2018-02-27 TOEFL: word roots, reading inference

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots - List 3 - With your partner, try to explain the meaning of each root with one or two words.
ego (egotistical, egomania) = self
endo (endotherm, endocrine) = in/inside
epi (epiphyte, epidermis, epidemic) = upon
equi (equidistant, equation) = same quantity
erg (ergonomic, energy) = work
esth/aesth (anesthetic, kinesthesia) = feeling/sense/perception (Many words that start with “aesth” have to do with beauty.)
eu (euphemism, euphoria) = good
ex/ect (ex-husband, exit, excavate, ectotherm) = out
extra (extraordinary, extrovert, extraterrestrial) = outward/beyond
fac/fact (artifact, factory) = make
fer (transfer, ferry) = carry
flect/flex (deflect, reflection, flexible) = bend
fore (foreground, forecast) = front/before (“front”, “first”, “fore”, “pre”, “prim”, “pro” - these are all related)
fract/frag (fracture, fragment) = break
fug (refugee, fugitive) = flee
funct (function, defunct) = perform
gen (generation, generate, genealogy, genre) = make (related to “kind”)
geo (geography, geology, geocentric) = Earth
graph (autograph, graphite, seismograph) = write/draw (sometimes more generally “communicate”)
grat (gratify, gratuity, grateful) = please
helio (heliocentric, heliograph) = Sun
hemo (hemophilia, hemorrhage, hemoglobin) = blood
hetero (heterogeneous, heteronym) = different
homo (homogeneous, homonym) = same (quality, not quantity)
hydro (hydrate, hydraulic, hydrophobia) = water/fluid
hyper (hyperextend, hyperactive, hypertension) = over
hypo (hypodermic, hypothermia, hypotension) = under
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hyper/super/ultra/over
hypo/sub/infra/under
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- inference
- paraphrase
- negative fact
- fact
- purpose
- reference
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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Inference Questions
DELTA p. 76 - Read (skim) the passage and answer the two inference questions (try not to read anything outside the boxes of text). C, D
- Why are the other answers wrong?
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BREAK
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 200-201 exercise R15 - Take 8 minutes to read the sentences and choose the correct inference(s) that can be made from each sentence. Compare your answers with your partner and try to convince them yours are better if you disagree.
1 C
2 B
3 B D
4 A B
5 B C
6 B D
7 A C
8 B
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Don’t just read the paragraph and think of what you can infer and then look for that answer. You should read the answer choices and decide, for each one, whether that information can be inferred from the text.
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p. 204 exercise R17 - Is each statement a correct inference?
1 Y
2 Y
3 N (cum hoc ergo propter hoc - The incorrect inference that because two things happened together, one must have been the cause of the other.)
4 Y
5 N
6 Y
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p. 204-206 exercise R18 - Is each statement a correct Inference, just a Restatement of information from the paragraph, or Neither?
1 I I R
2 I R I
3 R I R
4 R I R
5 I I N
6 R I N
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Homework: Handout p. 202-204 exercise R16, DELTA p. 87-89 exercise 1.4.C