my_string = b'The string'

print('שלום עולם')

NaN = struct.unpack('>d', b'xffxf8x00x00x00x00x00x00')[0]

>>> 'uFEFF'.encode('UTF-8')
b'xefxbbxbf'

>>> b'xE2x82xAC'.decode('UTF-8')
'€'

>>> b'xEFxBBxBF' + 'Text with a UTF-8 BOM'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: can't concat bytes to str

>>> b'A' == b'x41'
True

>>> 'A' == b'A'
False

>>> f=open("new", "wb")
>>> f.write("Hello Python!")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface

>>> len('Öl')  # German word for 'oil' with 2 characters
2
>>> 'Öl'.encode('UTF-8')  # convert str to bytes
b'xc3x96l'
>>> len('Öl'.encode('UTF-8'))  # 3 bytes encode 2 characters !
3