2018-06-23 Saturday: 11 Connections

Greg Malivuk
[email protected] (I only check this from school.)
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2018-06-23 Saturday: 11 Connections”
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Homework: 9-10 test (You can find a digital copy and a link to the google form at http://bit.do/gmalivuksaturdaytest)
(Maria is number 9 and Valentina is number 10)
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p. 129 - What’s happening in the picture? Why is “discovered” in quotation marks?
A new planet was just discovered. (No one knew about it before.)
A new language was just “discovered”. (No one except the speakers knew about it before.)
Columbus “discovered” America. (No one except the 50 million people living here knew about it before.)
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part 2 - In pairs, complete these sentences (so they’re true for you, if possible).
1 I get the headlines on my cell phone, so I can be informed about what happens in the world.
  ...so I’ll read them later.
2 I don’t read the paper. It’s too boring.
  ...It’s too difficult for me to understand.
  ...It’s too inconvenient.
  ...It’s too big.
3 I don’t believe everything I read because maybe it’s not true.
  ...because the media could be manipulated.
4 I turn straight to the sports pages even though they aren’t interesting.
  ...even though I don’t care about soccer.
  ...even though I know other things are also important.
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p. 130 - Why is “uncontacted” in quotes? What problems or threats might this tribe face?
Read the text.
2008 = “two thousand eight” (or “twenty oh eight”)
28 = “twenty-eight”
“A picture is worth a thousand words.”
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Look at the highlighted sentences in the text. What did those people actually say?
Funai said that the tribe was under threat because of the logging.
	Funai said, “The tribe is under threat because of the logging.”
Some people asked if the tribe was truly uncontacted.
	Some people asked, “Is the tribe truly uncontacted?”
Survival International said that they were confident that the photos were genuine.
	Survival International said, “We are confident that the photos are genuine.”
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June 30 - Last day of this session.
August 4 - First day of the new session.
(No Saturday classes in July.)
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Grammar: Reported Speech
- We use this to report the content (information) of someone else’s speech.
(Quoted speech or direct speech reports the exact words someone else used.)
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Verb tenses, personal pronouns, and index or “pointing” words like “today”, “here”, “now”, often have to change between reported and quoted speech.
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David Hill explained that his organization wasn’t suggesting that the tribe had never had any contact with the outide world, but that they now lived without it.
	David Hill explained, “My organization isn’t suggesting that the tribe has never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now live without it.”
A Funai spokesperson said that one image had had more impact than one thousand reports.
	A spokesperson said, “One image has had more impact than one thousand reports.”
	(Contact with the tribe and the impact of the pictures can still continue, so use present perfect.)
Survival International said that the images had spread across the world within minutes.
	S.I. said, “The images spread across the world within minutes.”
	(The time “within minutes” is finished at the time speaking, so they use simple past.)
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The student asked how many countries had joined the League of Nations.
	“How many countries joined the League of Nations?”
The student asked how many countries had joined the United Nations.
	“How many countries have joined the United Nations?”
The student asked how many countries had started fighting in WW2 by the time the US entered it.
	“How many countries had started fighting in WW2 by the time the US entered it?”
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BREAK
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If “say” is in a past tense, the verbs backshift into a “more past” form.
present -> past
past -> past perfect
present perfect -> past perfect
	(past perfect stays the same)
will -> would
can -> could
may -> might
	(would/could/might stay the same)
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If “say” is in any present or future tense, verb tenses don’t need to change.
(Also, if I believe that the content is still true or always true, I don’t need to change the verbs.)
She said that water boils at 100 Celsius. (This is still true and always will be, so use present.)
She said that water boiled at 100 Fahrenheit. (This is not true, so change the tense.)
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p. 131 exercise 8 - With your partner, decide who probably said each thing, and change it to reported speech.
1 A Funai spokesperson said that they had taken the photos to show that those people really existed.
2 An anonymous poster asked how many tribes like that there were.
3 A language expert said that the term “uncontacted” was more of a media word than a scientific term.
4 An anonymous poster asked if/whether unseen tribes existed.
5 A Peruvian government official said that there was no evidence (that) they existed.
6 A Funai spokesperson said that if they/we didn’t save those tribes, that would happen to all of us.
	(“We” might mean everybody, and “us” definitely means everybody.)
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Vocabulary: communications technology
p. 132 part 1 - With your partner, use the words from the box to complete the sentences, and then ask and answer those questions with your partner.
1 Twitter
2 texting
3 Flickr
4 broadband (= fast connection to the Internet)
5 Skype
6 blog/tweet/ebook
wifi = wireless connection between your device and a router
blog = web+log
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p. 133 part 5 - Listen to the conversations and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1 The journalist asks her Twitter followers to suggest things to do.
2 The blog reminds readers not to use telescopes.
3 The company told people not to show up for work.
4 The politician has invited aliens to meet him.
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Reported speech connectors:
statements: “that” (optional) - She said that it was raining.
y/n questions: “if” or “whether” - She asked if it was raining.
wh- questions: the same wh-word - She asked how the weather was.
imperatives (instructions): infinitive - She told them to close the windows.
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We have to use the infinitive to report imperative sentences. We can also use it for any other sentence that is about future action instead of information.
- Speaker wants the listener to do something: orders, instructions, requests, invitations, reminders
	“Close the window.” -> I ordered/told her to close the window.
	“Could you please close the window?” -> I asked her to close the window.
	“Would you like to close the window?” -> I invited her to close the window.
	“Don’t forget to close the window.” -> I reminded her to close the window.
- Speaker wants to do something: offers and promises
	“I can close the window if you like.” -> I offered to close the window.
	“Don’t worry. I’ll close the window when I’m finished.” -> I promised to close the window.
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p. 133 part 11 - Use these bolded words to write these sentences in reported speech.
1 Marta reminded Amy to turn off her cell phone.
2 Jose asked Marta to set up his email.
3 Amy invited Jose to watch the movie on their new flat screen TV.
4 Marta told Amy to plug in the battery charger first.
5 Jose offered to upload those photos to the computer for Marta.
6 Amy promised to turn it off when she was done.
  (Amy promised Jose that she would turn it off when she was done.)
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Homework: read p. 135, do p. 134 parts 3 and 4
		p. 171 practice 1 and 2
		Write (in reported speech) about a short invented converstaion between you and someone (who conveniently speaks English) from a previously uncontacted tribe.