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- INDOXXI
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- 1
- 00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:15,960
- This is me,
- Luca Parmitano, as a child.
- 2
- 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:19,120
- Flying has always been my passion.
- 3
- 00:00:19,160 --> 00:00:21,960
- SICILY, ITALY
- 1980
- 4
- 00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:54,880
- I think we all desire what we see.
- 5
- 00:00:54,920 --> 00:00:58,680
- I grew up with cartoons,
- 6
- 00:00:58,720 --> 00:01:01,520
- American ones,
- but especially Japanese
- 7
- 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:07,480
- about space, robots and great
- explorations in this accessible universe.
- 8
- 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:11,320
- While in the real world,
- 9
- 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:15,480
- the first Space Shuttle missions
- 10
- 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:17,840
- were being broadcast on TV.
- 11
- 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:21,360
- Time!
- 12
- 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:28,800
- One of
- my earliest memories
- 13
- 00:01:28,800 --> 00:01:32,440
- is being asked
- what I wanted to be when I grew up,
- 14
- 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:36,320
- and, as a child, I said: an astronaut.
- 15
- 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:42,960
- I said it with the same spirit a child
- today says: Superman or Batman.
- 16
- 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:45,000
- It was the same idea.
- 17
- 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:50,560
- But that idea
- 18
- 00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:56,360
- of a job that is unique, wonderful,
- fun, adventuresome,
- 19
- 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:58,840
- has stayed with me all my life.
- 20
- 00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:05,160
- As years passed,
- I became more humble, modest,
- 21
- 00:02:05,200 --> 00:02:09,800
- but at present I am the only Italian
- who has walked in space,
- 22
- 00:02:09,840 --> 00:02:13,480
- the first to command
- the International Space Station.
- 23
- 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:19,400
- A child growing up in Sicily,
- 24
- 00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:24,640
- somewhat the outskirts
- of Italy and Europe,
- 25
- 00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:27,640
- grows up far from
- the reality of space technology.
- 26
- 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:30,640
- In Sicily there are no structures
- 27
- 00:02:30,680 --> 00:02:34,280
- that connect you to the aerospace world.
- 28
- 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:36,200
- So, I drew away from the idea.
- 29
- 00:02:38,920 --> 00:02:45,600
- I was brought close to the idea of flying
- when I was an adolescent.
- 30
- 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:53,400
- That's when the path began taking shape
- 31
- 00:02:53,440 --> 00:02:57,040
- which, 30 years later, led me to wear
- 32
- 00:02:57,080 --> 00:03:00,120
- a spacesuit for the first time.
- 33
- 00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:15,520
- I went to Russia in 2010
- for the first time.
- 34
- 00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:21,080
- I have a special tie to this country.
- 35
- 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:28,320
- Russia started training
- military personnel in 1960
- 36
- 00:03:28,360 --> 00:03:32,080
- and has sent 120 cosmonauts into space.
- 37
- 00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:33,840
- The first man...
- 38
- 00:03:37,320 --> 00:03:39,320
- and the first woman.
- 39
- 00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:12,880
- The city of stars...
- 40
- 00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:15,760
- The first group
- of cosmonaut candidates
- 41
- 00:04:15,800 --> 00:04:19,000
- arrived in Moscow to start training,
- 42
- 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:23,840
- but in July 1960
- the unit was moved here,
- 43
- 00:04:23,880 --> 00:04:26,400
- 15 miles from Moscow.
- 44
- 00:04:26,440 --> 00:04:28,800
- A top secret area.
- 45
- 00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:37,600
- It's a closed military area
- surrounded by walls and a gate, it still exists,
- 46
- 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:43,560
- and was built for
- the Soviet Union Cosmonaut Program
- 47
- 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:46,680
- in the late 1950s, early 1960s.
- 48
- 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:50,960
- The first selection of cosmonauts
- lived and trained here,
- 49
- 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:55,160
- among whom Yuri Gagarin, Titov,
- 50
- 00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:57,160
- Aleksej Leonov and so on.
- 51
- 00:05:03,040 --> 00:05:05,720
- In the last ten years,
- since I became an astronaut,
- 52
- 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:09,040
- I've seen continuous change.
- 53
- 00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:13,960
- I arrived here in the winter of 2010.
- 54
- 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:19,640
- There was no supermarket,
- there was one Soviet-style shopping mall
- 55
- 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:23,280
- with very little to buy.
- 56
- 00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:27,920
- You had to leave Star City
- and go to a nearby city.
- 57
- 00:05:32,200 --> 00:05:34,040
- It furnishes much more now,
- 58
- 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:40,800
- but the original atmosphere of Star City
- has almost been lost,
- 59
- 00:05:40,840 --> 00:05:46,400
- what I remember of my first years,
- my travels and training here in Russia.
- 60
- 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:59,720
- We're entering via a service gate
- because a cosmonaut just re-entered.
- 61
- 00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:03,720
- The building is in two parts,
- one is isolated, for quarantine,
- 62
- 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:06,440
- and one for the others living here.
- 63
- 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:12,720
- This is the "Prophylactoryum",
- another historic building in Star City.
- 64
- 00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:26,520
- This is the hall on the third floor,
- 65
- 00:06:26,560 --> 00:06:28,720
- the floor for European astronauts.
- 66
- 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:33,360
- All European astronauts
- have lived in these rooms,
- 67
- 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:35,160
- at various times in their training.
- 68
- 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:43,600
- The first time I came here,
- nearly ten years ago, I had room 31,
- 69
- 00:06:43,640 --> 00:06:47,160
- this time I preferred number 34,
- 70
- 00:06:47,200 --> 00:06:51,600
- because it's closer to the coffee machine
- and the bed is more comfortable.
- 71
- 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:01,320
- Yuri Gagarin was the first man
- in space and he departed alone.
- 72
- 00:07:01,360 --> 00:07:05,440
- Now there are three of us leaving:
- me, Italian and European,
- 73
- 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:09,920
- Alexander Skvortsov,
- a Russian cosmonaut
- 74
- 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:13,520
- and Andrew, called Drew,
- an American from NASA.
- 75
- 00:07:13,560 --> 00:07:18,080
- This strengthens the friendship
- and cooperation already among us on Earth.
- 76
- 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:24,920
- This statue of Yuri Gagarin
- hides a flower behind his back.
- 77
- 00:07:24,960 --> 00:07:28,160
- Yuri Gagarin is this great hero
- in the USSR
- 78
- 00:07:28,200 --> 00:07:31,840
- in the 1960s he was the first man
- to fly in space,
- 79
- 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:35,600
- but his nature remained
- that of a man on Earth
- 80
- 00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:40,520
- with a flower symbolizing
- the odors, tastes, colors of the Earth
- 81
- 00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:43,200
- which he saw from space
- for the first time.
- 82
- 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:47,800
- I never thought
- I'd become so long-winded over time.
- 83
- 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:50,760
- Andrew, help me out!
- 84
- 00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:57,160
- Mister, Doctor,
- Colonel Andrew Morgan, called Drew,
- 85
- 00:07:57,200 --> 00:08:03,240
- will be my second-in-command during Expedition 61,
- when I take command of the Station.
- 86
- 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:08,320
- We've known each other since 2013,
- working together during these years,
- 87
- 00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:10,360
- but, during this last year and a half,
- 88
- 00:08:10,400 --> 00:08:16,480
- we've trained together
- in the United States, Japan, in Europe,
- 89
- 00:08:16,520 --> 00:08:19,840
- underwater,
- hours and hours of work together.
- 90
- 00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:22,160
- So, when we leave on July 20th,
- 91
- 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:25,480
- I think we'll have a really good time.
- 92
- 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:27,960
- Yes, I agree.
- 93
- 00:08:38,560 --> 00:08:41,200
- I should have brought my guitar, man.
- 94
- 00:08:41,240 --> 00:08:44,080
- Ladies and gentlemen...
- 95
- 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:50,360
- # Superman!
- La la la la, Superman! #
- 96
- 00:08:52,840 --> 00:09:01,280
- # Superman!
- La la la la, Superman! La la la la, Superman! #
- 97
- 00:09:24,080 --> 00:09:27,200
- According to Russian tradition,
- after the training phase
- 98
- 00:09:27,240 --> 00:09:32,200
- begins the theoretical phase
- which ends with practical exams.
- 99
- 00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:37,080
- There are two phases to the exams:
- 100
- 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:40,600
- the commander and the pilot of the Soyuz
- 101
- 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:45,240
- must take individual exams
- before a commission
- 102
- 00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:49,280
- to show they are able
- to intervene manually in the phases
- 103
- 00:09:49,320 --> 00:09:53,760
- of flight with the Soyuz
- that are most complex, dangerous.
- 104
- 00:09:54,360 --> 00:10:00,920
- The first is the approach, the second
- is contact with the Station, the docking,
- 105
- 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:03,520
- and the third is the re-enter phase.
- 106
- 00:10:14,920 --> 00:10:19,240
- It is tradition
- to sign a large book after the exam,
- 107
- 00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:21,320
- in Gagarin's office.
- 108
- 00:10:22,480 --> 00:10:26,080
- Everything here is exactly as it was
- on the date and time of his death
- 109
- 00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:30,800
- on March 27, 1968,
- at just 34 years of age.
- 110
- 00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:45,480
- Let's go. It's our bus.
- 111
- 00:10:57,960 --> 00:11:03,120
- Before leaving, every astronaut
- lays a carnation at the Kremlin wall
- 112
- 00:11:03,160 --> 00:11:05,800
- where Yuri Gagarin's tomb is.
- 113
- 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:09,880
- It's a tradition
- and a mandatory gesture.
- 114
- 00:11:54,200 --> 00:11:58,400
- These days are the last with my family
- before our departure.
- 115
- 00:12:00,200 --> 00:12:02,800
- Then I will enter quarantine
- and be able to see them
- 116
- 00:12:02,840 --> 00:12:05,800
- only through a window,
- however, at a distance.
- 117
- 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:13,600
- Being a father...
- 118
- 00:12:14,440 --> 00:12:17,720
- should be a full time job
- 119
- 00:12:17,760 --> 00:12:21,160
- and for which no training exists.
- 120
- 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:26,040
- We start from zero
- and the moment our children are born,
- 121
- 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:30,440
- we must already be professionals
- and take the situation in hand.
- 122
- 00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:36,080
- There can be no training,
- because each child is a different world.
- 123
- 00:12:36,960 --> 00:12:41,600
- It's normal that distance creates stress.
- 124
- 00:12:41,640 --> 00:12:44,800
- In my experience, the only way
- 125
- 00:12:44,840 --> 00:12:49,360
- to relate to our children,
- to maintain that relationship,
- 126
- 00:12:49,400 --> 00:12:53,080
- is open communication from the start,
- 127
- 00:12:53,120 --> 00:12:58,120
- to help them see that to stand by them,
- physical presence isn't necessary.
- 128
- 00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:02,200
- Loving one's own children means
- 129
- 00:13:02,240 --> 00:13:05,040
- giving them the certainty
- 130
- 00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:08,600
- of your being there for them
- when they need you,
- 131
- 00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:12,640
- creating a virtual place
- 132
- 00:13:12,680 --> 00:13:15,360
- in which to take refuge at anytime.
- 133
- 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:17,160
- Sure, it's the hardest thing to do.
- 134
- 00:13:19,160 --> 00:13:24,240
- My role as a father
- is to give them the map,
- 135
- 00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:27,440
- the means to be able
- to realize their dreams.
- 136
- 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:31,400
- My task will be to urge them on,
- encourage them,
- 137
- 00:13:31,440 --> 00:13:35,280
- give support, offer a hand,
- but not give the direction.
- 138
- 00:13:38,280 --> 00:13:40,040
- I miss everything about Italy.
- 139
- 00:13:40,080 --> 00:13:45,080
- I left Sicily at 16 to go to America,
- 140
- 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:49,120
- right after that
- I entered the Air Force Academy.
- 141
- 00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:54,960
- I left Italy definitively
- in 2007 for France,
- 142
- 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,040
- then Germany and finally,
- the United States.
- 143
- 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:01,560
- I feel the distance.
- 144
- 00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:06,440
- I miss the Sicilian sea
- with its scents, its colors,
- 145
- 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:11,560
- but I'm the result
- of the life choice I made
- 146
- 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:14,680
- and so, I don't stand here reflecting
- 147
- 00:14:16,320 --> 00:14:18,880
- and complaining.
- 148
- 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:33,160
- When I go into space, I fly!
- 149
- 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:36,560
- And I'm going to America!
- 150
- 00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:43,360
- The Americans went to the moon,
- I want to go to America.
- 151
- 00:14:44,600 --> 00:14:48,000
- That's what I said as a child
- and so it was.
- 152
- 00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:57,520
- When I first arrived in America,
- I was still in high school.
- 153
- 00:14:57,560 --> 00:15:02,120
- Now my daughters study here and I work,
- have worked, at NASA
- 154
- 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:04,320
- here in Texas.
- 155
- 00:15:14,600 --> 00:15:18,280
- Today what we're gonna do
- is a quick shakeout run.
- 156
- 00:15:18,320 --> 00:15:22,600
- - What this will do is keep your body lose.
- - Alright. Let's do this.
- 157
- 00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:29,640
- To be Ironman still winning the title
- is fantastic.
- 158
- 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:34,920
- For those active in this sport,
- the Ironman Triathlon is a unique event.
- 159
- 00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:36,600
- Hi, everybody!
- 160
- 00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:44,640
- - How are things?
- - Fine. Hot?
- 161
- 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:46,080
- Hoof!
- 162
- 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:55,320
- I decided to prepare
- for Ironman while I was still in orbit, in 2013.
- 163
- 00:15:55,360 --> 00:16:00,480
- There's physical deterioration after a mission,
- and a long rehabilitation period.
- 164
- 00:16:00,520 --> 00:16:04,240
- I wanted to show it could be done
- within a year after returning to Earth.
- 165
- 00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:18,520
- Who could have guessed
- that for sport, I'd have swum 2.4 miles,
- 166
- 00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:22,160
- biked 112 miles
- and ended with a marathon?
- 167
- 00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:27,920
- Here I calculate the time
- for a full race.
- 168
- 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:38,600
- I'll describe a typical lunch.
- It really is my typical lunch.
- 169
- 00:16:38,640 --> 00:16:41,600
- I don't know if other athletes do this diet.
- I don't think so.
- 170
- 00:16:41,640 --> 00:16:44,680
- One measure of nuts,
- 171
- 00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:47,640
- I think they're called Brazil nuts,
- 172
- 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:50,520
- pumpkins seeds, two measures.
- 173
- 00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:57,200
- I hope Italian food-lovers
- and international chefs aren't aghast,
- 174
- 00:16:57,240 --> 00:16:59,080
- but this is my lunch.
- 175
- 00:16:59,120 --> 00:17:03,600
- My eating habits have changed
- through the years and will again.
- 176
- 00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:25,480
- The launch is one year away,
- I'm ending the theoretical part of my training,
- 177
- 00:17:25,520 --> 00:17:28,520
- now, at last, the practical part begins.
- 178
- 00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:45,040
- A spacesuit is called an EMU,
- Extravehicular Mobility Unit.
- 179
- 00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:48,480
- It's comprised of about
- 18 thousand parts.
- 180
- 00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:04,440
- The outside layer is puncture resistant,
- 181
- 00:19:04,480 --> 00:19:08,240
- it protects from extreme changes
- in temperature, solar radiation
- 182
- 00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:13,200
- and micrometeorites, that travel
- more than 27 miles per hour.
- 183
- 00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:16,520
- And I'd add:
- what a hole without it!
- 184
- 00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:21,080
- A spacesuit is
- the most expensive attire in the world,
- 185
- 00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:23,840
- it costs about 15 million dollars.
- 186
- 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:30,520
- Among the materials used for the outside
- are: nylon, neoprene and Gore-Tex.
- 187
- 00:19:31,240 --> 00:19:34,280
- Underneath we wear a special garment
- 188
- 00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:37,240
- that is called LCVG,
- Liquid Cooling and Venting Garment,
- 189
- 00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:42,920
- covered in cooling tubes
- to the length of about 300 feet.
- 190
- 00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:48,560
- And we use cooled water
- to maintain a constant body temperature
- 191
- 00:19:48,600 --> 00:19:52,560
- during extra-vehicular activity,
- or EVA.
- 192
- 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:59,080
- A spacesuit permits
- the dispersion of body heat,
- 193
- 00:19:59,120 --> 00:20:02,560
- the controlling of connections,
- and the communications needed
- 194
- 00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:05,520
- to monitor the state of health
- of the astronaut.
- 195
- 00:20:05,560 --> 00:20:11,520
- We also wear adult absorbent pads
- to accumulate urine.
- 196
- 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:14,560
- I didn't wear diapers
- as a child
- 197
- 00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:18,400
- but I had to wear them in space
- at 42 years of age!
- 198
- 00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:35,640
- The spacesuit weighs
- about 308 pounds here on Earth.
- 199
- 00:20:38,360 --> 00:20:41,680
- Training has saved my life many times,
- 200
- 00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:46,560
- both as a pilot and during my second EVA,
- 201
- 00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:49,520
- when the spacesuit had a failure.
- 202
- 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:55,520
- - Action!
- - Yes!
- 203
- 00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:02,120
- Food tastes the same in space,
- 204
- 00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:05,360
- but it's the way it's eaten
- that can be galactic!
- 205
- 00:21:10,560 --> 00:21:12,440
- It's like a rainbow of colors in here!
- 206
- 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:15,280
- Space food is no different
- than food on Earth.
- 207
- 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:18,320
- To take it into space,
- it must be pre-cooked
- 208
- 00:21:18,360 --> 00:21:22,200
- or ready-to-eat, maybe adding water.
- 209
- 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:33,120
- Ready?
- 210
- 00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:37,880
- - Say it.
- - Three... two... one!
- 211
- 00:21:38,920 --> 00:21:40,160
- Oh!
- 212
- 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:43,400
- Well, we guess we do.
- 213
- 00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:01,240
- Good morning!
- 214
- 00:22:02,880 --> 00:22:05,440
- NASA trainers call them "Acers",
- 215
- 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:10,560
- it's an acronym to indicate
- 216
- 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:15,080
- they're both exercisers and trainers
- of our physiological recovery.
- 217
- 00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:22,280
- In space, muscles atrophy
- 218
- 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:26,680
- and there are problems of osteoporosis
- due to the lack of vitamin D
- 219
- 00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:30,520
- given the impossibility
- of being in the open air.
- 220
- 00:22:38,360 --> 00:22:43,600
- All astronauts do 2.5 hours
- of mandatory physical activity
- 221
- 00:22:43,640 --> 00:22:48,240
- to avoid muscle complications
- caused by microgravity.
- 222
- 00:22:58,320 --> 00:23:02,600
- There's also
- a galactic vision... in all senses.
- 223
- 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:14,440
- With less gravity,
- the body tends to lengthen.
- 224
- 00:23:14,480 --> 00:23:17,640
- I think I lengthened almost 2 inches.
- 225
- 00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:51,600
- Training in the pool
- is one of my favorites.
- 226
- 00:23:51,640 --> 00:23:57,760
- It puts you close to space conditions
- while still on Earth.
- 227
- 00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:13,040
- Dressing seems
- very complicated on Earth,
- 228
- 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:16,840
- in orbit it is too,
- but for different reasons.
- 229
- 00:24:16,880 --> 00:24:21,440
- Here, it's a problem
- of gravity and dimensions.
- 230
- 00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:25,760
- In orbit it's harder to get inside
- 231
- 00:24:25,800 --> 00:24:29,920
- because we can't push ourselves
- into the spacesuit,
- 232
- 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:36,080
- so, in a certain sense, although it's different,
- it's realistic for when we're in orbit.
- 233
- 00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:56,480
- The pool at NASA
- is one of the largest in the world.
- 234
- 00:24:56,520 --> 00:25:02,080
- 202 feet long, 101 feet wide
- and 40 feet deep.
- 235
- 00:25:06,720 --> 00:25:11,440
- Under the water is a partial replica
- of the International Space Station.
- 236
- 00:25:11,480 --> 00:25:15,720
- The advantage of working underwater
- is that the spacesuit is,
- 237
- 00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:18,080
- as far as possible, in neutral balance.
- 238
- 00:25:18,120 --> 00:25:21,680
- This allows us
- to get familiar with the spacesuit,
- 239
- 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:24,160
- which would normally weigh
- hundreds of pounds,
- 240
- 00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:27,640
- without the exertion
- of this weight on you.
- 241
- 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:32,960
- What we need to understand
- when we work in the pool
- 242
- 00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:36,200
- is the exertion, frustration
- 243
- 00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:40,400
- of working in a very strenuous,
- pressurized environment
- 244
- 00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:43,240
- in which movement is limited.
- 245
- 00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:49,840
- It's a full-scale, 360-degree training,
- with similarities and diversities,
- 246
- 00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:53,200
- but, in general,
- it's an extraordinary training.
- 247
- 00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:58,600
- The only type of training
- that teaches the use of a spacesuit.
- 248
- 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:06,160
- And you cut out a little bit...
- 249
- 00:26:06,200 --> 00:26:10,880
- A spacesuit is
- totally isolated, pressurized.
- 250
- 00:26:10,920 --> 00:26:14,560
- The pressurization gives
- an atmosphere inside the spacesuit,
- 251
- 00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:17,080
- when in extra-vehicular activity
- or underwater,
- 252
- 00:26:17,120 --> 00:26:20,520
- so not to be crushed
- by the pressure of the water.
- 253
- 00:26:21,360 --> 00:26:26,080
- From a physical standpoint, it's one
- of our most complex training drills
- 254
- 00:26:26,120 --> 00:26:32,160
- because it's like doing endurance sport activity,
- therefore, long duration.
- 255
- 00:26:32,200 --> 00:26:35,760
- We spend six hours underwater,
- more than seven inside the spacesuit,
- 256
- 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:39,400
- including pressurization,
- dressing and so on.
- 257
- 00:26:39,440 --> 00:26:42,240
- It's exhausting,
- 258
- 00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:48,360
- we can't eat,
- we have only half a quart of water
- 259
- 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:51,320
- and all movement is extremely tiring.
- 260
- 00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:57,520
- My hands are white, this is due to
- the pressure of the spacesuit.
- 261
- 00:26:57,560 --> 00:27:02,080
- My nails are a bit ruined
- because of the pressure of the gloves.
- 262
- 00:27:02,120 --> 00:27:05,520
- The spacesuit
- is adapted to each astronaut,
- 263
- 00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:10,400
- but it's not tailor-made,
- so there are some constrictions.
- 264
- 00:27:13,720 --> 00:27:17,200
- # La la la la, Superman! #
- 265
- 00:27:17,240 --> 00:27:22,240
- # La la la la, Superman!
- La la la la! #
- 266
- 00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:25,600
- We begin with the wet suit,
- the number-slot belt.
- 267
- 00:27:29,520 --> 00:27:31,520
- We go over the checklist.
- 268
- 00:27:32,720 --> 00:27:35,520
- Okay, we're good to go.
- 269
- 00:27:39,680 --> 00:27:42,520
- The Ironman Triathlon
- started in Hawaii.
- 270
- 00:27:42,560 --> 00:27:47,040
- It was born in Honolulu
- as the result of a bet.
- 271
- 00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:52,760
- Some athletes were chatting
- about which sport,
- 272
- 00:27:52,800 --> 00:27:57,720
- which athlete,
- had the greatest endurance.
- 273
- 00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:01,560
- "Let's have a race
- in which we combine all three!"
- 274
- 00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:08,520
- One of them said: "The one who wins
- will be called Ironman".
- 275
- 00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:19,800
- And now to bed early,
- wake-up is before dawn.
- 276
- 00:28:19,840 --> 00:28:22,960
- At 5:30 I have to be there.
- 277
- 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:28,160
- # La la la la, Superman! #
- Superman!
- 278
- 00:28:36,400 --> 00:28:38,360
- It's 6:40.
- 279
- 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:43,080
- I'm about to head to the starting area,
- my heat starts at 7:15.
- 280
- 00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:48,040
- I got up at 4:30 for breakfast.
- 281
- 00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:51,280
- I prepared my emplacement
- 282
- 00:28:51,320 --> 00:28:55,640
- with my shoes and helmet for the bike,
- and my running shoes.
- 283
- 00:28:55,680 --> 00:28:57,960
- We'll be starting soon.
- 284
- 00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:57,280
- JAXA, JAPAN
- 285
- 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:02,360
- This is JAXA,
- the Japanese Space Agency.
- 286
- 00:31:09,280 --> 00:31:13,360
- - Thanks very much. I'm Maria. - Yeah?
- - Yeah! - How are you?
- 287
- 00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:18,120
- All the astronauts
- tasked to the International Space Station
- 288
- 00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:20,960
- must do a training period here
- 289
- 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:25,160
- which varies according to
- the type of training necessary
- 290
- 00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:29,040
- and the level
- of professionalism required.
- 291
- 00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,240
- You pass from a basic level, "user",
- 292
- 00:31:35,280 --> 00:31:37,360
- to a middle level, "operator"
- 293
- 00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:41,240
- and then to a higher level,
- "specialist".
- 294
- 00:31:41,280 --> 00:31:47,520
- Good point! Yeah, good point.
- No doubt, yeah. The entrance.
- 295
- 00:31:49,120 --> 00:31:53,080
- On my first mission, Volare,
- in 2013, I was at the "user" level,
- 296
- 00:31:53,120 --> 00:31:57,960
- so I came only once,
- for about a week.
- 297
- 00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:03,880
- This time, with Expedition 60-61,
- I am at the "operator" level.
- 298
- 00:32:03,920 --> 00:32:06,880
- This is my first week of training,
- 299
- 00:32:06,920 --> 00:32:11,720
- there will be another
- in the second phase of training,
- 300
- 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:14,360
- about six months before departure.
- 301
- 00:32:16,160 --> 00:32:21,320
- There is a mock-up of "kibo",
- in the Japanese lab,
- 302
- 00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:25,760
- the logistics part and the robot arm.
- 303
- 00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:27,000
- So this is...
- 304
- 00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:29,720
- Lazy back then.
- It's a solution we have...
- 305
- 00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:33,680
- In the next few days
- I will train and use these elements,
- 306
- 00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:37,600
- both to resolve emergencies
- 307
- 00:32:37,640 --> 00:32:42,000
- and to do routine work
- in the normal phases of utilization.
- 308
- 00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:50,840
- The Japanese lab "kibo"
- 309
- 00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:55,640
- is the largest and most modern module
- of the International Space Station.
- 310
- 00:32:55,680 --> 00:33:00,440
- It is very well-lighted, well-made
- and has several unique characteristics.
- 311
- 00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:12,200
- Besides, I've always loved
- Japanese cartoons and robots.
- 312
- 00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:15,960
- Good morning.
- 313
- 00:33:28,880 --> 00:33:30,760
- - It's fish.
- - Yeah.
- 314
- 00:33:31,920 --> 00:33:35,200
- The sushi train's begun, time to eat.
- 315
- 00:34:07,240 --> 00:34:10,920
- To know a culture,
- you need to identify
- 316
- 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:15,040
- with all the phases of a person's life,
- 317
- 00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:16,800
- including entertainment.
- 318
- 00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:27,040
- Kenji explained a tradition
- for all those who approach the temple.
- 319
- 00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:33,240
- You're presenting yourself
- before the god or gods
- 320
- 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:39,640
- and you must purify your hands and mouth
- with the pure water of the fountain.
- 321
- 00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:56,720
- It's a little like fortune cookies,
- 322
- 00:34:56,760 --> 00:35:03,800
- by making a small offering,
- you can fish a note to foresee the future.
- 323
- 00:35:03,840 --> 00:35:06,560
- Let's see what Kenji-San
- reads on my note.
- 324
- 00:35:13,120 --> 00:35:16,320
- He told me I must
- be careful on my travels,
- 325
- 00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:18,960
- something regarding flames or fire.
- 326
- 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:22,240
- So, I'd better prepare
- for a fire emergency on board.
- 327
- 00:35:29,520 --> 00:35:33,760
- Fear is not weakness,
- the opposite, in fear courage is shown.
- 328
- 00:35:34,560 --> 00:35:38,200
- Fear is a tool that allows us to survive.
- 329
- 00:36:17,120 --> 00:36:21,440
- Baikonur in Kazakhstan
- was the world's first launching site.
- 330
- 00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:24,920
- BAIKONUR, KAZAKHSTAN
- 331
- 00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:31,920
- It was built by the Soviet Union
- and is now under Russian administration.
- 332
- 00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:36,960
- It remained secret for years!
- 333
- 00:36:48,880 --> 00:36:52,960
- From here departed Sputnik,
- the first artificial satellite,
- 334
- 00:36:53,000 --> 00:36:55,280
- on October 4, 1957.
- 335
- 00:36:57,800 --> 00:37:02,640
- From here departed
- the first manned launch, in 1961.
- 336
- 00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:12,240
- From here departed the first woman
- in space, Valentina Tereshkova, in 1963.
- 337
- 00:37:16,840 --> 00:37:21,040
- From here I departed
- and am about to depart again.
- 338
- 00:37:30,520 --> 00:37:35,880
- From here departed Laika, the first dog
- in space, dying after only a few hours.
- 339
- 00:37:40,240 --> 00:37:43,400
- The cosmodrome observes strict criteria:
- 340
- 00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:48,360
- 4,163 square miles
- in the heart of the Kazakh Steppa,
- 341
- 00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:51,480
- built in a secret, deserted place.
- 342
- 00:39:08,760 --> 00:39:13,520
- The Baikonur base is equipped
- for the departure of space vehicles
- 343
- 00:39:13,560 --> 00:39:16,240
- both with or without a human crew.
- 344
- 00:40:04,400 --> 00:40:06,160
- Although there is
- no clear distinction
- 345
- 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:08,120
- between the atmosphere and outer space,
- 346
- 00:40:08,160 --> 00:40:11,600
- there is an imaginary line,
- called the Kármán line,
- 347
- 00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:14,000
- at 62 miles from the surface.
- 348
- 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:19,160
- Scientists say the Earth's atmosphere
- encounters outer space at that point.
- 349
- 00:40:24,120 --> 00:40:29,880
- At Baikonur, many traditions
- and superstitions are respected.
- 350
- 00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:32,760
- The blessing of the rocket
- is one of these.
- 351
- 00:41:03,040 --> 00:41:06,080
- This town
- was built in the desert
- 352
- 00:41:06,120 --> 00:41:09,000
- as support for the workers
- at the Center.
- 353
- 00:41:10,680 --> 00:41:15,840
- It attained city status only in 1966.
- 354
- 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:41,800
- Here Gagarin spent
- his last night before going into space.
- 355
- 00:41:41,840 --> 00:41:47,760
- They say there was security to prevent escape
- due to an eventual reconsideration,
- 356
- 00:41:47,800 --> 00:41:50,040
- but it never happened.
- 357
- 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:57,200
- In the next room were doctors
- responsible for checking his health.
- 358
- 00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:25,160
- Here, the first machines began,
- 359
- 00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:27,680
- older-generation flight systems,
- 360
- 00:42:27,720 --> 00:42:32,080
- but solid and functional,
- improved launch after launch.
- 361
- 00:42:57,680 --> 00:43:00,400
- My isolation wing.
- 362
- 00:43:13,600 --> 00:43:18,680
- I'm climbing the stairs
- to the area where the astronauts live
- 363
- 00:43:18,720 --> 00:43:21,120
- during their quarantine.
- 364
- 00:43:21,160 --> 00:43:26,360
- This is the common area
- we've made into a small snack bar.
- 365
- 00:43:26,400 --> 00:43:29,120
- It's the first time we've used this area.
- 366
- 00:43:30,480 --> 00:43:33,000
- Here we can relax
- 367
- 00:43:33,040 --> 00:43:37,160
- when we're not involved
- in lessons or training.
- 368
- 00:43:38,840 --> 00:43:41,720
- These are our rooms, they're brand new,
- 369
- 00:43:41,760 --> 00:43:46,480
- they were realized
- expressly for my expedition,
- 370
- 00:43:46,520 --> 00:43:49,160
- my crew and I
- were the first to occupy them.
- 371
- 00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:52,840
- This is my room, number 304.
- 372
- 00:43:56,720 --> 00:43:59,840
- About twenty days ago
- I attained the rank of colonel,
- 373
- 00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:05,800
- but I couldn't have a ceremony
- to validate my promotion in rank.
- 374
- 00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:08,440
- - Congratulations.
- - Thank you.
- 375
- 00:44:18,080 --> 00:44:22,520
- Whoever leaves Earth from here
- must first plant a tree.
- 376
- 00:44:23,480 --> 00:44:27,840
- To date, there have been 227 of us,
- even Gagarin did.
- 377
- 00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:36,200
- One day,
- 6 hours and 24 minutes till departure.
- 378
- 00:44:45,960 --> 00:44:49,360
- This is the last good-bye to my family,
- 379
- 00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:54,360
- I'm behind the window
- and they're here waving to me.
- 380
- 00:44:54,400 --> 00:44:55,960
- - Hi!
- - Hi.
- 381
- 00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,760
- The next time I'll be in my spacesuit.
- 382
- 00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:04,520
- - Hi.
- - Hi!
- 383
- 00:45:13,560 --> 00:45:15,680
- We've very close to departure.
- 384
- 00:45:15,720 --> 00:45:19,160
- We're ready,
- an entirely new adventure is starting.
- 385
- 00:47:29,120 --> 00:47:34,160
- During the first radio call,
- you have to say something more than "hi".
- 386
- 00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:39,080
- You can even say, "Hi Dad".
- That would be good.
- 387
- 00:47:40,960 --> 00:47:43,360
- The boots are Prada.
- 388
- 00:47:47,600 --> 00:47:50,640
- These boots are not made for walking.
- 389
- 00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:55,480
- They are like size 55.
- 390
- 00:47:56,120 --> 00:47:59,080
- Cause they go on top of the spacesuit.
- 391
- 00:47:59,120 --> 00:48:06,720
- And we only use them once, from here to the bus
- and from the bus to the rocket. And that's it.
- 392
- 00:48:07,480 --> 00:48:08,480
- So...
- 393
- 00:48:37,520 --> 00:48:38,800
- Go for it!
- 394
- 00:48:38,840 --> 00:48:41,320
- Great Luca! Go Luca!
- 395
- 00:49:11,960 --> 00:49:15,280
- It's a moment
- of great emotion for everyone.
- 396
- 00:49:15,320 --> 00:49:19,080
- Maybe the greatest emotion
- is that of a father
- 397
- 00:49:19,120 --> 00:49:22,520
- who cannot hug his daughters.
- 398
- 00:49:49,840 --> 00:49:53,600
- I was the first Italian
- to walk in space.
- 399
- 00:49:53,640 --> 00:49:55,760
- To date, I hold the European record:
- 400
- 00:49:55,800 --> 00:49:59,560
- 33 hours and 9 minutes of space walk.
- 401
- 00:50:08,600 --> 00:50:11,880
- I'm the only one to have done
- a concert from space
- 402
- 00:50:11,920 --> 00:50:15,520
- and to have played records
- for a party above Earth.
- 403
- 00:50:19,800 --> 00:50:24,520
- Under my command there was
- the first Arab astronaut in orbit.
- 404
- 00:50:28,000 --> 00:50:33,280
- Under my command there was
- the first space walk made solely by women.
- 405
- 00:50:33,320 --> 00:50:36,800
- October 18 will remain in history.
- 406
- 00:50:44,640 --> 00:50:48,920
- I hold the record
- for European extra-vehicular activity, six.
- 407
- 00:51:11,360 --> 00:51:16,640
- Space is the metaphor
- of a story of successes and hard work,
- 408
- 00:51:16,680 --> 00:51:20,560
- the symbol of humanity's desire
- to exceed itself.
- 409
- 00:51:20,600 --> 00:51:24,120
- The world must go on,
- 410
- 00:51:24,160 --> 00:51:26,200
- it must go beyond.
- 411
- 00:51:34,480 --> 00:51:36,720
- Commander Parmitano
- is an extraordinary person.
- 412
- 00:51:36,760 --> 00:51:37,960
- Hi, ya all!
- 413
- 00:51:38,000 --> 00:51:40,760
- Parmitano for Italians
- 414
- 00:51:40,800 --> 00:51:43,480
- is a wonderful example.
- 415
- 00:51:43,520 --> 00:51:46,720
- # Clappin' hands,
- dancin' people in the stands. #
- 416
- 00:51:46,760 --> 00:51:50,480
- I'd never heard of
- a singing astronaut.
- 417
- 00:51:50,520 --> 00:51:51,720
- But he kept perfect time.
- 418
- 00:51:51,760 --> 00:51:55,800
- # I don't get bored,
- no I don't get bored... #
- 419
- 00:51:55,840 --> 00:52:00,320
- There are women you can't dance with.
- What about sex in orbit?
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