webinar-exam-review-v4-2021-11-27

# Exam Review 2021 Nov 11/27

# LABS
# Ch 3-13
# Ch 14-18 not as important, other than some good labs in Ch 15
# Ch 19-30 just LABS, but important practice!

# Comp 1 Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# DATA TYPES
# strings / str
# integers / int
# floats
# Boolean # True, False
# list # simple array, [1, 2, 3]
# dictionary / dict # associative array
# tuple # immutable (1, 2, 3), functions return mult values in a tuple or list sometimes
# set # unique values only, unordered
# MODULES
# math
# csv # or standard filestream methods also tend to work

# OPERATORS
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # modulo, "how many whole items are left over?"
# // # floor division
# How many weeks and days is 25 days?
# print(25//7) # 3 (3 * 7 gets to 21) weeks and...
# print(25%7) # remaining 4 days leftover
# ** # compare math.pow()
# = # assignment
# == # asking, "equality operator" -- seen in conditions: if/elif, while loops
# !=
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# += # increment. x += 1 is the same as x = x+1
# -=
# # KEYWORDS that are used like operators
# not
# and
# or
# in # if someValue in someList

# Comp 2: Control Flow Structures
# IF # if, if/else, if/elif/else
# LOOPS
# WHILE - like an IF that repeats as long as the condition stays True
# FOR - doing a known number of times or doing some once for every ITEM in a CONTAINER
# for someItem in someContainer:
# for item in myList:
# for ltr in myString:
# for n in range(0, 27):
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"] # X-Files characters
# for i in range(len(myList)):
#     if i == len(myList) - 1:
#         print("{} is the last one.".format(myList[i]))
#     else:
#         print("{} is in the list at position {}".format(myList[i], i))
# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling
# parameters vs "regular" or "outside" variables
# def doThis(x, y): # calling the function doThis(3,4), doThis(math.pi, 187)
#     # don't do this: x = 5
#     return x * y / 2
# return vs print() # do whichever the question says
# know that methods are themselves functions

# ADVANCED CONTROL STRUCTURES
# ch 10: try/except... Ch 10.3 and Lab 10.7
# Ch 13: Classes

# def myFunction(): # function definition is outside this IF block
# if __name__ = "__main__": # am I running from this file directly?
#     # only happens if running this file directly
#     myVar = input()
#     print(myFunction(myVar))

# BUILT-IN functions
# print()
# help()
# dir() # returns a list of attributes (methods, properties)
# help(str)
# print(dir(str))
# for attr in dir(str):
#     if not attr.startswith("_"):
#         print(attr, end=" ")
# help(str.join)
# range()
# len()
# sum()
# min()
# max()
# input()
# bin()
# int() # int(input())
# float()
# list()
# set()
# dict()
# tuple()
# type() # print(type(myList))

# STRINGS and STRING METHODS
# Build up larger strings with str.format() or f strings
# string.format()
# "{} is a variable".format(myVar)
# f string
# f"{myVar} is a variable"

# SLICING STRINGS (or LISTS)
# myString[start:stop] # myString[start:stop:step]
myString = "Agent Mulder said 'Trust No One'"
print(myString[0:12]) # "Agent Mulder"
# you can reverse with a slice
revString = myString[::-1]
print(revString)

# STRING METHODS
# myString.split() # returns a list of smaller strings
# " ".join(someList)
# myString.format()
# myString.replace(oldSubString, newSubString) # also to remove
# myString.upper() # lower(), capitalize(), title()
# myString.isupper() # return Boolean
# myString.find(subString) # returns the index , or -1 on failure
# myString.startswith()
# myString.strip() # also lstrip(), rstrip()
# myString.count()

# print(input())

# LIST METHODS
myList.append()
myList.insert()
myList.extend()
myList.count()
myList.pop() # myList.pop(2).. by index
myList.remove() # by value
myList.sort()
myList.reverse()


# Comp 3: modules, working with files
# Ch 12... Task 4, 7, 8 and Ch 29 Labs, esp Lab 29.2
f = open(filename, "r")
contents = f.read() # whole file as string
contents = f.readlines() # list of strings, line by line
f.close()
# or
with open(filename, "r") as f:
    contents = f.readlines()

# Question on Lab 19.2
# Watch the spaces in those strings! This is where str.format() or f strings are helpful
# Notice also that the 4 and 5 shown in the text are emulating the terminal inputs,
# and don't seem to be intended as output for you to print
user_num = int(input('Enter integer:\n'))
print("You entered: {}".format(user_num))

print("{} squared is {}".format(user_num, user_num*user_num))
print("And {} cubed is {} !!".format(user_num, user_num**3))

user_num2 = int(input("Enter another integer:\n"))
print("{} + {} is {}".format(user_num, user_num2, user_num+user_num2))
print("{} * {} is {}".format(user_num, user_num2, user_num*user_num

# Pre 19 wording question
# You don’t need to manually raise an error here necessarily. I would approach
# this as a try with 2 excepts (a value error and a zero division error).