2014-07-18 Structure: reported speech and verbs

p. 182 exercise 2
The headline (from last year) said...
2 scientist Linda Buck had unlocked the secret of the sense of smell.
3 Mount Saint Andrea might erupt again.
4 a new tax cut would be passed soon.
5 unemployment was increasing.
6 mercury-contaminated fish is/was dangerous to eat.
7 a face transplante procedure had been perfected by Spanish surgeons.
8 three local schools would close the following month.
				(or: the next month)
The school will   close   next month.
The school will be closed next month.
"Close" is an ergative verb: it can be transitive or not.
We closed the school. / The school closed.
 I boiled some water. / The water boiled.

He said, "The school will close in two months."
-> He said the school would close in two months.
				  two months later.

He said, "The school closed two months ago.
-> He said the school had closed two months before.
				 two months earlier.
				 two months previously.

p. 183 exercise 3
2 Sammi asked, "Where was the Rosetta Stone found?"
3 Roberto asked, "How long did WWII last?"
4 Mei-ling asked, "What country was Magellan from?"
		  "Where was Magellan from?"
		  "What country did Magellan come from?"
5 William asked, "Can a person born outside the United States become pressident?"
6 Ewa asked, "In what century did the modern Olympics begin?"
7 Amanda asked, "How many countries have joined the EU?"
8 Zelda asked, "Is population growth increasing worldwide?"

"Where has the RS been found?" = it has been found recently
			     or: it's been found many times

"How long has it lasted?" = It is still happening today.

"How many countries joined the EU?" = No more can join it now.

 John: When did you arrive?
Susan: I arrived at 7.
 John: Was Mary with you at the time?
Susan: No, she wasn't.

	John closed and locked the door after he let her into the apartment. "When did you arrive" John asked.
	Susan set her bags on the floor and replied, "I arrived at 7."
	John asked, "Was Mary with you at the time?"
	"No, she wasn't."

Benefits of indirect speech:
- We can give information even if we forget the exact words.
- We can simplify the information someone tells us.

Benefits of direct speech:
- More literal. More connected to how things happened in reality.
- More interesting to read. You can see the actual conversation instead of just reading about the information people exchanged.
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	John locked the door, and Susan was like, "Why did you do that?"

She didn't necessarily say anything, or didn't say exactly those words, but that was the question she expressed.
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p. 190
A
1 it was
2 had finished
3 if she was
4 to be sure
5 not to
6 if he would
7 she would come by
8 could
B
1 if he would
2 told
3 , "I don't feel well." / (that) she didn't feel well.
4 needed
5 if he had ever
6 have seen
7 not to
8 "We didn't."
C
1 D - . (period / full stop)
2 A - told
3 C - does 'insipid' mean
4 A - said
5 C - if she could spend
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say SOMETHING (to someone)

tell SOMEONE (something)
exceptions: tell a story, tell a lie, tell the truth
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He denied that he had been cheating.
He said that he hadn't been cheating.

He complained that the weather was too hot.

Oh yeah, he mentioned that he would be a little late today.

He promised (me) that he would come on time.
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[email protected]
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Homework: Change the sentences on the handout to indirect
And: p. 185 in your book