2018-05-21 Grammar: intro to infinitives

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework (optional): p. 197 exercise 9
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This week: Infinitives and Gerunds
infinitive: to + base form (I like to swim.)
gerund: verb+ing form, used like a noun (I like swimming.)
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Infinitives and gerunds can both be used in different ways
1 as a subject: Swimming is fun. (usually gerund, sometimes infinitive)
2 after a verb: I want to watch TV. I enjoy watching TV. (both)
3 after a preposition: I’m good at playing piano. (gerunds only)
4 after an adjective: It’s fun to swim. It’s nice to meet you. I was happy to help. (usually infinitives)
5 after a noun: He’s had good luck finding stamps. It’s a good way to do this. (both)
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Handout p. 89 exercise 1 - With your partner, underline the infinitives and gerunds, and write the number for the way they’re used.
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p. 90 - Infinitives can include information about affirmative/negative, active/passive, and progressive and perfect meanings
I tried to read the whole thing. I tried not to fall asleep.
I want to understand English speakers. I want to be understood by English speakers.
I expect to do it tomorrow. (simple: I will do it tomorrow.)
I expect to be doing it tomorrow. (progressive: I will be doing it tomorrow.)
I expect to have done it by tomorrow. (perfect: I will have done it by tomorrow.)
He appears to be in a fight. (It looks like he’s in a fight right now.)
He appears to have been in a fight. (It looks like he was in a fight before now.)
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p. 92 - Ask your partner questions and write the information here.
1 Her family expects her to learn English.
  They expect her not to learn Spanish.
2 He likes to treat people well.
  He likes to be treated well by his teacher.
3 His teachers expect him to come on time at the beginning of class.
  His teachers expect him to have done the homework before the beginning of class.
4 He plans to be a businessman when school ends.
  He plans to be riding a train to NYC when school ends. (= He’ll leave early and get on the train before school ends.)
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Nouns and Pronouns plus Infinitives
Generally the subject of the main verb is the same as the subject of the infinitive:
	Tom asked to close the door. = Tom would like to close the door.
	My parents expect to see me at 8. = My parents will see me at 8.
We need to add a noun or pronoun if it’s different:
	Tom asked Greg to close the door. = Greg should close the door.
	My parents expect me to arrive before 8. = I should arrive before 8.
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Homework: p. 94 exercise 5 - Identify who does each bold action.