webinar-exam-review-v4-2021-11-20

# Exam Review 2021 Nov 11/20

# LABS
# Ch 3-13
# Ch 14-18 not as important
# Ch 19-30 just LABS, but important practice!

# Comp 1 Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# DATA TYPES
# strings / str
# integers / int
# float
# list
# Boolean
# dictionary / dict
# tuples
# set
# MODULES
# math
# csv # often basic filestream methods read(), readlines(), write() that would do just as well

# OPERATORS
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # whole number remainder! The number of things that DIDN'T FIT
# // # floor division
# How many pounds and ounces is 34 oz?
print(35//16) # gets the pounds
print(35%16) # get the leftover ounces
# = # assignment
# == # "equality operator" checking or asking equality: if/elif, while
# !=
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# += # x += 1 is the same as x = x+1
# -=
# ** # raise to a power, similar math.pow()
# KEYWORDS that are used like OPERATORS
# not
# in # if someItem in someList, if not someItem in someList
# and
# or

# Comp 2: Control Flow Structures
# IF statements... if, if/else, if/elif/else
# LOOPS
# WHILE - like an IF that repeats as long as the condition stays True
# FOR - doing a known number of times or doing some once for every ITEM in a CONTAINER
# for someItem for someContainer:
# for char in myString:
# for i in range(5): # for i in range(0, 5):
# for i in range(len(someList)): # someList[i]
# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling
# parameters vs "regular" or "outside" variables
# def myFunction(x):
#     # never say x = something
#     return x//16
# return vs print() # do whichever one the questions says
# understand that methods are functions

# ADVANCED CONTROL STRUCTURES
# Ch 10: try/except ... Lab 10.7
# Ch 13: classes

# defining a function
# if __name__ = "__main__":
    # if I'm running this script directly
    # myVar = input()
    # myOutput = myFunction(myVar)
    # print(myOutput)

# BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# help() # help(list)
# dir()
# print(dir(list))
# for item in dir(str):
#     if not item.startswith("__"):
#         print(item)
# len()
# sum()
# max()
# min()
# int() # int(input())
# float() # float(input())
# ord()
# chr()
# type()
# range()

# STRINGS
# Build up larger strings with str.format() or f strings
# string.format()
# "{} is a variable".format(myVar)
# f string
# f"{myVar} is a variable"

# SLICING STRINGS (or LISTS)
# myString[start:stop] # myString[start:stop:step]
# myString = "Just sit right back and you'll hear a tale."
# # "Just sit"
# print(myString[0:8])
# print(myString[::-1])

# STRING METHODS
# myString.split()
# " ".join(someList)
# myString.format()
# myString.replace(oldSubString, newSubString) # also to remove
# myString.upper()
# myString.isupper()
# myString.count()

myList = input.split()

# LISTS
# myList.append(item)
# myList.extend(anotherList)
# myList.insert(i, item)
# myList.count(item)
# myList.remove(item) # by value
# myList.pop(i) # by index position
# myList.sort() # myList(reverse=True), compare to sorted() which DOES return a list
# myList.reverse() # compare to reversed() which DOES return a list


# if you're confused on how the input data is structured
print(input()) # see if you get one thing or many

# Lab question format: keep asking for input() until you see a -1
x = input()
while x != "-1":
    # do stuff x
    x = input()

# if I new these were ints
x = int(input())
while x != -1: # while x >= 0:
    # do stuff with x
    x = int(input())

# Comp 3 opening files
# good practice here will be Ch 12 Task 4, 7, 8
f = open(filename, "r")
contents = f.read()
contents = f.readlines() # list of strings line by line
f.close()
# or
with open(filename, "r") as f:
    contents = f.readlines()

# Question on Lab 24.5 Exact Change
# there's a video on this one as well...
def exact_change(user_total):
    # figure out the value of each
    money = user_total
    dollars = money // 100
    money = dollars * 100

    quarters = money // 25
    money = quarters * 25
    # and so on...
    return dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels, pennies # this is a tuple, parens or not


if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_val = int(input())
    num_dollars, num_quarters, num_dimes, num_nickels, num_pennies = exact_change(input_val)
    # function RETURNS those values in a TUPLE, so you can set the 5 vars at once
    # pretty much like this:
    # x, y, z, a, b = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) # works with lists and tuples
    if input_val <= 0:
        print("no change")

    if num_dollars > 0:
        print(str(num_dollars), end=" ")
        if num_dollars == 1:
            print("dollar")
        else:
            print("dollars")

        # and so on...