webinar-python-exam-review-2021-12-18

# Exam Review 2021 Nov 12/18

# LABS
# Ch 3-13
# Ch 14-18 not as important, other than some good labs in Ch 15
# Ch 19-30 just LABS, but important practice!
# Use Submit Mode!!!


# Comp 1 Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# DATA TYPES
# str
# int
# floats
# Boolean
# list
# dict # keys, value pairs
# tuple
# set # no order, and are all unique values
# MODULES
# math
# csv # often basic filestream methods read(), readlines(), write()

# OPERATORS
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # modulo - whole number remainder, "how many whole things didn't fit?"
# // # floor division - truncated integer division
# = # assignment operator, setting something equal
# == # equality operator, asking if it's equal, part of a condition: if, while
# !=
# += # incrementing, x += 1 is the same x = x + 1
# -= # decrementing
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# # KEYWORDS used like OPERATORS
# not # sometimes we're looking not, but there's no equals, not if __ in __
# in # if __ in __, for __ in ___
# and # if something and something
# or # if something or something
# def
# del


# Comp 2: Control Flow Structures
# Basic
# IF statements... if, if/else, if/elif/else
# LOOPS
# WHILE - more general, like an if that repeats
# FOR - doing a known number of times or doing some once for every ITEM in a CONTAINER
# for __ in __:
# for item in myList:
# for char in myString:
# for key in myDictionary: # myDictionary[key]
# for n in range(0, 5): # do this 5 times
# for i in range(len(myList)): # if you need the index as much as the item/value at that index
# myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"] # X-Files characters
# if "Agent Scully" in myList:
#     print("Found her.")
# if "Godzilla" in myList:
#     print("Found him.")
# else:
#     print("No Godzilla.")
# print("Godzilla" in myList)

# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling
# parameter vs "regular"/"outside" variable - the function call gives the parameter a value
# # def myFunction(x):
# #     # never say x = something
# #     return x//16
# return vs print() # do whichever one the question
# understand that methods are just functions

# Advanced Control Structures
# Ch 10: try/except... read 10.3 then Lab 10.7
# Ch 13: classes... Lab 13.13

# IF NAME == MAIN
# import myModule
# a bunch of function definitions
# if __name__ = "__main__": # is this file the file I'm running from? Or was it imported?
    # call some functions
    # do some other stuff... but only myModule is the actual file I'm running

# define functions
# if __name__ = "__main__":
    # myVar = input()
    # myOutput = myFunction(myVar)
    # print(myOutput)

# BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# input() # str... int(input()), float(input()), input().split()
# help()
# dir()
# round()
# len()
# max()
# min()
# sum()
# range()
# int()
# float()
# str()
# list() # []
# tuple() # ()
# set()
# dict() # {}
# type() # print(type([1, 2, 3]))

# STRINGS
# Build up larger strings with str.format() or f strings
# CONCATENATION... "this string" + "another string"
# STRING MODULO... print("%s added in this string" % myString)
# string.format()
# "{} is a variable".format(myVar)
# f string
# f"{myVar} is a variable"

# SLICES for strings and list
# myString[start:stop] # myString[start:stop:step]
# myString = "Just sit right back and you'll hear a tale."
# print(myString[0:8])
# print(myString[::-1])
# print(myString)
#
# # STRING METHODS
# myString.format()
# myString.split() # myString.split(","), myString.split("\n")
# " ".join(myList)
# myString.replace(someSubStr, newSubStr) # also to remove myString.replace(someSubStr, "")
# myString.upper() # and other case related methods
# myString.isupper() # isSomething? return Boolean
# myString.count() # myString.count(someSubStr)
#
# # LIST METHODS
# myList.append(item)
# myList.extend(anotherList) # merging a second list item by item
# myList.insert(i, item)
# myList.remove(item) # by value
# myList.pop(i) # by index
# myList.sort() # myList.sort(reverse=True)
# myList.reverse() # compare to sorted() and reversed()
#
# # DICTIONARY
# myDictionary[key] # retrieves the value
# myDictionary[key] = value # assign a value for the key
# # if __ in myDictionary: # it's checking the keys
# # if __ in myDictionary.keys(): # don't really need keys() here
#
# # MATH
# math.pow(x, y) # same as **, do not confuse math.pow() with math.exp()
# math.e
# math.pi
# math.sqrt()
# math.ceil()
# math.floor() # and the built in round()
# math.factorial()

# What's in the data window for input()?
# a string
# another string
# another string
# TEST IT OUT
# print(input())

# Ask you to grab inputs until you see -1
# myVar = input()
# while myVar != -1:
#     # do our stuff
#     myVar = input()


# Comp 3: modules, working with files
# full, normal import
# import wholeModule
# wholeModule.thisMethod()
# math.floor()
# # partial import
# from wholeModule import thisMethod
# thisMethod() # not wholeModule.thisMethod()
# floor() # not math.floor()
# # aliased import
# import wholeModule as mm
# mm.thisMethod()

# OPENING FILES
# good practice: Ch 12 Task 4, 7, 8
# f = open(filename, "r") # "w" for write, "a" for append
# contents = f.read() # get the whole file one big string
# or
# contents = f.readlines() # list of strings, line by line
# f.close()

# with open(filename, "r") as f:
#     contents = f.readlines()
#
# # write back out
# with open(filename, "w") as f:
#     f.write("my string")

# TAKE THE PRACTICE TEST... CH 31
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"] # X-Files characters
for i in range(len(myList)):
    print("{}: {}".format(i, myList[i]))
# for __, __ in enumerate(myList):
for i, item in enumerate(myList):
    print("{} --> {}".format(i, item))

# Fibonacci
# 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

def fibonacci(n):
    if n < 0:
        return -1
    elif n <= 1:
        return n
    else:
        fibList = [0, 1] # [0, 1, n]
        while len(fibList) < n + 1:
            # fibList[n-1] + fibList[n-2]
            fibList.append(fibList[-1] + fibList[-2])
        return fibList[n]

print(fibonacci(9)) # 34
print(fibonacci(8)) # 21
print(fibonacci(3)) # 2