Backup Script

#!/bin/bash

######### Backup script for important folders of the user jacknpoe (+ pages in htdocs) #########

# this function performs echo and log simultaneously
d_echo() {
    local message=$1

    # echo to the terminal
    echo "$message"

    # log to the file
    echo "$message" >> "$log_file"
}

# this function summarizes many things to make copying folders easier
copy() {
    local origin=$1

    # keeps the initial time for copy duration calculation
    ini_cp_time=$SECONDS

    # increments the current copy number
    present_copy=$((present_copy + 1))

    # separates only the folder name, ignoring the path
    folder=$(basename "$origin")

    # informs the start of the copy
    d_echo "$present_copy: copying from \"$folder\"..."

    # these spaces are used to align the script output, depending on the current copy number
    digits=${#present_copy}
    size=$(($digits + 2))
    spaces=$(printf "%0.s " $(seq 1 $size))

    # first check if the source exists (ChatGPT)
    if [[ ! -d "$origin" ]]; then
        fails=$((fails + 1))
        d_echo "$espacos(folder \"$pasta\" does not exist)"
        return
    fi

    # performs the copy with rsync, without symbolic links (+ ChatGPT)
    rsync -a --no-links "$origin" "$dest_path" >> "$log_file" 2>&1

    # check the exit code of the rsync command and update the counters of successes and fails
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        successes=$((successes + 1))
        d_echo "$spaces(\"$folder\" copy completed successfully)"
    else
        fails=$((fails + 1))
        d_echo "$spaces(\"$folder\" copy failed)"
    fi

    # calculates the elapsed time of the copy and informs
    elps_cp_time=$((SECONDS - ini_cp_time))
    d_echo "$spaces(time: $((elps_cp_time / 60)) minutes and $((elps_cp_time % 60)) seconds)" && d_echo
}

# interrupted by user (ChatGPT)
trap 'd_echo "Backup interrupted by user."; exit 130' INT

# gets the folder name from the argument, if any
dest_folder=$1

# if the folder name is missing as an argument, it prompts the user
if [[ -z "$dest_folder" ]]; then
    # it asks for the folder name, otherwise it will be backup_YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS
    read -p "Backup folder name (nothing to 'backup_YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS'): " dest_folder
fi

# these folders are the largest among the candidates for backup, which should be done eventually
# note that it doesn't wait to press enter; just pressing 'y' or another key continues
read -n 1 -r -p "Copy 'do dropbox' too? (y/n): " r_dropbox
echo

read -n 1 -r -p "Copy 'Linguagens' too? (y/n): " r_linguagens
echo

read -n 1 -r -p "Copy 'Músicas' too? (y/n): " r_musicas
echo && echo

# keep the initial time for backup duration calculation
initial_time=$SECONDS

# variable to find the folder number in copy()
present_copy=0

# variables that store successes and fails
successes=0
fails=0

# if the folder name is empty, create a default name: backup_YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS
if [[ -z "$dest_folder" ]]; then
    current_date=$(date +'%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S')
    dest_folder="backup_$current_date"
fi
echo "Beginning backup in: \"$dest_folder\""

# assembles the full path name of the folder, for echo, directory creation, and copies
dest_path="/media/jacknpoe/115GB/$dest_folder"

# creates the backup folder
echo "Creating backup folder in: \"$dest_path\"" && echo
mkdir -p "$dest_path"

# name and path of the backup log file
log_file="$dest_path/backup_log.txt"

# header of the log file
echo "---------------------------------------------------" >> "$log_file"
echo "Backup log started on: $(date)" >> "$log_file"
echo "---------------------------------------------------" >> "$log_file" && echo >> "$log_file"

###################### the copies per se ##########################

copy "/home/jacknpoe/Documentos"

if [[ "$r_dropbox" =~ ^[yY]$ ]]; then
    copy "/home/jacknpoe/do dropbox"
fi

copy "/home/jacknpoe/DOS"

copy "/home/jacknpoe/DownsWin"

copy "/home/jacknpoe/Vídeos/Gravações de tela"

copy "/opt/lampp/htdocs"

copy "/home/jacknpoe/Imagens"

copy "/home/jacknpoe/Juros"

if [[ "$r_linguagens" =~ ^[yY]$ ]]; then
    copy "/home/jacknpoe/Linguagens"
fi

copy "/home/jacknpoe/Vídeos/locais"

if [[ "$r_musicas" =~ ^[yY]$ ]]; then
    copy "/home/jacknpoe/Músicas"
fi

copy "/home/jacknpoe/Executáveis/scripts"

#################################################################

# calculates the end time and duration of the backup and displays the elapsed time
elapsed_time=$((SECONDS - initial_time))
d_echo "Execution time: $((elapsed_time / 60)) minutes and $((elapsed_time % 60)) seconds."

# shows the final summary of successes and fails
d_echo "Backup done with $successes sucesses and $fails fails."
echo >> "$log_file"

# returns 0 if there were no failures, or more than 0 if there were failures
exit $fails