The Phoenicians in Haiti and on The American Continent

The Phoenicians
in
The Island of Haiti
and on
The American Continent

The Vessels D’Hiram and the Salomon
On the Amazon River

By Vicomte Onffroy De Thoron
“Don Enrique”

Published in 1889

Translated by
Matt Ferguson
&
Stephanie Merat

NOTE: We found this book while doing research and thought it was important enough to give it a translation from French to English. We'll be updating it as we progress, fixing any mistakes as well. Otherwise, this book gives a whole new history to the discovery of the American continent, and it's ties to the old world, enjoy.


Link to the original book:
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2046282/f2.item


To his Excellence Mr. Ramon Fernandez
Extraordinary envoy and very powerful minister of Mexico

Mr. Minister,
	I’m dedicating my book to you, “The Phoenicians in Haiti and on the American Continent”, I’m accomplishing a very natural duty; since your excellency is in France, the representative of the republic of Mexico, the most important of the central part of the new world states. Bringing the proofs that this great continent, in particular Mexico, had in the antiquity some Phoenician colonies, I am throwing some new light onto the ancient history of your country, with the conviction, that if historians of America were to adopt the method that I practice they would dissipate the darkness that still envelopes the traditions and origins of the Eastern migrations that, since prehistoric time up to the middles ages, were in succession across the Atlantic. The study of the Hebraic language, which is the same of the Canaanites or Phoenician, allowed me to realize, that with numerous proofs, the conquests of the Phoenicians and their decedents on the island of Haiti and in Mexico. I have the honor to tell Your Excellency that the starting point of my research has always been the traditions that I have confirmed through linguistics.
	Publishing my book in Your Excellency’s absence, who is in Mexico, I assume full responsibility for its content. I wrote it with conviction, then the American studies demand the fight against the anti-American side taking, The fight of the truth against the mistakes of false theories, and the myths, the struggle of progress against resistance and malevolence: it is in a word, the struggle between light and dark. Thus, I beg your Excellency, who loves what serves to the illustration of his nation, to be indulgent about the mistakes in my book, and to only consider the goal that I set myself, through the development of historic and scientific proofs that make strong.
	I have the honor to be, Mr. Minister, of Your Excellency the very respective and devoted servant.

Vic Onffroy De Thoron



Preface
	The savant Brewer of Bourbourg, who’s life was too short for the progress of American science, after much research and remarkable writing on old Mexico; among others, who published a volume with the title “Four Letters on Mexico”. You can read on page 367.. “We will have the Antlantic Ocean before us. With out fear. Crossed it with Mr. Onffroy De Thoron.”. This savant had anticipated that my explorations on the American continent would produce some happy results from the linguistic point of view, of the history and geography of the new world. Indeed, in a writ published in Geneva in 1869, under the auspice of the Geographic Society of that city, I attracted the attention of the savants by my discoveries of the “Tri-annual Voyages of the Flotilla of the Salomon and the Hiram on the Amazon River” in which all the mariners were Phoenicians. There you find the regions of Ophir, Tarschich, and Parvaim; and the Phoenicians extracted great riches. There does not exists today a copy of this interesting publication, and since its in high demand, there is a need to reprint a new edition that will be augmented and improved, following the new documents and investigations done in my voyage on the Amazon river, who before they were conquered by the Portuguese, bore the name of Soliman (Solomon).
	My second discovery: in the primitive language, whose name is Kichua, is still spoken in South America, and the most extraordinary fact that happened in the history of linguistics, and proven by my clear and precise demonstrations, that, like a blow directed at the teaching and science of Michel Breal,  Oppert and Renan, left them inert and mute. In the same year (1886), I published my book “Grammar and Dictionary French-Kichua”. The Kichua and hebraic languages, which precedes it, are those that facilitated my first discoveries in the Amazons and several other places after that.
	This book that I’m publishing today and finished in 1887 under the name “The Phoenicians in Haiti and on the American Continent”, leads to the knowledge of my third historic discovery. To these main discoveries, if God prolongs my old age, I hope I can ad other ones that are the consequence of the discoveries. To the American studies undertaken separately by a few savants, I therefore bring new elements of life and the totality of all our work will soon be able to form a brilliant historical beam to the glory of the New World. Also my followers and I should hope for a good outcome and even the endorsements of enlightened people, particularly ones from America that bear a patriotic interest to the development of the American studies, as in everything that goes in the way of progress.
	The formation of a Central Initiative Committee for historical research is more desirable, because there is a necessity to react to the hostile spirit of the anti-Americanists and against the side taken by some professors known to be savants even at the College De France. Inscription (1), rejection a priori and without examining the documents of the American antiquity, Denying the sources of new enlightenment, that the true savant receives with satisfaction with the interest of science. But next to this one, there is outdated routine, of the vain one, who fears everything that is superiority to him, adding un-loyal fraud to injustice, he makes sure to conceal the enlightened work that offends or those that criticize his teaching. But the light does come through: the one that rises and shines in the west: e vespere vera lux.
	Our first thought was to stick to the proofs of the Phoenicians on the island of Haiti, but we recognized soon enough the necessity to realize the passage of this people on the American continent, because of certain details our readers will see in our book that give added strength to our demonstrations regarding Haiti; this is why we have introverted the natural or of the history of the Phoenician migration, briefly pointing out those that were on the American continent making the introduction to the ones in Haiti, first point of concentration of the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, that walked at the directions of Chiefs whose names and exploits have been revealed by antique documents found in Mexico. We are reserving some other documents and engraved Phoenician inscription that were discovered in the New World for later publication. We then constitute the reality of the ancient history of America, and at the same time we destroy the wrong ideas that a certain number of people have about navigation and the link that exists between the ancient people of the two hemispheres that separate the Atlantic Ocean.
	As we have approached this, we will demonstrate, even briefly, that Mexico, since the most ancient time, was partially colonized by Canaanites and Phoenician migrants. But it is certain that before them existed aboriginal populations with whom the peoples coming from the east integrated successively. We obtained the proof that several American languages contained Phoenician or Hebrew, Sanskrit, Greek, Celtic, and ancient Egyptian. However, the greater number of the new world dialects do not have anything in common with the imported languages and their origin remains unknown. There is no possibility today what so ever to reunite the primordial elements:  therefore the obligation to keep our research within the traditional limits, verbal or written, that enable us to draw out the ancient history of America and its islands. However, you can go back to a distance source, even antediluvian. That’s what I already did in 1869, publishing in Geneva a writ on the “Ocean Navigation in Antiquity” and taking as the starting point the narration by Plato, from Critias, his elder, who had studied in Egypt. This narration not only embraces numerous details about the great Atlantis island, that disappeared in the diluvian cataclysm; and as well, detailing the description of the immense maritime power of Atlantis, Plato tells of a formidable invasion of the Pelasgians with an army composed of Atlanteans and the war of the great terra firma (America) submitted to their domination. This invasion was pushed back by the people who had inhabited the territory then, that became with time, the territory of the Scythes, the Palagians, and the Greeks. The decisive battle that delivered them from the grip of Atlantis, and took place where Athens is now. I am adding that the memory of this memorable victory, when the name Atina became Athena, this discovery that is personal to me I owe to the study of the Kichua language in Peru, which is the primitive language, the same one that got lost with the dispersion of Bable. However, In Kichua, the  verb ati is to vanquish and Atin is vanquished: from which the feminine substantive Atina “the victorious” is given to the city of Athens; which is the same statue that was honored under the name Pallas; also from the Kichua language Palla “virgin or a young queen” that the Romans called Minerve. Since we’re mentioning the Romans, lets recall the origin of the foundation of Rome, or, with a blow from a rock, Romulus kills Remus: rock in Kichua is roumi or romi; the seeming origin of the name of the town says Roma. Roma reminds us at the same time of the homicide of Romulus and the fundamental rock of Rome, its etymology is like that of Athens, due to the “primitive language” and about which I’m publishing this work, containing incontestable proof of the existence of antediluvian language that we thought lost but that I had found.
	But, lets go back to Plato. Given the geographical position of the extension of Atlantis, whose name remains with the Ocean, it tells us that beyond this island existed great and numerous islands (The French Carribbean); that beyond these was the great Terra Firma (America). What was just mentioned as Terra Firma says Critias, is a real and vast continent; and so, you we can not doubt, Plato adds, that beyond this Terra Firma is the Great Sea, that we call these days the Great Ocean. The result from these justified traditions is that centuries before the Phoenicians, the two oceans of America had been known and frequented by the Atlantans and it’s existence was known to the Egyptians.
	Concerning Mexico and the antiquity of its population, we find the debris from the Aztecs already rare as it is, are claimed to be the ancestors to the other peoples of Mexico. The name Aztec needs to attract our attention since its etymology is completely Phoenician, 1st az or haz, is derived from Hazaz, pierce through, pierce with an arrow: therefore az or Hatz, arrow; 2 teq, from the verb taqa and teqe, wound, hit, shove or stick in the arrow wound. This simple etymological table demonstrates sufficiently that Aztec is of Canaanite origin and secondly that this people made use of the arrow, either for its subsistence or for warfare, and we suppose following their lifestyle, the aztec were more nomadic or cultivators of land; but they must have been the first Canaanites that arrived in America. In the first chapter that will follow we will demonstrate following the order of traditions, the migrations to Mexico were the Canaanites or Phoenicians or Carthaginians, since they’re the same people; but as you get closer to the Christian era, there is less obscurity in their history and the chain of events especially in the Yucatan. What ever it made be, except for the Tzendale language, that I consider Phoenician; the other Phoenician dialect were absorbed in the mix with the many other people and aboriginal tribes in Mexico that allied with the immigrants that were submitted like them to the fatal laws of dispersion caused by the invasion and the successive attacks of the new invaders, coming from the North, or by sea from the eastern shore. The emigrants that came from the North, who had been deprived from the sun, afflicted, in their march, when they did not see the morning star rise, but at dawn they would see the sun and dance in front of him.
	We read in the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Kiche (the Kiche are Mexican and the Kichua are Peruvian): “They turned their faces to the sky and wondered what they came all the way here to do so far away from home. Over there lives happy people black and white; soft was the language of these people and they were strong and intelligent. But there are some countries under the sky and some men whose faces you don’t see; they don’t have a house, they don’t have a home, they run up and down the mountain senselessly insulting the language of these people” The sacred book recounts thus of the invasion of the Hebrews of the country of Canaan and indicated the cause of their expatriation; and to leave no doubt as to whether or not they were from the East, the sacred book says “Thus spoke those from over there, who can see the sun rise”

Warning
	In our book: “The Primitive Language”, we have already learned that after 500 years of captivity, the Jews no longer had a proper language, adopting the Canaanite language, which is Phoenician; it is this that vulgarized the hebraic language. These decedents of Heber did not write and adopted the Chaldean characters, which today we call Hebraic characters. More than 600 years before Christianity, they spoke more Phoenician than Hebrew; that is why their veritable pronunciation of vowels is obscure. But our discoveries of the Phoenicians at the island of Haiti and in Mexico with a portion of their language, we possibly provide a more exact manner in the  pronunciation created by the Masoretes (Medieval Jewish linguistic scholars) of Tiberias of the 5th century that the Christians and the Samaritans rejected. Yet, in our writing, we have reproduced the pronunciation of the Masoretes, which is from the Hebrew Dictionary, so that we can compare it with Haitian. When we pronounce the Haitian dialect, it is generally softer than the Hebrew books, the final consonant of a Hebrew word, especially when its breathy and hard, is removed from the dialect of Haitian Phoenician.

Chapter 1
The Tradition

	The ancient verbal traditions contain the first data of the history of nations; they precede the tradition of writing and, like these, they perpetuate through the ages; they recount, in general, the origins of the people, the heroic action of their warriors, and they contain marvelous feats that touch the supernatural or mix in fiction contrary to reason; they transmit to us the cosmogonic memories, the origin of various religious denominations, they assist us with the scenes of dismal and frightening convulsions of the globe, finally we find traces of these migrations of the successive population up to far away seas: all of this, as we see, is of great historical and geographical interest.
	However, if the legendary facts of a people get mixed up with ingenuous fables, rude or ridiculous, which surround them with obscurity, good sense can do justice in the separation: then we see the field of investigation in which we need to penetrate to discover the truth. This investigation obliges us to to always examine the language of the people that comes with tradition, and from then on, using compared Philology, we follow the traces of this people all over; to this language it suffices to reconnect some other language living or dead, having an obvious parentage backed up by the numerous examples of identity or analogy, that can justify the origin of their community. By the philological comparison, the affinity of language make probable the affinity of the human race, since it follows in all of its migrations, its revolutions and transformations: and then, in time, the ethnology comes to fall in line with the philology and confirms the evidence or indications.
	So many historical problems contained in the writings of the authors of antiquity! We will end up solving them , if we follow their clues and seek what is real in their tradition. To reconstruct the history of a people, we must recover their barbaric origin, if possible, because writing and scriptures come after the verbal tradition; which is why the latter must be contemplated with full penetration of reason; however the most important results will be obtained for the benefit of history.
	Personally for ourselves, we owe several of our historical discoveries to our method, which consists of taking a starting point of  the written or verbal tradition; in this, we have only been imitating the immortal Christopher Columbus, who was well learned and who knew, not only by the indications by multiple navigators, but also by the tradition, the existence of the great continent situated west of the Atlantic and quoted by the narrators or the scribes of antiquity, whose names are Critia, Plato Solon, Silene, Theopompo, Aristotle, Cicero, Strabon, Eratosthenes, Macrobe, Mela, Scylax, AElianus, Pline, Statius Sebosus, Posidonius, Festus Avienus, Diodore de Sicile, Plutarch and Sylla, Seneque and many more. Among these names there are those whose work is missing or fragmented; but their narrations relate to many other authors. Christopher Columbus certainly acquired the conviction that beyond the Ocean, there was a continent that was already known in most ancient times; but he owed his glory to the undertaking of crossing the ocean, using the lost route of the navigators of antiquity. Thus tradition is of utmost importance for the one who conducts historical research; there we must find our first data for our studies. It is in this way we must tread this path.
	In effect, if we follow Christopher Columbus to the island of Haiti, at the time of its discovery, we find the traditions of the Caribbean islanders: they recounted to the Spanish missionaries, that in the past a people came from the eastern ocean, and took possession of the island; but afterwards, an army of Caribbeans came from Terra Ferme, massacred the first possessors of the island of Haiti, but spared the women. There is a double historical tradition: one where a people of the East and one of the women escaping massacre. So, the Spanish missionaries supposed that the navigators came in an ancient time from the east, could only be the Phoenicians or the Carthaginians; but they did no research to establish their opinion and, up to today, no one has thought to examine this tradition; because we could consider Americanists, who could see as fanciful, not only the origin, but also the emigration of the Phoenicians or Carthaginians to America or its islands. The origins of the first Haitians however merit research, and to do it seriously I took possession of the verbal traditions of the Caribbeans. Especially considering that which consists in the preservation of the women saved in the massacre “these women, I said to myself, must have introduced their language to the new conquerors.” To resolve the problem of the double tradition of the Haitian islanders, it suffices to study their language a little and to see if  Hebrew, or Phoenician, had been mixed in. I was naturally driven to read the writings of the Spanish who participated or assisted to the  discovery and conquest of America;  I then consulted the narrations of the  successors up to the taking of the island of Haiti by France, and finally learning the terms of the Caribbean language of this island which is also known by the name Taino.

The books of Fernando Colomb, of Petrus Martyr d’Anghiera, of Navarete, of Bacri, of Gonzoleze Hernando, of Oviedo and Valdes, of Herrera, of Ramusio, d’Acosta, of Lopez Gomara, of Nunez of the Vega, of Gregorio Garcia, of Ordonez, of Cabrera, of Romain Pane, of Bezoni and, in last place, is of Raymond Breton, of Robertson, of Jean Mocquet, of Charlevoix and Carl Martius etc. have passed in front of my eyes; of each one of these authors, having extracted the Caribbean words that they found, I can do a comparison of the hebraic or Phoenician languages.

	My success was complete, since the refined Taino of the common Caribbean, is a Phoenician dialect, which we will see in my philological demonstrations. For this arduous task, I settled for the rare documents held in our French libraries. It’s therefore 395 years after the discovery of the French Caribbean, that it was up to me to confirm or affirm these traditions and to undertake this historical work, today published as ““The Phoenicians in Haiti and on the American Continent”. I am giving it up to the meditations of the erudite who seek to reconstitute the history of the Atlantic people; they will recognize that we are not allowed a priori, to reject without examination, even the traditions of the savages wherever they come from, and benefit our history.
	The Phoenician colonies in Numidia and along the eastern coast of Africa, date back to 1490 BC: it is around that time that the Canaanites ( Phoenicians) mistreated or expelled by Joshua, took off for the African coast. Tangiers was one of their landing points; since Procope ( Vandal.I.II) recounts that in his time (VI th C. AD) we could find close to this city two rock monoliths engraved by inscriptions that demonstrated that the people that Joshua , son of Nun, had chased away from their country. Salluste ( Jugurtha wars) said that he got out of the archives of the Numidia kings the following piece of information: “That the Phoenicians chased away from heir motherland, had come to establish some colonies on the coast of Africa, building cities.” Their descendants, the Carthaginians, founded several cities as well off the coast of Libya on the Ocean side; in 800 B.C. the  Carthaginian admiral Hanno, embarked on 60 ships, thirty thousand people of the two sexes to serve as a foundation for these cities. Located by the sea, their populations imitating their ancestors the Phoenicians, had to gone to settle in the Caribbean and on the American continent; since during the Punic wars they completely disappeared from the African coast. Our opinions finds support in the writing of P.F. de Cabrerea (of Guatemala); because it assures the Carthaginians founded an American colony during the first Punic war. After Ordonez, the Tzequils who followed the emigrations of the Shans, were the Carthaginian race. The foundation of Carthage by Didon, princess Tyrienne, had taken place between 984 and 884 before the Christian era and Phoenician Hercules, son of an Egyptian, who participated. (Footnote by author: There was another Greek Hercules, and that one was the author of Phyrgian letters see our Appendix B.) During admiral Hanno, in 880 (B.C.) explored the south Atlantic, Pytheas navigated by the north and along the island, we then named Thule.
	The Carthaginians became masters of the sea, blocking the straits of Gibraltar (also known as Gades or Cadix) for three centuries,  to prevent the Greek and the Tyrrhenians from access to the western ocean where they reserved an asylum in case of the destruction of Carthage. Aristotle said that the Carthaginian senate decreed capitol punishment to those who try and cross the Atlantic to reach the country discovered beyond the Atlantic by the Carthaginians.
	There is no doubt that the Tyrrhenians knew of the existence of those lands of the western ocean; we don’t know if they tried to settled down there, but it seems certain that the Greeks had established American settlements before the foundation of Carthage: we can testify of the narration in Greek of Theopompos, reproduced in latin by Aelianus (Hist. 3) and in those of the Roman General Sylla (Plutarch), by the first account, Hercules visited the Greeks, by Maropas, however, those living across from Libya in the territories inhabited today by the Tandis Brazilians while Sylla leads the same Hercules up to the hyperborean or saturnian seas, on the Cronian continent, where the Greeks lived; therefore they went to the north and south of the Americas (see appendix B). During the blockade of the strait  for three hundred years, the Greeks isolated in the middle the barbarians disappeared; but their language mixed in with the American languages, as we remark in our appendix. This present writing is focusing on the Phoenicians, we wanted to mention, in passing, a Greek tradition, that could be used to shed light on certain points on the primitive history of the Greeks, and the origin of heir divinities unknown to Hesiod or Homer. But lets say right away that the Kichua language contains with its historic value, the etymologies of the main Greek divinities.
	Regarding the Phoenicians, who first settled in Haiti, and then founded some colonies or cities on the American continent, went through the island of Cuba’s western tip which is very close to Terra Firma. The name Cuba in Hebrew or Phoenician means “tent, shelter” which proves that the emigrants stay was only temporary. The Carthaginians, in turn, followed the traces of their predecessors, at the head, we mention the chief and legislator Votan; from which we found in Mexico a manuscript in Tzendal language which is a Phoenician dialect; since "Tsen", is a chain mail, the shield used to protect the body; then you have "tsan", migrant, and "dal" or "dhal", "tirnuit", "fugit": Tsendal therefore meant "careful warriors" and "timid fugitive emigrants". Votan claims to be a descendant of "Chivim", he says it’s from the race of the snakes; he is snake because he is "Chivim". Indeed, Chivim has its Phoenician homophonic "Shiphim", which signifies snake, but chivim has another plural homophonic  "chivi" or "hivi", who are the people "Cheveen" or "Heveen" people mentioned in the bible; however, per the historian Petrus Mertyr D’Angheir, the people of Haiti were named "Chivi": Votan was from the same origin, since he said himself he was a descendent of the Chivim.

—————————————————————————Part 2 below
	The name Votan also sounds the same as "photan" which signifies the Serpent, like shiphim: from which it results that his character is a double serpent and for this reason he has as a symbol written in hieroglyphic SS that represents uncoiled snakes advancing; because the serpent, in his path always has his head high. The hieroglyph that symbolizes the travels of Votan on the old continent, corresponds with Z Phoenician and with "zain" Hebrew, uncoiled serpent, with it’s head high. After the Spanish commentators, whence the hieroglyph SS in the manuscript of Votan is laid down or horizontal, it indicates the Americas; meaning the country of arrival or the goal of the accomplished voyage. Let’s note that Hebrew "Z" permutes with samech "S"; that this one represents the serpent coiled and at rest. The preceding observations, it’s results are that (z) corresponds to S like (s) corresponds with.....

(TRANSLATOR NOTE: I can't figure out how to put the ancient lettering up for this as it doesn't cut and paste, but you can see the lettering at the top of the page in this link: https: //gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2046282/f20.item )

The two "samech", in their turn, pronounced "sous", signifying “cheval” (Horse); however, the horse was the emblem of the Carthaginians. The closeness of these diverse symbols are notable and expressive; because they indicate that the Chevian Votan was a central ruler of the Carthaginians; but his true name is still hidden in the pseudonym which is signified by the serpent.
	Vaton said that he had 19 other rulers under his command, that managed the first emigrants, by the name of "Shan"; however, in Hebrew Than is equal to "than", and both terms signify “serpent”; and this shows that these emigrants were also followers of the serpent.
	The use of the three different terms, Shan, Shivim (Shiphim) and Votan (Photan) which are synonyms, without a doubt served the intentions of the Mexican legislature.
	Votan says again that he had four voyages of Valoum Votan and Valoum Chivim and in passing, he visited the residence of the thirteen serpents; the symbol of Haiti, where you can find caves where they sculpted the images of serpents and it’s even a probability that in the sacred caves, where some one kept alive thirteen snakes. The number thirteen must have a meaning we don’t know about; but the living and emblematic serpents had to be kept alive with care, like we can see today in some regions in Switzerland, where they keep live animals that symbolizes those diverse regions (translator note: like a state bird). Mr. Brasseur de Bourbourg says that two wooden statues, each with coiled snakes carved into them, were offered to Christopher Columbus, by the indigenous people, in his second voyage to the Caribbean.
	As to the starting point of Votan to go from Libya to the Caribbean and is named Valoum, we have discovered on a map of Ptolemy: east of Tangiers, to the straights of Gibraltar, is a river named Valoun; with out a doubt that close to the mouth of the river existed a port of departure. To remember this country, Votan founded the city of Valoum Votan in Mexico (Translators note: haven’t been able to find a city by that name yet). Mr. Brasseur de Bourbourg says that around the Cuicad Real de Chiapas, he visited some ruins that were named Valoum Votan where as Valoum Chivim was a colony of the Heveens or Cheveens, of those who inhabited Haiti, since Petrus Martyr d’Anghiera said, the people was named Chivi.
	On speaking of the serpents and their followers, we are reminded of the existsence of symbolic monuments of representing, the etching of the serpent on the ground in Northern Africa; the one in Abury England, and in America the one in Ohio close to the Brush-Creek river (Adam’s County) which is highly significant, because there is an immense serpent featured, partly coiled, and partly uncoiled, it is wavelike (NOTE: or undulating); it’s mouth open swallowing (NOTE: can also mean engulfed) an oval enclosure, in which center you can see a small isolated oblong burial mound. Depending on the was we see this, the undulations or folds of the body of the snake represent the movement of the ocean waves that will swallow the enclosure, and the central island that are oblong. This monument could be the emblematic memory of the Atlantis swallowed by the sea, as well as any other cataclysm. The great geological revolutions of the primitive times, terrorize the people who in order to ward them off, worshiped the snake that had become the symbol of the undulating convulsions of the globe. This finds the explanations of the power of the serpent that is considered the arbiter of the destinies of the world; indeed, if we read the Indian (INDIA) cosmogony, we can see that Vishnu comes down from the abyss and brings up Murto (the earth); which produced a snake and tortoise; Vishnu then puts the snake on the back of the turtle and Murto (the earth) on the back of the serpent: we then understand how terror was inspired by the serpent that supporting the Earth could at it’s will cause cataclysms on Earth and at sea.
	On the other hand, the eclipses of the sun always cause terror to the primitive people, ignorant and superstitious: this is also seen among the wild Americans and the Kanaks of the great Ocean, who believed that the luminary of the day is devoured by a great serpent. The phenomenon of an eclipse therefore was one of the causes of worship to the serpent in the same time as the sun: that is why the Canaanites adored the sun under the effigy of the serpent and the serpents themselves, as reported by Vossius. Thus, Votan, with Canaanite  origins, is not the creator of the prehistoric cult of the serpent, who must go back four thousand years; but it was; in it's own time, a religious tradition of antiquity of the primitive people whose symbolic monuments are the memories of convulsions, destruction and successive renovations and reconstitutions of the Earth. The geological studies has confirmed that our planet has been overturned many times. In the first time period of these disruptions of the Earth was uninhabitable for the human species; but the first generations that appeared, were present in the appalling cataclysms so they pass on the traditions. The same generations of men of prehistoric times would have been the witnesses of strange astronomical phenomenons, meteoric or atmospheric or such as those of darkness in the place of day. The great diluvian cataclysms were accompanied by prolonged darkness: as compared to, the Ogyges deluge had a night lasting nine months. In Mexico, there is a tradition of a night that lasted for 25 years, during which the sun seemed to rise by intervals and the Earth was then covered in thick vapors (NOTE: this could also be steam). Among the Greeks they have the darkness of Jupiter and Xenophanes, as Plutarch told us, assures us that the sun disappeared for a whole month. In biblical times, do we not see that Egypt would have been plunged into darkness during three days and that this was the ninth plague with which Moses smote the Egyptians? This darkness was so thick that you couldn't move to a different place.
	The serpent, manifesting its frightening strength, personified therefore the sun and the sea. This snake became Typhon in Egyptian, the Python in Greek, which name borrows from Hebrew or Phoenician peten, plural pitonim, serpent, viper. Among all of the people without distinction, the serpent personified the Demon, the perversity, the destruction and is regarded as being the cause of the evils that afflict humanity. Typhon was the enemy of Horus (The sun) and fought against him; but Horus (the good principle) vanquished Typhon (the bad principle) and was drowned in the Sirbon lake. In this regard, Plutarch, (in Isis and Osiris), says that the defeat of Typhon means the retirement of the waters and the reappearance of land. Apolla, who we identify with the sun, kills the serpent Python; Ophion, the ruler of demons (In Lucien) and whose name in Greek means serpent, was defeated by Saturn which drove out all of the demons from the sky. Finally, according to the Chaldeans, after Plutarch, a time will come that Arimanius, author of the plague, of the famine and other illnesses, will be defeated by Oromaze representing the good principle: it is this doctrine that Zoroaster spread in Persia. In the book of Genesis, Eve having been tricked by the serpent, God then cursed and sentenced him to eat the Earth all the days of his life; then he said that the woman will be its enemy and he will break his head. In Egypt, the rod of Aaron changes into a serpent that immediately devours the snakes of the Egyptian magicians. In the time of Bacchus, the serpent was again an object of terror; because Homer tells that the Tyrrenians (NOTE: of Tyre) wanting to make Bacchus a captive who was at sea, the masts, the antennas and the rams of the vessel had changed into serpents and the Tyrrenians hurled them into the sea. But, with time, the image of the serpent, went far to inspire terror and became a genie of evil, and becoming an emblem of familiar use: because the Israelites had a bronze serpent whose single view cured the bite of snake. Mercury had two serpents on his caduceus and Bacchus of Tyre was ornamented by serpents. Regarding Votan, who led us on to the historical and mythological citations, he himself confesses in his own manuscript that he is but the third Votan (photan- serpent), but the first who went to Mexico to populate the land, and there, would have been the organizer of the cult of the serpent.
	When Cortez left for Mexico, the native chroniclers say that, in antiquity, there came a giant and robust people to their country by the name of "Kiname", This name has two Semitic etymologies: 1 kin, cudit ferrum (in latin ferrum means any weapon, all metal), he strikes with a sword, "inâ", it oppresses, violent fact, or the Greek "ivos" (inos), muscles, muscular force, and "ami", people, nation. The Kinames were thus a robust people, dreadful oppressors; 2 the etymology which might reveal the origin of these people: because, on Kéni, name of the people Kenite or Kineen, (the race of Canaanites), connected to the Midianites and lived in the middle of the Amaleks; then "ami", nation. After the second etymology the Kinames were canaanites and their antiquity cannot go beyond that of the latter, which goes back 2,300 B.C..  Saul, having the purpose of cutting the Amaleks into pieces, ordered the Kineans to separate themselves of the Amaleks; they obeyed in this occasion, and they were spared. However, Saul existed towards the year 1100 before the Christian era. The Kinames emigrated during this epoch and the year 1,000 (NOTE: BC); but there is a reason to believe that their first migration was much older; because they preceded the arrival of the Chichimec. They lived off the products of their hunting, normally having contracts in their long and arduous walk; because, they came from North of America, the country of the shadow where they do not see the sun; they had therefore landed and lived under the foggy sky of the boreal lands, and they traveled towards the middle (NOTE: equator), to find a climate more forgiving and attractive, and the clarity of the sun, which reminded them of the East.The narrations of Sahagun and of Torquemada are contradictory: because one represents the Chichimec as a barbarous people, while the other shows that they were the most civilized people of antiquity. We absolutely share the latter opinion.; because it conforms with the Phoenician etymology with Chichimec, who is in the term chachim, sapiens, magus, peritus; and mag, magus, potens. We see that these two nouns have the same meaning of sage, wise, cleaver and powerful: this clearly indicated the state of civilization of the Chichimec. In the etymology of their name indicates that it is an Asian tribe: the quality of magus and potens, is that of the wise men and the important men of the Medes, the Persians, the Babylonians, the Chaldeans and the Phoenicians.


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