2014-12-09 Structure: modals for advice

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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p. 50 (reading)

p. 65-66 - compare these behaviors in your cultures
	 - should you do them or not in your country?
	 - do you personally agree or disagree with this?
bribe

http://waitbutwhy.com/2014/04/everything-dont-know-tipping.html

7% tax + 18% tip = 25% additional
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MODALS
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should	shall
would	will
could	can
might	may
ought to
must
had better

modal + base form
modals must be the first verb
	(you can't use two modals in the same verb phrase)
modals don't change for he/she/it
modals can't be used in all tenses (usually only 1 or 2)
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"modal-like expressions"

have to
be going to
be supposed to
be able to
be to (e.g. "You are to be home by 10.")
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You must call them.
= No other choice. This is the *only* option.
= You have to call them.
(simple present + affirmative) = You've got to call them.

You'd better call them.
= If you don't call them, something bad will happen.
(Advice for a specific action, and I have specific negative consequences in mind if you don't follow the advice.)
You'd better not be late again.

You should call them. = You ought to call them.
= This is a good idea (but you have other options).
You should have called them.
= This was a good idea, but you didn't do it.

You could call them. = You might call them.
= This is one of your options, but you have many.
You could have called them. = You might have called them.
= This was one of your options, but you didn't do it.
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p. 56 exercise 1
2 b
3 b
4 a
5 a
6 a
7 b
8 b
9 b
10 b

Shall we invite them over?
= I'm ready to invite them if you are.

Should we invite them over?
= I want your opinion on this possibility.
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p. 58 exercise 2
2 had to worry
3 supposed to do
4 were supposed to leave
5 Should we have left
6 don't have to leave
7 should you tip
8 you're supposed to do
9 Should you leave
10 ought to have given
11 could have left
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Activity Today: Hunger Games Movie, after elective (3:15)
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Homework: p. 61