Biggest Cities of the Ottoman Empire in 1593

    1. Kostantiniyye (Istanbul)					1M				(3)
    2. Kahire (Cairo)							200k				(2)
    3. Tebriz (Tabriz)							80k		X		(2)
    4. Cezayir (Algiers)						75k		X		(2)
    5. Bursa									65k		X		(3) 13,000 families x 5
    6. Mekke (Mecca)							50k		X		(2)
    7. Tunus (Tunis)							50k		X		(2)
    8. Halep (Aleppo)							42k		X		(4) 8,430 taxpayers x 5
    9. Kayseri								41k		X		(3) 8,251 taxpayers x 5
    10. Dar al-Jihad (Belgrade)					40k		X		(2) 8,000 households x 5
    11. Şam / Dimask (Damascus)				40k		X		(4) 7,778 taxpayers x 5 + rounded-up
    12. Erdebil (Ardabil)						35k		X		(2/5) Old town 200 ha, 175/ha. Similar to 1500?
    13. Musul (Mosul)							35k		X		(2/5) Old town 200 ha, 175/ha. Similar to 1500?
    14. Revan (Yerevan)						35k		X		(6/7) Old town 200 ha, 175/ha
    15. Şamahı (Shemakhi)						35k		X		(9) 7,000 “well-built” houses x 5
    16. Konstantin (Constantine)					30k		X		(2)
    17. Medine (Medina)						30k		X		(2)
    18. Muha (Mokha)							30k		X		(11)
    19. Diyarbakır								28k		X		(4) 5,717 taxpayers x 5
    20. Edrine (Edirne)							27k		X		(4) 5,480 taxpayers x 5
    21. Dimyat / Dimyad (Damietta)				27k		X		(2)
    22. Ankara								26k		X		(3) 5,344 taxpayers x 5
    23. Hama									25k		X		(2/8) Interpolation
    24. Tilimsan (Tlemcen)						25k		X		(2)
    25. Selanik (Thessaloniki)					23k		X		(4) 4,630 taxpayers x 5
    26. Bulaq									22k		X		(2)
    27. Pürzerrin (Prizren)						22k		X		(1)
    28. Saraybosna (Sarajevo)					22k		X		(4) 4,270 taxpayers x 5 + rounded-up
    29. Bağdat (Baghdad)						20k		X		(4) 3,872 taxpayers x 5 + rounded-up
    30. Kefe (Feodosia)							20k		X		(1)
    31. Tokat									20k		X		(3) 3,868 taxpayers x 5 + rounded-up
    32. Konya								18k		X		(3) 3,764 taxpayers x 5
    33. Ayntab (Gaziantep)						17k		X		(3) 3,448 taxpayers x 5
    34. Urfa (Şanlıurfa)							17k		X		(3) 3,496 taxpayers x 5
    35. Sivas									17k		X		(3) 3,386 taxpayers x 5 + rounded-up
    36. Amasya								16k		X		(14) 3,326 taxpayers x 5
    37. Atina (Athens)							16k		X		(3) 3,203 taxpayers x 5
    38. Kastamonu								16k		X		(3) 3,209 taxpayers x 5
    39. Asyut									15k		X		(2) Over 20,000 in previous century
    40. Bağçasaray (Bakhchysarai)				15k		X		(1)
    41. Basra									15k		X		(4) 2,879 taxpayers x 5 + rounded-up
    42. Burdur								15k		X		(13) 3,093 households x 5, nefer too high
    43. Çorum								15k		X		(13) 2,984 taxpayers x 5 + rounded-up
    44. Filibe (Plovdiv)							15k		X		(1)
    45. İskenderiye (Alexandria)					15k		X		(2) Interpolation, under 20k by 1600
    46. Maraş (Kahramanmaraş)					15k		X		(3) 3,054 taxpayers x 5
    47. Reşid / Reşit (Rosetta)					15k		X		(2) Over 20,000 in previous century
    48. Susa (Sousse)							15k		X		(12)
    49. Tiflis (Tbilisi)							15k		X		(2) 2,000 houses (x5) in 1500s, 20,000 in 1700
    50. Trablusgarp (Tripoli)						15k		X		(2)
    51. Yeni Bazar (Novi Pazar)					15k		X		(10) 3,000 houses x 5
    52. Yaş (Iași)								15k		X		(1)




    53. Aksaray								13k		X		(13) 2,712 taxpayers x 5
    54. Gelibolu								13k		X		(2) Interpolation
    55. Niğde									13k		X		(13) 2,636 taxpayers x 5
    56. Budin (Buda)							12k		X		(1)
    57. Debrecen								12k		X		(1)
    58. Mahalle-i Kübra (El-Mahalla El-Kubra)		12k		X		(18) Likely declining like other Egyptian cities
    59. İslimiye (Sliven)						12k		X		(1)
    60. Kayravan / Kayrevan (Kairouan)			12k		X		(18) Declining, about 18k in last century
    61. Niş (Niš)								12k		X		(17) 2,503 taxpayers x 5
    62. San’a (Sanaa)							12k		X		(2) 2,500 families x 5
    63. Balıkesir								11k		X		(13) 2,170 taxpayers x 5
    64. Barasu / Bozsu (Brașov)					10k		X		(1)
    65. Bükreş (Bucharest)						10k		X		(15)
    66. Cidde (Jeddah)							10k		X		(16) Old town ~60 ha, 175/ha
    67. Harput (Elazığ)							10k		X		(13) 2,005 taxpayers x 5
    68. Karaman								10k		X		(13) 2,048 taxpayers x 5
    69. Kudüs (Jerusalem)						10k		X		(2)
    70. Malatya								10k		X		(19) 1,650 taxpayers in 1560, assume increased
    71. Niğbolu (Nikopol)						10k		X		(4) 2,131 taxpayers x 5
    72. Sonbor (Sombor)						10k		X		(1)
    73. Târgoviște								10k		X		(20) Still Wallachian capital, taking higher Bairoch estimate
    74. Trabzon								10k		X		(14) 2,122 taxpayers x 5
    75. Usküb (Skopje)							10k		X		(1)

    • (0) https://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/estcit/estcit.htm – Average population density per hectare about 175 to 190 people
    • (1) https://ssh.datastations.nl/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.17026/dans-xzy-u62q
    • (2) https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan
    • (3) https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632058
    • (4) https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/172847
    • (5) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Niebuhr1778bd2_Mosul.jpg/220px-Niebuhr1778bd2_Mosul.jpg
    • (6) https://yhm.am/archives/13442?lang=en#:~:text=Study%20shows%20that%20during%2016,and%20consisted%20mostly%20of%20Armenians.
    • (7) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yerevan_map_by_Tamanyan_1924.jpg
    • (8) https://www.academia.edu/50825475/Homs_historical_social
    • (9) https://archive.org/details/narrativeoftrave02evli/page/160/mode/2up?view=theater
    • (10) https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80#%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0
    • (11) https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokka_(Stadt)
    • (12) https://ia601404.us.archive.org/29/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf, page 901
    • (13) https://mehmetkuru.carto.com/tables/urban_population_1/public
    • (14) https://www.jstor.org/stable/162549?read-now=1&seq=31#page_scan_tab_contents
    • (15) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest#Demographics
    • (16) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahbub-Rashid-2/publication/277090021/figure/fig2/AS:294466230472708@1447217628387/A-map-of-the-Old-City-of-Jeddah-with-important-streets-suqs-buildings-and.png
    • (17) https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0#14%E2%80%9417._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA
    • (18) https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/europe-populationurbanareas500-1500.asp
    • (19) https://www.academia.edu/36856334/Tahrir_Kay%C4%B1tlar%C4%B1na_G%C3%B6re_16_Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1lda_Malatyada_Ermeni_N%C3%BCfusu_Armenian_Population_in_Malatia_in_the_16th_Century_According_To_Cadastral_Registers
    • (20) https://github.com/JakeRuss/bairoch-1988