2016-12-20 TOEFL: word roots, college vocab

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/is-there-a-limit-to-technological-progress-clement-vidal
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Word Roots 3 - Write one or two words to explain the meaning of each root
ego = self
endo = inside
equi = same
erg = work
esth/aesth = feeling (anesthesia = without feeling, kinesthesia = feeling movement or bodily position)
	(esthetics/aesthetics - related to beauty, not to another feeling)
eu = good
ex = out (or former, with the hyphen as in ex-girlfriend)
extra = beyond
fac/fact = make (“manufacture” originally meant making something by hand)
fer = move/carry
flect/flex = bend
fore = front (“fore”, “front”, “pre” all come from the same root; “first” comes from “fore” + -est)
fract/frag = break
fug = flee/escape
funct = work/perform
gen = make/create
geo = Earth
graph = write/draw
grat = please/thank
helio = sun
hemo = blood
hetero = different
homo = same
hydro = water (or fluid more generally)
hyper = over
hypo = under
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There are often two (or more) roots that have similar meanings, but which come from different languages.
fore = pre = front/before
tell = dict
“foretell” and “predict” seem to mean the same thing, though “foretell” usually connotes something magical or supernatural
“hindsight” and “retrospect” do mean more or less the same thing
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over/under - overeat/undereat, overweight/underweight
hyper/hypo - hyperthermia/hypothermia, hypertension/hypotension
super/sub - supersonic/subsonic (= the velocity)
ultra/infra - ultrasonic/infrasonic (= the frequency)
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Handout: College Campus Vocabulary p. 72 - Explain in your own words what each of these college-related words means.
academic advisor (the -or spelling is more common after “academic”) = someone who gives advice about your academic courses and major, etc.
elective = optional class that is part of your degree (e.g. you may have to choose four from a list of 20 offered classes)
scholarship = money to help students pay for school (usually merit-based and not a loan)
financial aid = money to help (usually need-based)
transcript = document that shows your grades in every class you took
	(A report card is a document you get every term with your grades for just those classes.)
grad(uate) school = study that follows a (usually 4-year) undergraduate (bachelor’s) degree
freshman (or sometimes “frosh”) = first-year student in high school or college
sophomore = second-year student (in HS or college)
junior = third-year student (in HS or college)
(senior = fourth-year or last-year student; “super-senior” is sometimes used for a fifth-year senior)
(grad student = student in grad school)
major = primary area of study (“career” in English means only what you do for your job)
(minor = secondary area of study, with fewer requirements)
credit = “unit” of study, usually equivalent to one class hour per week for a semester
    (these are sometimes referred to as credit-hours)
assignment = task you must complete for a course
due date = deadline for completing an assignment
extension = extra time to complete a task
tuition = fees for instruction (not residence, food, or supplies)
dorm(itory) = residence for students to live on campus
make-up test = a test held on a later date (because you missed the original test)
absent = not present in class
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p. 73 part A - Complete the sentences with words from the chart.
1 absent, make-up test
2 grad school / scholarships / financial aid, academic advisor
3 scholarships / financial aid, tuition
4 credits
5 dorm, freshman
6 Assignments, due date
7 transcript
8 major, sophomore
part B - Complete the conversation with words from the chart.
1 dorm
2 scholarship
3 tuition
4 financial aid
5 freshman
6 sophomore
7 due dates
8 assignments
9 academic advisor
10 grad school
part C - Read the paragraph, then write the bold word that goes with each definition.
1 declare
2 GPA (grade-point average; usually out of a maximum of 4.0)
3 semester
4 faculty
5 associate’s degree
6 commencement
7 community college
8 mandatory
9 prerequisites
10 transfer
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Campus vocabulary is useful for every conversation you listen to on the TOEFL:
- 2-3 in the Listening section (one for each set)
- speaking question 3 (about a student’s opinion of a campus announcement)
- speaking question 5  (about solutions to a student’s problem)
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Speaking Task 5
- Listen to a conversation in which a student describes a problem and one or both speakers discuss possible solutions to the problem
- Read and hear the question
- 20 seconds to prepare
- 60 seconds to speak (describe the problem, list the solutions, state your opinion, give reasons)
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DELTA p. 311 - Listen to the conversation and take notes.
What problem does the woman have? She’s feeding a cat, but her apartment doesn’t allow cats.
What solutions do the speakers discuss? Give it to her mother or look for a new apartment.
What do you think she should do, and why?
- You can argue for a third option that they don’t discuss, as long as you can support it with two good reasons.
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Your response should have these parts:
1 Summary of the problem.
2 List the solutions they discuss. (Don’t give details here, just state the solutions.)
3 Give your opinion. (“I think she should…”)
4 Lead-in: “I have two reasons for this choice.”
5 Reason 1 (advantage of your choice or disadvantage of the other choice)
6 Reason 2 (advantage of your choice or disadvantage of the other choice)
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DELTA cd 5 track 25 - Listen and take notes.