2015-02-19 Structure: more modals

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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p. 247-248 exercise 2
1 a can't
  b has got to
  c 'd better (specific, right now, important)
  d should (in general, every night)
2 a 'll be able to
  b can't
  c ought to
  d 'll have to
  e may not
  f Should
3 a can
  b could
  c can
  d must
  e be able to
  f could
4 a must
  b should
  c may not
  d has to
  e couldn't
  f must
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Homework: read the grammar notes on p. 243-245
	  do exercise 1 A and B (246-247)
	  do exercise 3 p. 249
exercise 1 A&B
have to complete - necessity (obligation)
must have - necessity (obligation)

must be - necessity (obligation)

have to provide - necessity (obligation)
will be able to hide - ability (something you have the ability (and choice) to do)

have to post - necessity (obligation)
ought to give - advice

can someone post - ability
don't have to ask - necessity (obligation)
ought to get - advice

cannot remove - ability
can choose - ability

must be - conclusion
should I do - advice
must not give - prohibition (/ strong advice)
should never give - advice
could use - ability / future possibility
may encounter - future possibility
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p. 249 exercise 3
1 couldn't believe
2 couldn't be (Even if you had a different opinion, you couldn't be more wrong.)
3 can keep
4 may/might/could get rid of
5 should be
6 had to go
7 must not know
8 won't have to worry about
9 may/might/could go
10 should get on
11 might/could win (unreal situation - you're not on the show yet)
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We could go to the museum. = This is one possible activity.
She could be at home sick. = This is one possibile explanation.
She may not be at home. = It's possible she is somewhere else.
(I won't be surprised if this isn't true.)

You must park on the other side of the street. = This is the only choice you have.
She must still be at home sick. = This is the only explanation I believe.
(With "must", I will be surprised if something different happens.)
You must not park on this side. = I'll be surprised if you do.
She must not be at home. = I'll be surprised if she is at home.

She couldn't be at home already. She only left school 5 minutes ago.
= I think this is impossible. I won't believe you if you tell me she's at home.
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may / might / could = possibly
may not / might not = possibly not
    could not       = not possibly

She is possibly not at home. = "not at home" is a possibility
She is not possibly at home. = "at home" is NOT a possibility = impossible
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must / have to = it's necessary to do it     (it's not a choice)
   must not    = it's necessary not to do it (it's not a choice)
don't have to  = it's not necessary to do it (it's a choice, it's up to you)
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footnotes: notes with extra information at the bottom of the page
endnotes: notes with extra information at the end of an article or book
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p. 250 exercise 4
- that anyone can edit
- You can also click
- users ought to be / users should be
- students shouldn't rely on it
- It might be a good starting point
- you must not copy (against the law = illegal)
- users have to be aware
- Could they one day replace / Might they one day replace
- encyclopedia can be a very useful resource
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Homework: p. 256 (chapter 15 test tomorrow)