.html">Operation ‘I Do’: Moody AFB Attorneys Help Couple Tie Knot</a></li>
  106. <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marriage.about.com/od/proxymarriages/qt/califproxy.htm">Marriage by proxy in California (limited to military stationed abroad in war or conflicts)</a></li>
  107. <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniset.ca/other/art/32HarvLRev473.html">Ernest G. Lorenzen, "Marriage By Proxy and the Conflict of Laws" (1932)</a></li>
  108. <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proxymarriage.com/index.php/double-proxy-marriage">Double Proxy Marriage in Montana (limited to Montana residents and military stationed abroad in war or conflicts)</a></li>
  109. </ul>
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  231. <ul>
  232. <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokurationsvielse" title="Prokurationsvielse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauung_per_Stellvertreter" title="Trauung per Stellvertreter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ازدواج غیابی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariage_par_procuration" title="Mariage par procuration – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C3%B0gengilsbr%C3%BA%C3%B0kaup" title="Staðgengilsbrúðkaup – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrimonio_per_procura" title="Matrimonio per procura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouwen_met_de_handschoen" title="Trouwen met de handschoen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamento_por_procura%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Casamento por procuração – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Брак по доверенности – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_marriage" title="Proxy marriage – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0" title="การแต่งงานโดยฉันทะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ثالثی شادی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> </ul>
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  239. <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 December 2017, at 03:23.</li>
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