MySQL Collation

-- error Illegal mix of collations (utf8_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (latin1_swedish_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation '='
-- solusi, samakan collations tabel yang beda, samakan dengan collation table yang di information_chema
-- lihat dulu collation semua table
SELECT table_schema, table_name, column_name, character_set_name, collation_name
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE collation_name = 'latin1_general_ci'
ORDER BY table_schema, table_name,ordinal_position;
-- ubah collation tabel yang dipilih
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE 'latin1_swedish_ci';

-- contoh case error
-- Illegal mix of collations (latin1_swedish_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8_general_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation 'concat'
-- solusi:
ALTER TABLE <tabel terkait> CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

-- find out the charset used in the server
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%';
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';