Xian-Lang-Class Battleship [1895] (Zhuoteng)

Xian-lang-Class, Zhuoteng Empire Battleship laid down 1895

Displacement:
	9,973 t light; 10,508 t standard; 11,350 t normal; 12,024 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(606.96 ft / 590.55 ft) x 65.62 ft x (20.34 / 21.25 ft)
	(185.00 m / 180.00 m) x 20.00 m  x (6.20 / 6.48 m)

Armament:
      4 - 11.02" / 280 mm 52.0 cal guns - 727.53lbs / 330.00kg shells, 120 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1894 Model
	  2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      8 - 5.91" / 150 mm 50.0 cal guns - 109.02lbs / 49.45kg shells, 120 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1892 Model
	  4 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      14 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 23.55lbs / 10.68kg shells, 300 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
	  14 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		14 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
      96 - 0.31" / 8.0 mm 90.0 cal guns - 0.02lbs / 0.01kg shells, 400 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1895 Model
	  12 x 2 row octuple mounts on sides, evenly spread
		12 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 4,114 lbs / 1,866 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      2 - 16.5" / 420 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.345 t each, 0.690 t total
	submerged bow & stern tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      8 - 16.5" / 420 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.345 t each, 2.761 t total
	below water reloads

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Ends:	Unarmoured

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		0.98" / 25 mm	383.86 ft / 117.00 m	17.98 ft / 5.48 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 45.93 ft / 14.00 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.84" / 250 mm	7.87" / 200 mm		14.0" / 355 mm
	2nd:	4.92" / 125 mm	3.94" / 100 mm		3.94" / 100 mm
	3rd:	1.97" / 50 mm	0.98" / 25 mm		      -

   - Protected deck - multiple decks:
	For and Aft decks: 4.92" / 125 mm
	Forecastle: 3.94" / 100 mm  Quarter deck: 3.94" / 100 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 14.17" / 360 mm, Aft 7.87" / 200 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 2 shafts, 5,833 ihp / 4,352 Kw = 15.00 kts
	Range 2,000nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 1,516 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	549 - 714

Cost:
	£0.908 million / $3.634 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 1,039 tons, 9.2 %
	   - Guns: 1,034 tons, 9.1 %
	   - Weapons: 5 tons, 0.0 %
	Armour: 3,778 tons, 33.3 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 251 tons, 2.2 %
	   - Armament: 997 tons, 8.8 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,290 tons, 20.2 %
	   - Conning Towers: 240 tons, 2.1 %
	Machinery: 989 tons, 8.7 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,068 tons, 35.8 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,377 tons, 12.1 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 100 tons, 0.9 %
	   - Above deck: 100 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  17,932 lbs / 8,134 Kg = 26.8 x 11.0 " / 280 mm shells or 13.4 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
	Metacentric height 3.2 ft / 1.0 m
	Roll period: 15.4 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.52
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck,
	  a ram bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.504 / 0.511
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.00 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 24.30 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 21 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -4.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	20.00 %,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m
	   - Forward deck:	30.00 %,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
	   - Aft deck:	35.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
	   - Quarter deck:	15.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
	   - Average freeboard:		14.53 ft / 4.43 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.2 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 124.8 %
	Waterplane Area: 25,913 Square feet or 2,407 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 131 lbs/sq ft or 639 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 1.01
		- Longitudinal: 0.99
		- Overall: 1.00
	Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Excellent accommodation and workspace room