CREATE TABLE `readouts` (
  `sensorID` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
  `timestamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
  `value` FLOAT(9,5) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sensorID`, `timestamp`)
);
+----------+-----------+-------+
| sensorID | timestamp | value |
+----------+-----------+-------+

SELECT a.*
  FROM readouts AS a
  JOIN ( SELECT sensorID
              , MAX(timestamp) AS timestamp
          GROUP BY sensorID
       ) AS b  ON b.timestamp = a.timestamp
              AND b.sensorID  = a.sensorID
 ORDER BY sensorID ASC
;

CREATE TABLE `last_readouts` (
  `sensorID` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
  `timestamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
  `value` FLOAT(9,5) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sensorID`)
);

INSERT INTO last_readouts
     VALUES (sID, ts, val)
     ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
        `timestamp` = ts
         value = val
;

SELECT * FROM last_readouts;