function my_theme_preprocess_node(&$variables){
  $variables['route_name'] = $route_name;
  $variables['route_parameters'] = $route_parameters;
}

{ <a href="{{ path('$route_name', {'node': $route_parameters}) }}">Link to the object with $route_name and $route_parameters</a> }

function my_theme_preprocess_node(&$variables){
  $variables['path'] = Drupal::urlGenerator()->generateFromRoute($route_name, $route_parameters);
}

<a href="{{ path }}">Link to the object with $route_name and $route_parameters</a>