webinar-python-exam-review-2021-07-31

# Webinar: Exam Review 7/31/21

# Ch 8, 9, 11 and 12 end of chapter exercises are critical.
# And structured a lot like the Pre and OA questions

# Be able to recognize your common data types and modules
# int
# float
# str
# list
# dictionaries
# tuples
# sets
## modules # --> Ref List
# math
# random
# datetime
# os
# calendar
# pandas

# Built-In Functions

# operators
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # whole number remainder, "what's left over" or "how many didn't fit?"
# // # floor division
# how many pounds and ounces is 53 ounces?
print(53 // 16) # pounds, and...
print(53 % 16) # ounces left over
# **
# = # assignment
# == # comparison, asking if they're equal: if/elif, while
# += # incrementing, x += 1 is the same x = x + 1
# -=
# !=
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# not
# and
# or
# in

# CONTROL STRUCTURES

# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling
# parameters vs arguments (vs "regular variables")
# return vs print()
# methods of a type are themselves functions

# IF and other conditional statements: IF, IF/ELSE, IF/ELIF/ELSE

# LOOPS
# WHILE LOOPS - an if that repeats as long as the condition stays true
# FOR LOOPS- tied to a container, do something once for everything in that list, etc
# for _someVar_ in _someContainer_:
# for item in myList:
# for char in myString:
# for key in myDictionary: # myDictionary[key]
# for n in range(0, 5):
# for i in range(0, len(myList)):

# IN... the "membership check"
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"] # X-Files characters

print("Agent Scully" in myList)
# print("Krychek" in myList)
# if "Agent Mulder" in myList:
#     print("Mulder is in the list.")


# SLICING
print(myList[0:2])
print(myList[-2:])

# STRINGS
# Building up longer strings
x = "Sue"
greeting = "How do you do?"
# CONCATENATION - easy to do, but easy to mess up
myString = "My name is " + str(x) + ". " + greeting
# DATA CONVERSION SPEC or STRING MODULO
myString = "My name is %s. %s" % (x, greeting)
# STRING CLASS FORMAT() METHOD ---> THE BESTEST WAY
myString = "My name is {}. {}".format(x, greeting)
print(myString)
# F strings do not work on the exam

# decimal precision with string .format()
import math
print("Pi to 5 places is {:.5f}".format(math.pi))

# STRING METHODS # --> use help(str)
# help(str)
print(dir(str))
help(str.rstrip)
# def myFunction(x,y):
#     h = help(list)
#     return h
# OK... so what are the big string methods
# myString.split()
# ", ".join(someList)
# myString.format()
# myString.find()
# myString.replace() # also used remove
# myString.lower()
# myString.upper()
# myString.title()
# myString.capitalize()
# myString.isupper() # many isXYZ() methods that return Boolean
# myString.startswith()
# myString.count()
# myString.strip() # don't forget its cousins: lstrip(), rstrip()

# LIST methods
# print(dir(list))
# myList.append()
# myList.insert()
# myList.extend()
# myList.pop() # last or index number
# myList.remove() # by value
# myList.sort() # myList(reverse=True)
# myList.reverse()
# myList.count()
# myList.index()
# myString.copy()
# myString.clear()
myOtherList = ["Cunningham", "Fonzie", "Chaci", "Arnold"]
# myList.append(myOtherList)
# myList.extend(myOtherList)
# help(list.extend)
print(myList)

# SETS {}
# mySet.add()
# mySet.update()
# mySet.pop() # but random!

# TUPLES ()
# are so immutable they hardly have methods

# DICTIONARIES {k:v}
# someDictionary[key] # retrieves value... so same as someDictionary.get(key)
# someDictionary[key] = someNewValue # similar to dictionary update()
# someDictionary.update({aKey:value})
scoobies = {
    "Scooby": "a blue collar",
    "Shaggy": "green",
    "Velma": "orange",
    "Daphne": "purple",
    "Fred": "an ascot"
}
scoobies["Scooby Dumb"] = "a red collar"
scoobies.update({"Scrappy Doo": "a blue collar"})
for key in scoobies:
    print('{} always wears {}.'.format(key, scoobies[key]))

# MODULES

# MATH
# import math
# math.pow() # **, not to be confused with math.exp()
# math.e # Euler's number
# math.pi # 3.14159...
# math.sqrt()
# math.factorial()
# math.ceil() # always rounds up
# math.floor() # always round down

# RANDOM
# import random
# random.random() # returns a float b/n 0 and 1
# random.choice() # random item from a list
# random.randrange() # EXCLUDES the stop
# random.randint() # INCLUDES the stop

# CALENDAR
# import calendar
# calendar.isleap()
# calendar.day_name
# calendar.month_name
# calendar.weekday(y, m, d)

# DATETIME
import datetime
# datetime.datetime # representing a point in time, combo of datetime.date + datetime.time
dd = datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 31)
dd = datetime.datetime.today()
print(dd)
print(dd.year)
print(dd.month)
print(dd.day)
print(dd.strftime("%b")) # www.strftime.org

# datetime.timedelta # a length or delta of time
td = datetime.timedelta(weeks=2, days=1, hours=3)

print(td.total_seconds())
print(dd - td)

# OS
import os # full import
# os.getcwd()
# os.listdir()
# os.path.basename()
# os.path.dirname()
# os.path.isfile()
# os.path.isdir()

# IMPORT STATEMENTS
import os # full import
from datetime import timedelta # partial import
#... so now timedelta(days=9) NOT datetime.timedelta(days=9)
from math import ceil
#... so ceil(x) instead of math.ceil(x)

import datetime as d # alias import
#... so now d.timedelta(days=3) or d.datetime.today()

# BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# help()
# dir()
# range()
# len()
# sum()
# max()
# min()
# round() # regular round() is not in math
# int()
# float()
# list()
# set()
# dict()
# tuple()
# str()
# enumerate()
# input() # get terminal input from user
# type()

print(type(myList))

# HTML is just strings

# def myFunction(someDictionary):
    # do something with a dictionary

# myFunction({"Toyota": "Camry", "Chevy": "Silverado"})
# myFunction(scoobies)


# merging 2 lists into a dictionary as keys and values
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"]  # X-Files characters
actorList = ["Gillian Anderson", "David Duchovny", "Mitch Pileggi", "Bob", "Joe"]

# My apologies to William B Davis and Steven Williams, who played CSM and Mr. X respectively on The X-Files.
actorList[-1] = "Steven Williams"
actorList[-2] = "William B Davis"

def makeDict(someList, anotherList):
    newDict = {}
    #for item in myList:
    for i in range(len(someList)): # <-- I forgot to change this in the webinar
        # newDict[actorList[i]] = myList[i]
        newDict[someList[i]] = anotherList[i]
    return newDict
print(makeDict(actorList, myList))
print(makeDict(["a", "b", "c"], ["Ernie", "Bert", "Cookie Monster"]))