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- _________ _____ _______________ _____
- \_ ___ \\ \\___________ \____ / ____\ ~/.bash/cliref.md
- / \ \/| | | || _/ __ \ __\ copy/paste from whatisdb
- \ \___|__ |_|_ || | \ __/|_ | http://pastebin.com/yGmGiDQX
- \________ /_____ \_||____|_ /____ /_| [email protected]
- 20160515 \/ 1527 \/ \/ \/
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- alias CLIRef.txt='curl -s "http://pastebin.com/raw/yGmGiDQX" | less -i'
- alias CLIRef.md='lynx "https://gist.github.com/yunga/b036ac9749524e312fb8#file-cliref-md"'
- # Content #####################################################################
- Other Documentation | Getting Help | Interesting Pages
- | |
- Shells | Network | Directories
- Terminal Tools | Wireless | Files
- | Network Monitor | Pipes
- Setup | Network Tunnels | File Attributes
- System | Network Scan | File Find
- Kernel | Network Capture | File Compare
- Init and Runlevels | Network Filesystems | Binary Information
- Hardware | Network Apps | File Managers
- Filesystem Tools | Modem/Fax/GSM | Viewers
- Quota | Network File Transfer | Editors
- Processes | Browser | Text Utilities
- Performances | RSS Reader | Print
- User Management | Podcast | Compression
- User Information | Chat | Encryption
- Environment | EMail | Backup
- Security Context | Newsgroups | CD/DVD/BluRay
- | Websites |
- | |
- Development | ASCII Art | Numbers and Math
- Debugging | Images | Date and Time
- Revision Control | Vector Graphics | Schedule
- Database | 3D | Office
- | Videos | Spelling
- Games | Audio and Music | Publishing
- Screensavers | Audio Players | Task Managers
- Other | Audio Editing | Conversion
- X Windows | Midi |
- Funny | Text to Speech |
- # Other Documentation #########################################################
- ## Local directories
- manpages /usr/man/ /usr/share/man/
- infopages /usr/info/ /usr/share/info/
- packages /usr/doc/ /usr/share/doc/
- linux doc prj /usr/doc/ldp/ /usr/share/doc/ldp/
- howtos /usr/doc/howto/ /usr/share/doc/howto/
- mini howtos /usr/doc/howto/mini/ /usr/share/doc/howto/mini/
- kernel /usr/src/linux/documentation/
- x window /usr/x11r6/lib/x11/doc/
- apache /home/httpd/html/manual/ /var/www/html/manual/
- latex doc /usr/share/texmf/doc/latex/latex2e-html/
- tex /usr/share/texmf/doc/
- ## On the Web
- - The Linux man-pages project https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
- - Linux Manpages Online http://man.cx/
- - Ubuntu Manpage Repository http://manpages.ubuntu.com/
- - ArchWiki https://wiki.archlinux.org/
- - Debian Wiki https://wiki.debian.org/
- - The Debian Administrator's Handbook https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/
- - The Linux Documentation Project http://tldp.org/
- - GreyCat's wiki http://mywiki.wooledge.org/
- - Bash Hackers Wiki http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/
- - Rosetta Stone for Unix http://bhami.com/rosetta.html
- - Unix Toolbox http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml
- - Inconsolation https://inconsolation.wordpress.com/
- - Command Line Kung Fu http://blog.commandlinekungfu.com/
- - CommandLineFu http://www.commandlinefu.com/
- - Unix Mages http://unixmages.com/
- - SuperUser https://superuser.com/
- - Ask Ubuntu https://askubuntu.com/
- - Unix on StackExchange https://unix.stackexchange.com/
- - Shell subreddits
- https://www.reddit.com/r/bash+bashtricks+commandline+scriptswap+shell+zsh
- Tools:
- - ShellCheck http://www.shellcheck.net/
- - ExplainShell http://explainshell.com/
- - Coding Ground http://www.tutorialspoint.com/codingground.htm
- ## Manpages Sections on various platforms
- Section | General use on various unix platforms
- 0 | c library header files
- 1 | general commands
- 1c | communications
- 1g | graphics
- 1m | maintenance, system administration commands and daemons
- 2 | system calls
- 3 | library functions, in particular the c standard library
- 3c | c programming language
- 3f | fortran programming language
- 3m | miscellaneous programming routines
- 4 | special files, devices, drivers, formats and conventions
- 5 | file formats and conventions miscellanea
- 6 | games and screensavers
- 7 | miscellanea, special files, devices and drivers
- 8 | system administration commands and daemons
- 9 | kernel routines
- l | local, some programs install pages here instead of (1)
- n | tcl/tk keywords
- x | the x window system
- ?p | perl scripts man pages
- ?posix | posix man pages
- ?fun | funny command lines
- # Getting Help ################################################################
- man an interface to the on-line reference manuals
- apropos search the manual page names and descriptions
- whatis display manual page descriptions
- whichman search for a man page using a fault tolerant search
- info read info documents
- help shell built-in help
- debmany show documentation from installed packages
- debian-reference open the post-installation user's guide in browser
- type display information about command type
- konqueror browse man:/info:/perldoc:/etc. thanks to kio
- popbugs find release critical bugs in packages you use
- # Interesting Pages ###########################################################
- intro.1 user commands
- intro.2 system calls
- intro.3 library functions
- intro.4 special files
- intro.5 file formats
- intro.6 games
- intro.7 overview/conventions/miscellany section
- intro.8 administration and privileged commands
- undocumented.7 no manpage for this program, utility or function
- missing missing manual pages
- LDP linux documentation project with help and guides
- man-pages conventions for writing linux man pages
- environ user environment
- hier description of the filesystem hierarchy
- file-hierarchy file system hierarchy overview
- capabilities overview of linux capabilities
- signal overview of signals
- standards standards - c and unix standards
- units.7 units, kilo/kibi/mega, decimal and binary prefixes
- libc overview of standard c libraries on linux
- posixoptions optional parts of the posix standard
- errno look up errno names and descriptions
- errno.3 number of last error
- undocumented.3 undocumented library functions
- printf formatted output conversion
- strftime format date and time
- acl access control lists
- ascii report character aliases
- ascii.7 ascii characters in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
- unicode universal character set
- locale.7 description of multilanguage support
- readline get a line from a user with editing (inputrc)
- terminfo terminal capability data base
- bash gnu bourne-again shell
- zsh the z shell
- glob globbing pathnames
- regex posix.2 regular expressions
- pcrepattern pcre - perl-compatible regular expressions
- pcresyntax pcre - perl-compatible regex syntax summary
- perlintro brief introduction and overview of perl
- perlcheat perl 5 cheat sheet
- gittutorial a tutorial introduction to git
- random kernel random number source devices
- # Shells ######################################################################
- sh shell, the standard command language interpreter
- bash gnu bourne-again shell
- fish the friendly interactive shell
- zsh the z shell
- fizsh friendly interactive zshell
- ksh kornshell, a command and programming language
- pdksh legacy kornshell built on mksh
- mksh mirbsd kornshell
- csh a shell with c-like syntax
- tcsh c shell with file name completion and cli editing
- ash the almquist shell
- dash the debian almquist shell
- rc a shell for plan 9 and unix systems
- git-sh a git shell (bash)
- shellcheck analyzes shell scripts and points out typical issues
- # Terminal Tools ##############################################################
- screen screen manager with vt100/ansi terminal emulation
- tmux terminal multiplexer
- byobu wrapper script for seeding configuration to screen/tmux
- dvtm dynamic virtual terminal manager
- twin textmode window environment
- dtach program that emulates the detach feature of screen
- reptyr reparent a running program to a new terminal/screen
- kibitz allow two people to interact with one shell
- script make typescript of terminal session
- scriptreplay play back typescripts, using timing information
- ttyrec a tty recorder
- ttyplay player of the tty session recorded by ttyrec
- clear clear the screen
- reset terminal initialization
- openvt start a program on a new virtual terminal (vt)
- chvt change foreground virtual terminal
- deallocvt deallocate unused virtual terminals
- tty display the name of the terminal connected to stdin
- stty change and print terminal line settings
- tabs set terminal tabs
- setterm set terminal attributes
- tput change terminal characteristics
- tic the terminfo entry-description compiler
- toe table of (terminfo) entries
- infocmp compare or print out terminfo descriptions
- captoinfo convert a termcap description into terminfo description
- infotocap convert a terminfo description into termcap description
- # Setup #######################################################################
- apt-get apt package handling utility (debian)
- apt-config apt configuration query program
- apt-cache query the apt cache
- apt-file apt package searching utility
- dlocate program to view debian package information
- whohas find packages in various distributions repositories
- apt-mark mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
- debfoster weed unnecessary debian packages
- deborphan orphaned package finder
- dgrep grep through files belonging to an installed package
- dglob expand package names or files matching a pattern
- dpigs show which installed packages occupy the most space
- popularity-contest list the most popular packages on the system
- popcon-largest-unused list size of unused packages on the system
- popbugs find release critical bugs in packages used
- which-pkg-broke find which package might have broken another
- dpkg package manager for debian
- dpkg-reconfigure reconfigure an already installed package
- debconf run a debconf-using program
- debconf-get-selections output contents of debconf database
- debconf-set-selections insert new values into the debconf database
- update-alternatives maintain symlinks for default commands
- update-manager graphical management of software updates
- dselect debian package management frontend
- aptitude high-level interface to the package manager
- synaptic graphical management of software packages (xwindows)
- alien convert or install an alien binary package (rpm, deb)
- smart the smart package manager (apt/rpm/yum/etc)
- yum yellowdog updater modified (redhat)
- rpm rpm package manager (redhat)
- urpmi rpm downloader/installer/dependency solver (mandriva)
- zypper interface to zypp system management (opensuse)
- pacman package manager utility (archlinux)
- yaourt more than a frontend to pacman (archlinux)
- stow software package installation manager (with symlinks)
- checkrestart check which processes need a restart after an upgrade
- # System ######################################################################
- inxi lists kernel/drivers/cpu/ram/gcc/xorg/desktop/etc.
- nmon systems administrator, tuner, benchmark tool
- collectl collects data that describes the current system status
- binstats display statistics about programs and libraries
- uptime view the system load and how long it has been running
- times show process times for the shell and its child
- lsb_release print distribution-specific information
- uname print system/kernel information
- arch print machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
- nproc print the number of processing units available
- procinfo display system statistics gathered from /proc
- mpstat report processors related statistics
- saidar a curses-based tool for viewing system statistics
- perf-top system profiling tool
- lmbench system benchmarks
- sysbench a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
- sar collect, report, or save system activity information
- hostid print the numeric identifier for the current host
- free display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
- swapon enable device and file for paging and swapping
- swapoff disable devices and files for paging and swapping
- vmstat report virtual memory statistics
- dstat versatile tool for generating system resource stats
- iostat report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
- iotop simple top-like i/o monitor
- fio flexible i/o tester
- blktrace generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
- blockdev call block device ioctls from the command line
- slabtop display kernel slab cache information in real time
- tload graphic representation of system load average
- logger a shell interface to the syslog system log module
- logwatch system log analyzer and reporter
- swatch simple watcher
- imvirt detects several virtualizations
- # Kernel ######################################################################
- lsmod program to show the status of modules in linux kernel
- insmod simple program to insert a module into the linux kernel
- rmmod simple program to remove a module from the linux kernel
- modinfo program to show information about a linux kernel module
- modprobe program to add and remove modules from the linux kernel
- modconf a module configuration utility
- depmod program to generate modules.dep and map files
- sysctl configure kernel parameters at runtime
- # Init and Runlevels ##########################################################
- initctl upstart service configuration
- start init daemon control tool
- stop init daemon control tool
- status init daemon control tool
- chkconfig enable or disable system services
- service run a system v init script
- sysv-rc-conf run-level configuration for sysv like init script links
- runlevel output previous and current runlevel
- telinit change system runlevel
- checkrestart check which processes need a restart after an upgrade
- systemctl control the systemd system and service manager
- journalctl query the systemd journal
- loginctl control the systemd login manager
- halt reboot or stop the system
- reboot reboot or stop the system
- shutdown shutdown or restart the system
- poweroff reboot or stop the system
- # Hardware ####################################################################
- x86info display x86 cpu diagnostics
- dmesg print kernel and driver messages
- hdparm get/set sata/ide device parameters
- smartctl control and monitor utility for smart disks
- badblocks search a device for bad blocks
- setserial get/set linux serial port information
- wvdial ppp dialer with built-in intelligence
- lshw list hardware
- lshal lists all devices the hardware abstraction layer knows
- lsdev display information about installed hardware
- lsblk list block devices
- lsusb list usb devices
- lspci list all pci devices
- setpci configure pci devices
- pnpdump dump isa plug-and-play devices resource information
- isadump examine isa registers
- scsiinfo query information from a scsi device
- sginfo access mode page information for a scsi/atapi device
- sg_map displays mapping between linux sg and scsi devices
- udevadm udev management tool
- ethtool query or control network driver and hardware settings
- mii-tool view, manipulate media-independent interface status
- dmidecode dmi table decoder
- hwinfo probe for hardware
- acpitool acpi client, allowing you to query or set acpi values
- apm interface with the apm subsystem
- alsamixer soundcard mixer for alsa driver
- aumix adjust audio mixer
- pactl control a running pulseaudio sound server
- rexima a curses-based (and command-line) mixer
- alsactl advanced controls for alsa soundcard driver
- showkey examine the codes sent by the keyboard
- loadkeys load keyboard translation tables
- dumpkeys dump keyboard translation tables
- setleds set the keyboard leds
- imvirt detects several virtualizations
- # Filesystem Tools ############################################################
- df report file system disk space usage
- discus print a report of disk space usage
- mount mount a filesystem
- umount unmount file systems
- mhddfs combines a several mount points into a single one
- fusermount mount and unmount fuse filesystems
- findmnt find a filesystem
- mountpoint see if a directory is a mountpoint
- sync flush disk caches
- mkfs build a linux file system
- tune2fs adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
- fsck check and repair a linux file system
- badblocks search a device for bad blocks
- debugfs ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
- fdisk partition table manipulator for linux
- cfdisk curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator
- parted a partition manipulation program
- fdformat low-level format a floppy disk
- mtools utilities to access dos disks in unix
- lilo install linux boot loader
- grub install grand unified bootloader
- dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
- ddrescue data recovery tool
- dcfldd enhanced version of dd for forensics and security
- foremost recover files using their headers/footers/structures
- photorec recover lost files from hdisk, digital camera and cdrom
- safecopy data recovery tool
- # Quota #######################################################################
- quota display disk usage and limits
- repquota summarize quotas for a filesystem
- setquota set disk quotas
- edquota edit user quotas
- quotaon turn filesystem quotas on
- quotaoff turn filesystem quotas off
- quotacheck scan for disk usage, create, check, repair quota files
- convertquota convert quota from old file format to new one
- # Processes ###################################################################
- ps report a snapshot of the current processes
- w show who is logged on and what they are doing
- top monitor processes
- htop interactive process viewer
- atop at computing system & process monitor
- gitps a visual process viewer/killer (gnu interactive tools)
- glances a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool
- pidstat report statistics for linux tasks
- powertop program to analyze power consumption on intel laptops
- prtstat print statistics of a process
- pstree display a tree of processes
- whowatch console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool
- kill send a signal to a process
- killall kill all processes named proc
- pidof find the process id of a running program
- pkill signal processes based on name and other attributes
- pgrep lookup processes based on name and other attributes
- skill send a signal or report process status
- snice send a signal or report process status
- nice set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
- renice alter priority of running processes
- ionice set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
- cpulimit limits the cpu usage of a process
- taskset retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
- setuid run a command with a different uid
- setsid run a program in a new session
- nohup runs a command immune to hangups, outputs to a non-tty
- disown shell built-in, removes each jobs from shell
- jobs lists the active jobs
- bg lists stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job
- fg brings the most recent job to foreground
- time time a simple command
- timeout run a command with a time limit
- uux remote command execution
- uustat uucp status inquiry and job control
- ipcs report interprocess communication facilities status
- ipcrm remove message, semaphore, or shared memory identifier
- # Performances ################################################################
- See Brendan D. Gregg [Linux Perf page]
- (http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html)
- collectl collects data that describes the current system status
- glances a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool
- uptime view the system load and how long it has been running
- mpstat report processors related statistics
- lmbench system benchmarks
- sysbench a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
- sar collect, report, or save system activity information
- free display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
- swapon enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping
- vmstat report virtual memory statistics
- dstat versatile tool for generating system resource stats
- iostat report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
- iotop simple top-like i/o monitor
- fio flexible i/o tester
- blktrace generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
- slabtop display kernel slab cache information in real time
- sysctl configure kernel parameters at runtime
- hdparm get/set sata/ide device parameters
- ps report a snapshot of the current processes
- top monitor processes
- htop interactive process viewer
- pidstat report statistics for linux tasks
- nice set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
- renice alter priority of running processes
- ionice set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
- taskset retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
- sysdig a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
- ltrace a library call tracer
- strace trace system calls and signals
- errno look up errno names and descriptions
- explain explain system call error messages
- stap systemtap script translator driver
- ktap lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
- llttng tracer control command line tool
- perf performance analysis tools for linux
- tiptop display hardware performance counters for linux tasks
- ethtool query or control network driver and hardware settings
- iperf perform network throughput tests
- pchar perform network measurements along an internet path
- ping check if host is reachable
- hping3 send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
- traceroute print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
- mtr traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
- nicstat print network traffic statistics
- netstat print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
- ss another utility to investigate sockets
- socklist display list of open sockets
- sockstat list open sockets
- iptraf interactive colorful ip lan monitor
- tcpdump dump traffic on a network
- darkstat network statistics gatherer
- justniffer an extensive tcp flow sniffer
- snmpget communicates with a network using snmp get requests
- lldptool manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad
- tune2fs adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
- dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
- siege an http/https stress tester
- tsung distributed multi-protocol load testing tool
- # User Management #############################################################
- adduser add a user or group to the system
- useradd create a new user or update default user information
- userdel delete a user account and related files
- usermod modify a user account
- newusers update and create new users in batch
- groupadd create a new group
- groupdel delete a group
- groupmod modify a group definition on the system
- newgrp log in to a new group
- chage change user password expiry information
- chfn change real user name and information
- chsh change login shell
- passwd change user password
- # User Information ############################################################
- id print real and effective user and group ids
- groups print group names a user is in
- sa summarizes accounting information
- ac print statistics about users connect time
- who print all usernames currently logged in
- whowatch console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool
- whoami print effective userid
- rwho determine all users logged on your local network
- w show who is logged on and what they are doing
- last show listing of last logged in users
- lastb show listing of bad loggin attemps
- lastlog reports recent login of all users or of a given user
- lastcomm print information about previously executed commands
- users print the user names of users currently logged in
- logname print the login name of a user
- talk talk to another user
- ytalk multi-user chat program
- write send a message to another user
- wall write a message to users
- mesg control write access to your terminal
- # Environment #################################################################
- printenv print all or part of environment
- env run a program in a modified environment
- locale get locale-specific information
- localedef compile locale definition files
- # Security Context ############################################################
- su change user id or become superuser
- sudo execute a command as another user
- sudoedit edit one or more files as another user
- op grant trusted users access to certain root operations
- runcon run command with specified security context (selinux)
- chcon change file security context (selinux)
- chroot run command or interactive shell with special root dir
- schroot securely enter a chroot environment
- rarun2 run programs with different env/args/perms/dirs/etc
- # Development #################################################################
- perl the perl language interpreter
- perldoc look up perl documentation in pod format
- perltidy a perl script indenter and reformatter
- perlcritic command-line interface to critique perl source
- perlbug how to submit bug reports on perl
- cpan easily interact with cpan from the command line
- txt2regex a regular expression wizard
- ruby interpreted object-oriented scripting language
- irb interactive ruby
- gem the front end to rubygems
- python an interpreted, object-oriented programming language
- pydoc the python documentation tool
- pycompile byte compile python source files
- pychecker program to check python scripts for common mistakes
- ghc the glasgow haskell compiler
- ghci the glasgow haskell compiler
- lua lua interpreter
- luac lua compiler
- luadoc generate documentation from files
- luarocks module deployment system for lua
- node server-side javascript
- js_beautify command tool to beautify your javascript files
- jq command-line json processor
- jsoncat display json data
- jsonlint json syntax validator and formatter tool
- java the java application launcher
- javac java programming language compiler
- javadoc the java api documentation generator
- jardiff visualise api differences between two jar files
- php php command line interface cli
- clisp ansi common lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger
- fort77 fortran compiler
- f2c convert fortran 77 to c or c++
- fc frontend script to the f2c fortran compiler
- nasm the netwide assembler, a portable 80x86 assembler
- yasm the yasm modular assembler
- as the portable gnu assembler
- rasm2 assemble and disassemble files or hexpair strings
- gcc gnu project c and c++ compiler
- gprof display call graph profile data
- ld the gnu linker
- c99 compile standard ansi c programs
- cpp the c preprocessor
- make gnu make utility to maintain groups of programs
- dmake maintain program groups, or interdependent files
- cmake cross-platform makefile generator
- cxref generate a c-language program cross-reference table
- ctags generate tag file for emacs, vi
- cflow generate a c-language flowgraph
- cscope interactively examine a c program
- sloccount count source lines of code (sloc)
- cloc count lines of source code and comments
- pepper repository statistics and report tool
- astyle indentation and reformatting filters c, c++, c#, java
- indent reformat a c program, inserting or deleting whitespace
- bcpp make c++ beautifier
- uncrustify c, c++, c#, d, java and pawn source code beautifier
- xmlstarlet command line xml/xslt toolkit
- xmllint command line xml tool
- xgrep search content of xml file via xpath or curstom search
- xmlcatalog parse and manipulate xml or sgml catalog files
- xalan process xml documents with xslt stylesheets
- xmlindent xml stream reformatter
- tidy validate, correct, and pretty-print html files
- csstidy css parser and optimiser
- highlight universal code highlighter converter (html, rtf, ...)
- lex generate programs for lexical tasks
- strip remove unnecessary information from executable files
- m4 macro processor
- yacc yet another compiler compiler
- flex lexical analyser, generates code for pattern-matching
- gencat generate a formatted message catalog
- getconf get configuration values
- errno look up errno names and descriptions
- explain explain system call error messages
- # Debugging ###################################################################
- gdb the gnu debugger
- r2 advanced hexadecimal editor, disassembler and debugger
- elfsh the elsf shell
- e2dbg the embedded elf debugger
- readelf displays information about elf files
- rabin2 get information about elf/pe/mz/class
- objdump display information from object files
- objcopy copy and translate object files
- nm list symbols from object files
- lsof list open files/streams/sockets/etc
- lslk list local locks
- fuser identify processes using files or sockets
- trace-cmd interacts with ftrace linux kernel internal tracer
- trace-cmd-list list available plugins, events or options for ftrace
- pstack print a stack trace of running processes
- dtrace tune and troubleshoot programs and system (systemtap)
- sysdig a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
- etrace the embedded elf tracer
- eresi the eresi reverse engineering software interface
- errno look up errno names and descriptions
- explain explain system call error messages
- strace trace system calls and signals
- ltrace a library call tracer
- mtrace interpret output from malloc_trace
- xtrace trace communication between x11 client and server
- stap systemtap script translator driver
- ktap lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
- llttng tracer control command line tool
- perf performance analysis tools for linux
- perf-stat run a command and gather performance counter statistics
- perf-list list all symbolic event types
- tiptop display hardware performance counters for linux tasks
- babeltrace babeltrace trace viewer and converter for (ctf)
- memdump memory dumper
- scanmem locate and modify a variable in an executing process
- crash analyze linux crash dump data or a live system
- binwalk binary image search tool
- strings extract printable strings
- ident identify rcs keyword strings in files
- pmap report memory map of a process
- ldd print shared library dependencies
- ldconfig configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
- ld.so dynamic linker-loader
- /lib/ld-linux.so.2 dynamic linker-loader
- /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 dynamic linker-loader
- # Revision Control ############################################################
- rcs change rcs file attributes
- ci check in rcs revisions
- co check out rcs revisions
- git the stupid content tracker
- tig text-mode interface for git
- bzr bazaar next-generation distributed version control
- cvs concurrent versions system
- darcs an advanced revision control system
- hg mercurial source code management system
- svn subversion command line client tool
- # Database ####################################################################
- sqlite3 command line interface for sqlite version 3
- sqlite a command line interface for sqlite
- psql postgresql interactive terminal
- mysql the mysql command-line tool
- sql execute a command on a database determined by a dburl
- rrdtool round robin database tool and grapher
- # Network #####################################################################
- ip show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
- tc show/manipulate traffic control settings
- ifconfig set/display network information
- ifdata get network interface info without ifconfig parsing
- ifstat report interface statistics
- ifdown stop a network interface
- ifup bring a network interface up
- ethtool query or control network driver and hardware settings
- mii-tool view, manipulate media-independent interface status
- nmcli command-line tool for controlling networkmanager
- nmtui text user interface for controlling networkmanager
- nm-tool utility to report networkmanager state and devices
- iperf perform network throughput tests
- nuttcp network performance measurement tool
- pchar perform network measurements along an internet path
- route show/manipulate the ip routing table
- hostname print the system hostname
- domainname show or set the system nis/yp domain name
- dnsdomainname show the system dns domain name
- nisdomainname show or set the system's nis domain name
- ypdomainname show or set the system's yp domain name
- whois client for the whois directory service
- dnstracer trace a chain of DNS servers to the source
- ping check if host is reachable
- hping3 send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
- traceroute print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
- tracepath traces path to a network host, discovering mtu along
- mtr traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
- netstat print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
- lsof list open files/streams/sockets/etc
- ss another utility to investigate sockets
- host dns lookup utility
- dig dns lookup utility
- nslookup query internet name servers interactively
- zonecheck dns zone checking tool
- nc netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens
- cryptcat twofish encryption enabled version of nc
- ncat concatenate and redirect sockets
- socat multipurpose relay (socket cat)
- faucet a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
- hose the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
- arping arp find out ethernet address by first arping then arp
- arp manipulate the system arp cache
- arpwatch keep track of ethernet/ip address pairings
- arpspoof intercept packets on a switched lan
- rarp manipulate the system rarp table
- ufw program for managing a netfilter firewall
- iptables administration tool for ipv4 filtering and nat
- ip6tables ipv6 packet filter administration
- iptables-save dump iptables rules to stdout
- ip6tables-save dump iptables rules to stdout
- iptables-restore restore ip tables
- ip6tables-restore restore ipv6 tables
- iptstate top-like display of ip tables state table entries
- ipchains control the packet filter/firewall (see iptables)
- ipcalc ipv4 netmask/broadcast/etc calculator
- ipv6calc a small utility to manipulate ipv6 addresses
- sipcalc ip subnet calculator
- subnetcalc ipv4/ipv6 subnet calculator
- tcpkill kill tcp connections on a lan
- tcpnice slow down tcp connections on a lan
- sshow ssh traffic analysis tool
- sshmitm ssh monkey-in-the-middle
- smbclient ftp-like client to access smb/cifs resources on servers
- ntptrace trace a chain of ntp servers back to the primary source
- snmpget communicates with a network using snmp get requests
- snmpwalk retrieve a management values subtree using snmp getnext
- snmpcmd behaviour common to most of the net-snmp commands
- lldpad link layer discovery protocol (lldp) agent daemon
- lldptool manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad
- suricata next generation intrusion detection and prevention tool
- # Wireless ####################################################################
- iw show/manipulate wireless devices and configuration
- iwconfig configure a wireless network interface
- iwlist detailed information about a wireless interface
- iwevent show wireless events generated by drivers and hardware
- iwgetid report essid, nwid, ap/cell address of wireless network
- wavemon a wireless network monitor
- kismet wireless sniffing and monitoring
- # Network Monitor #############################################################
- ntop display top network users
- ntopng display top network users
- nload displays the current network usage
- cbm display the current traffic on all network devices
- sntop top-like console network status tool
- iftop display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
- jnettop view hosts/ports taking up the most network traffic
- bmon bandwidth monitor and rate estimator
- bwn-ng a live monitor for network and disk io
- speedometer display the rate of data across a network connection
- netload network device load monitor
- nethogs a small net top tool, displays usage per process
- slurm yet another network load monitor
- vnstat a console-based network traffic monitor
- nicstat print network traffic statistics
- pktstat display packet activity
- iptraf interactive colorful ip lan monitor
- netwatch ethernet internet protocol monitor
- trafshow full screen show network traffic
- tcptrack monitor tcp connections on the network
- tcpreen tcp stream monitoring tool
- wavemon a wireless network monitor
- # Network Tunnels #############################################################
- ip show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
- ip-tunnel tunnel configuration
- stunnel universal ssl tunnel
- ptunnel tunnel tcp connections over icmp packets
- udptunnel tunnel udp packets over a tcp connection
- # Network Scan ################################################################
- nmap network exploration tool and security / port scanner
- ndiff utility to compare the results of nmap scans
- scapy interactive packet manipulation tool
- nping network packet generation tool / ping utility
- arp-scan the arp scanner
- sslscan fast ssl scanner
- xprobe2 a remote active operating system fingerprinting tool
- p0f identify remote systems passively
- # Network Capture #############################################################
- wireshark interactively dump and analyze network traffic
- tshark dump and analyze network traffic
- scapy interactive packet manipulation tool
- dumpcap dump network traffic
- tcpspy tcp/ip connection monitor
- tcpdump dump traffic on a network
- tcptrace a tcp connection analysis tool
- tcpick tcp stream sniffer and connection tracker
- tcpflow tcp flow recorder
- snort packet sniffer/logger and intrusion detection system
- pcapdump dedicated packet capture utility
- pcapip filter a pcap for ip addresses
- pcappick pick specific frames out of a pcap file by number
- pcapuc filter a pcap for ip addresses
- ettercap sniffer/content filter for man in the middle attacks
- ngrep network grep
- tetheral dump and analyze network traffic
- sniffit packet sniffer and monitoring tool
- httpry http logging and information retrieval tool
- dsniff password sniffer (lots of protocols)
- kismet wireless sniffing and monitoring
- # Network Filesystems #########################################################
- exportfs maintain table of exported nfs file systems
- showmount show mount information for an NFS server
- nfsstat list nfs statistics
- nfsiostat report input/output statistics for nfs
- sshfs filesystem client based on ssh
- curlftpfs mount a ftp host as a local directory
- flickrfs virtual filesystem for flickr photosharing service
- # Network Apps ################################################################
- ssh openssh ssh client (remote login program)
- cssh cluster admin tool, multiple ssh connection
- ssh-copy-id install public key in a remote machine authorized_keys
- ssh-keygen authkey generation, management and conversion
- rsh remote shell
- crsh cluster admin tool, multiple rsh connection
- rlogin openssh ssh client (remote login program)
- telnet log into remote hosts
- ctel cluster admin tool, multiple telnet connection
- ccon cluster admin tool, multiple console connection
- uux remote command execution
- uustat uucp status inquiry and job control
- finger user information lookup program
- # Modem/Fax/GSM ###############################################################
- minicom friendly serial communication program
- efax send/receive faxes with class 1, 2 or 2.0 fax modem
- mgetty smart data/fax modem getty
- fax fax sending and receiving with mgetty+sendfax
- sendfax submit a facsimile job for transmission
- sendpage submit a pager job for transmission
- faxstat for hylafax facsimile server status
- faxspool queue and convert files for faxing with sendfax
- faxq display fax jobs queued by faxspool
- faxrunq send fax jobs queued by faxspool
- faxrm remove fax jobs queued by faxspool
- faxalter alter parameters of a queued hylafax job
- fax2ps convert a tiff facsimile to compressed postscript
- faxcover generate postscript cover page for outgoing facsimile
- faxmail hylafax mail-to-fax (postscript) gateway application
- textfmt convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile
- gammu does some neat things with your cellular phone or modem
- # Network File Transfer #######################################################
- curl transfer a url (swiss army tool)
- wget the non-interactive network downloader
- httrack offline browser : copy websites to a local directory
- linkchecker check html documents and websites for broken links
- woof a small, simple, stupid webserver to share files
- wput wget-like ftp-uploader
- sftp secure file transfer program
- ncftp browser program for the file transfer protocol
- ncftpget internet file transfer program for scripts
- ncftpput internet file transfer program for scripts
- ftp copy files between hosts
- lftp sophisticated file transfer program
- scp securely copy files between hosts
- rcp remote file copy
- uucp system-to-system copy
- mulk parallel network downloader with filtering and metalink
- axel light download accelerator (best imo)
- aria fast download utility (http, ftp, bittorrent, metalink)
- aria2c the ultra fast download utility http/ftp/bt/metalink
- ctorrent download bittorrent files from command line
- rtorrent a bittorrent client for ncurses
- mktorrent simple bittorrent metainfo file creator
- bittorrent-downloader download files using a scatter-gather network
- btdownloadcurses download files using a scatter-gather network
- amulecmd console-based program to control amule
- get_flash_videos downloader for flash-based video sites
- rmtpdump rtmp streaming media client
- youtube-dl download video from youtube or other video platforms
- quvi query media tool for parsing flash streams url
- cclive downloading media streams from youtube and similars
- nc netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens
- cryptcat twofish encryption enabled version of nc
- ncat concatenate and redirect sockets
- socat multipurpose relay (socket cat)
- faucet a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
- hose the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
- trickle a lightweight userspace bandwidth shaper
- # Browser #####################################################################
- lynx a general purpose, text-only browser for the www
- links lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
- links2 lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
- elinks lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
- netrik the antrik internet browser
- w3m a text based web browser and pager
- edbrowse text editor and web browser
- httrack offline browser : copy websites to a local directory
- surfraw fast search/bookmarks access to various www clients
- gopher connect to gopher document server
- # RSS Reader ##################################################################
- newsbeuter an rss feed reader for text terminals
- rsstail console based rss news reader
- canto an ncurses rss reader
- raggle console rss aggregator
- olive console rss reader
- rawdog rss aggregator without delusions of grandeur
- nrss an ncurses rss reader
- snownews console rss newsreader
- # Podcast #####################################################################
- hpodder scan and download podcasts
- podget simple tool to automate downloading of podcasts
- podracer a podcast aggregator with bittorrent support
- # Chat ########################################################################
- centerim text mode based im client for linux
- finch instant messaging client (frontend to libpurple)
- pork console-based aol instant messenger & irc client
- freetalk a console based jabber client
- mcabber a simple jabber console client
- ekg gadu-gadu compatible client
- BitchX an advanced internet relay chat client
- irssi a modular irc client for unix
- weechat wee enhanced environment for chat
- bitlbee irc gateway to im chat networks
- epic5 internet relay chat client for unix like systems
- tinyirc basic irc commands and an curses-based interface
- ii a minimalistic fifo and filesystem based irc client
- sic an extremly fast, small and simple irc client
- tircd an ircd proxy to the twitter api
- talk talk to another user
- ytalk multi-user chat program
- write send a message to another user
- wall write a message to users
- mesg control write access to your terminal
- # EMail #######################################################################
- mail minimal client to send and receive mail
- mailx send and receive internet mail
- msmtp an smtp client
- mutt text-based email client
- alpine internet news and email
- notmuch thread-based email index, search, and tagging
- cone read and send e-mail messages
- elmo the electronic mail operator
- fetchyahoo retrieve mail from yahoo webmail service
- urlscan browse the urls in an email message from a terminal
- # Newsgroups ##################################################################
- slrn an easy to use nntp / spool based newsreader
- trn threaded read news program
- tin usenet newsreader
- nn efficient net news interface (no news is good news)
- # Websites ####################################################################
- shell-fm console-based player for last.fm radio streams
- google command-line access to (some) google services
- gcalcli google calendar command line interface
- episoder tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com
- youtube-dl download video from youtube or other video platforms
- get_flash_videos downloader for various flash-based video sites
- quvi query media tool for parsing flash streams url
- cclive downloading media streams from youtube and similars
- twyt command line twitter client
- bti send a tweet to twitter.com from the command line
- tircd an ircd proxy to the twitter api
- twidge microblogging client for twitter, identica
- weather obtain weather conditions and forecasts
- # Directories #################################################################
- cd change directory
- pwd print name of current/working directory
- mkdir make directories
- rmdir remove empty directories
- tree list contents of directories in a tree-like format
- dirdiff display diff and merge changes between directories
- pushd sh: add directories to stack
- popd sh: remove dir from stack, changes to the new top dir
- dirs display directory stack (pushd/popd)
- # Files #######################################################################
- ls list directory contents and files
- dir briefly list files
- vdir verbosely list directory contents
- tree list contents of directories in a tree-like format
- dircolors color setup for ls
- df report file system disk space usage
- dfc display file system space usage using graphs and colors
- pydf report colourised filesystem disk space usage
- du estimate file space usage
- ncdu ncurses disk usage
- agedu correlate disk usage and last-access times
- touch create file, change file timestamps
- fallocate preallocate or deallocate space to a file
- truncate shrink or extend the size of a file
- dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
- cp copy files and directories
- mcp copy files by wildcard patterns
- qcp copy files editing the names in a text editor
- install copy files and set attributes
- mv move (rename) files
- mmv move files by wildcard patterns
- rename rename files by replacing expressions
- prename renames multiple files with perl expression
- qmv rename files editing the names in a text editor
- convmv converts filenames from one encoding to another
- vidir edit a directory in your text editor
- detox clean up filenames
- rm remove files or directories
- unlink call the unlink function to remove the specified file
- shred overwrite a file to hide its contents, and delete it
- wipe securely erase files from magnetic media
- gitwipe an utility for wiping files (gnu interactive tools)
- ln make filesystem links
- mln link files by wildcard patterns
- sln link files (statically linked)
- link create a hard link to a file
- readlink print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
- cleanlinks remove dangling symbolic links and empty directories
- hardlink Hardinks multiple copies of a file
- stow software package installation manager (with symlinks)
- mkfifo create named pipe
- mknod make block or character special files
- mktemp create a temporary file or directory
- flock manage locks from shell scripts
- basename strip directory and suffix from filenames
- dirname convert a full pathname to just a path
- realpath print the resolved path
- pathchk check whether file names are valid or portable
- inotifywatch gather filesystem access statistics using inotify
- inotifywait wait for changes to files using inotify
- trash trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org
- trash-list list trashed files
- trash-restore restore for command line trash utility
- trash-empty empty for command line trash utility
- # Pipes #######################################################################
- tee read from stdin, write to stdout and files
- multitee send multiple inputs to multiple outputs
- pee tee standard input to pipes
- xargs build and execute command lines from standard input
- parallel run programs in parallel
- mispipe pipe two commands returning the exit status of the first
- pv monitor the progress of data through a pipe
- sponge soaks up all standard input and write to a file after
- stdbuf run command with modified buffering for its stdstreams
- ifne run command if the standard input is not empty
- ts timestamp input
- vipe insert a text editor into a pipe
- # File Attributes #############################################################
- umask set default file protections
- stat display file attributes or file system status
- touch change file timestamps
- chown change file owner and group
- chgrp change group ownership
- chmod change file mode bits
- chattr change advanced file attributes on a linux file system
- lsattr list advanced file attributes on a ext file system
- getfattr get extended attributes of filesystem objects
- setfattr set extended attributes of filesystem objects
- getfacl get file access control lists
- setfacl set file access control lists
- test check file types and compare values
- # File Find ###################################################################
- find search for files in a directory hierarchy
- ftff fault tolerant file find utility
- updatedb update a database for m/slocate
- locate locate files via index (m/slocate)
- doodle a tool to search the meta-data in your files
- which locate a command
- whereis locate binary, source, and manual page for a command
- fdupes finds duplicate files in a given set of directories
- rdfind finds duplicate files
- findimagedupes finds visually similar or duplicate images
- hardlink Hardinks multiple copies of a file
- # File Compare ################################################################
- diff compare files line by line
- zdiff compare compressed files
- bzdiff compare compressed files
- diff3 compare three files line by line
- diffstat make histogram from diff-output
- rfcdiff compare rfcs or internet drafts or any other text files
- merge three-way file merge
- wdiff display word differences between text files
- sdiff side-by-side merge of file differences
- mcdiff visual shell for unix-like systems
- ndiff utility to compare the results of nmap scans
- bsdiff generate a patch between two binary files
- rdiff binary diff tool for signature-based differences
- quilt tool to manage series of patches
- bspatch apply a patch built with bsdiff
- patch apply a diff file to an original
- unify transforms context diffs into unidiffs, or vice-versa
- combine combine lines from two files using boolean operations
- comm compare two sorted files line by line
- cmp compare two files byte by byte
- zcmp compare compressed files
- bzcmp compare compressed files
- cksum checksum and count the bytes in a file
- sum checksum and count the blocks in a file
- md5sum compute and check md5 message digest
- md5pass create an md5 password hash
- shasum print or check sha checksums
- rhash print or check ed2k, bittorrent, dc++, and other hashes
- rahash2 block based hashing utility
- # Binary Information ##########################################################
- file determine file type
- mimetype identify file types
- mimeopen open files by mimetype
- mediainfo display information about audio/video files
- rifle ranger's file opener with special file type checking
- extract determine meta-information about a file
- od dump files in octal and other formats
- xxd make a hexdump or do the reverse (patch)
- hexdump ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
- mcview midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex)
- dhex hex editor with a diff mode
- hexedit view and edit files in hexadecimal or in ascii
- tweak efficient hex editor
- hte executable's editor
- bsdiff generate a patch between two binary files
- bspatch apply a patch built with bsdiff
- rafind2 find byte patterns into files
- rahash2 block based hashing utility
- radiff2 unified binary diffing utility
- hexdiff hexadecimal visual diff for binary files
- bbe sed-like editor for binary files
- dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
- ddrescue data recovery tool
- foremost recover files using their headers/footers/structures
- # File Managers ###############################################################
- mc midnight commander, visual shell for unix-like systems
- gitfm gnu interactive tools file manager
- ranger visual file manager
- vifm a ncurses based file manager with vi like keybindings
- clex file manager
- vfu text-mode file manager for unix/linux
- pilot simple file browser in the style of the alpine composer
- # Viewers #####################################################################
- mcview midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex)
- gitview an ascii/hex file viewer (gnu interactive tools)
- cat concatenate files and print on the standard output
- mad append files by wildcard patterns
- tac concatenate and print files in reverse
- rev reverse characters of lines in file or files
- spc colorizes text for terminals and html (supercat)
- lolcat rainbow coloring for text
- tac concatenate and print files in reverse
- combine combine lines from two files using boolean operations
- lnav ncurses-based log file viewer
- ccze a robust log colorizer
- zcat expand and concatenate data (gz)
- bzcat decompresses files to stdout (bz2)
- xzcat decompresses files to stdout (xz, lzma)
- less opposite of more
- zless file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
- bzless file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2
- most browse or page through a text file
- more file perusal filter for viewing
- zmore file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
- bzmore file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2
- pg browse pagewise through text files
- # Editors #####################################################################
- mcedit internal file editor of gnu midnight commander
- vi text editor
- vim text editor
- cream set of macros making vim easier to use for beginners
- emacs gnu project emacs text editor
- nano a small and friendly text editor
- jed programmers editor
- aee another easy editor
- diakonos a customizable, usable console-based text editor
- pico simple text editor in the style of the alpine composer
- zile zile is lossy emacs
- # Text Utilities ##############################################################
- truncate shrink/extend the size of a file to the specified size
- head output the first 10 lines of file
- tail output the last 10 lines of file
- multitail browse through several files at once
- since display content of a file since the last time
- split split a file into fixed-size pieces
- lxsplit a simple tool for splitting and joining split files
- nl number lines of files
- wc print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
- ex text editor
- ed the standard text editor
- red line-oriented text editor
- edbrowse text editor and web browser
- look display lines beginning with a given string
- grep search files for lines of text matching a pattern
- egrep print lines matching a pattern (-e)
- fgrep search files for lines that match a fixed string (-f)
- rgrep print lines matching a pattern recursively (-r)
- agrep search a file for a string with approximate matching
- sgrep search a file for a structured pattern
- zgrep search compressed files for a regular expression
- bzgrep search bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
- ack ack-grep is designed as a replacement for grep
- ag the silver searcher - like ack, but faster
- urlview url extractor/launcher (see urlscan for mails)
- awk pattern scanning and processing language
- gawk pattern scanning and processing language
- mawk pattern scanning and processing language
- sed stream editor for filtering and transforming text
- psed a stream editor
- a2p awk to perl translator
- s2p sed to perl translator
- cut extract columns from files
- join join lines of two files on a common field
- combine combine lines from two files using boolean operations
- column columnate lists
- colrm remove columns from a file
- rs reshape a data array
- csplit split a file into context-determined pieces
- paste append/merge columns
- tr translate, squeeze or delete characters
- sort sort lines of text files
- msort sort records in complex ways
- tsort perform topological sort
- shuf write a random permutation of the input lines to stdout
- unsort reorder lines in a file in semirandom ways
- tac concatenate and print files in reverse
- rev reverse characters of lines in file or files
- uniq report or omit repeated lines
- tee copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously
- multitee send multiple inputs to multiple outputs
- pr convert text files for printing
- fmt optimally reformat text
- par filter for reformatting paragraphs
- fold wrap each input line to fit in specified width
- expand convert tabs to spaces
- unexpand convert spaces to tabs
- uchardet universalchardet (Universal Charset Detector)
- recode converts files between character sets
- iconv convert encoding of given files
- unaccent remove accents from input stream or a string
- sq squeeze a sorted word list
- unsq unsqueeze a sorted word list
- csvtool tool for performing manipulations on csv files
- xmlstarlet command line xml/xslt toolkit
- # Print #######################################################################
- lp send files to a printer
- lpr print files
- lpq show printer queue status
- lpstat print cups status information
- lprm remove print jobs
- lpmove move a job or all jobs to a new destination
- cancel cancel cups print jobs
- lpc line printer control program
- ink tool for checking the ink level of your printers
- lpadmin configure cups printers and classes
- lpoptions display or set cups printer options and defaults
- cupsaccept accept jobs sent to a destination
- cupsreject reject jobs sent to a destination
- cupsdisable stop printers and classes
- cupsenable start printers and classes
- paperconfig configure the system default paper size
- # Compression #################################################################
- dtrx cleanly extract many archive types
- atool a script for managing file archives of various types
- patool portable archive file manager
- gitunpack gnu interactive tools - unified archive unpacking
- ar create, modify, and extract from archives
- tar the gnu version of the tar archiving utility
- cpio copy files to and from archives
- 7z a file archiver with highest compression ratio
- gzip compress files (gnu zip)
- pigz parallel compress files (gnu zip)
- bzip2 a block-sorting file compressor
- lz provides a listing of a tar.gz archive
- gunzip expand files (gnu zip)
- unpigz parallel decompress files (gnu zip)
- bunzip2 a block-sorting file decompressor
- gzexe compress executable files in place
- bzexe compress executable files in place
- compress compress and expand data
- pbzip2 parallel bzip2 file compressor
- lzip reduces the size of files
- pax portable archive interchange
- rar archive files with compression
- unrar extract files from rar archives
- compress compress data
- uncompress expand files
- shar create shell archives
- unshar unpack a shar file
- unace extract, test and view ace archives
- uuencode encode a binary file
- uudecode decode a file created by uuencode
- base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output
- xz compress or decompress xz and lzma files
- lzma lzma compression and decompression tool
- lzma2 lzma compression and decompression tool
- zoo manipulate archives of files in compressed form
- pxz parallel lzma compressor compatible with xz
- zip compress files (windows zip)
- cabextract extract files from microsoft cabinet (cab)
- zrun automatically uncompress arguments to command
- # Encryption ##################################################################
- gpg openpgp encryption and signing tool
- gpgv verify openpgp signatures
- crypt encrypt or decrypt files (wrapper for mcrypt)
- mcrypt encrypt files, several algorythms
- bcrypt blowfish file encryption
- ccrypt encrypt and decrypt using rijndael block cipher (aes)
- scrypt encrypt or decrypt files
- aespipe aes encrypting or decrypting pipe
- openssl openssl command line tool
- enc symmetric cipher routines
- stunnel universal ssl tunnel
- cryptcat twofish encryption enabled version of nc
- rsyncrypto rsync friendly encryption
- encfs mounts or creates an encrypted virtual filesystem
- encfsctl administrative tool for working with encfs filesystems
- stegdetect finds image files with steganographic content
- stegbreak launches brute-force dictionary attacks on jpg image
- steghide a steganography program
- # Backup ######################################################################
- mt control magnetic tape drive operation
- dump ext2/3/4 filesystem backup
- restore restore files or filesystem from backups made with dump
- tar read write tape archives
- par2 par 2.0 compatible file verification and repair tool
- unison user level file-synchronization tool
- rsync a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
- rsyncrypto rsync friendly encryption
- duplicity encrypted incremental backup to local or remote storage
- backup-manager an easy to use backup tool for your linux box
- rdist remote file distribution client program
- rdup generate a file list suitable for making backups
- tarsnap manipulate remote encrypted backups
- vbackup a modular backup program
- venti client for sha1-addressed block storage server
- bbackupctl control the box backup client daemon
- # CD/DVD/BluRay ###############################################################
- mkisofs create an hybrid iso9660 joliet hfs filesystem
- genisoimage create iso9660/joliet/hfs filesystem
- growisofs combined frontend to cd/dvd/bluray recording program
- cdw frontend to cdrecord/mkisofs/growisofs and other tools
- cdrdao reads and writes cds in disc-at-once mode
- cdrecord burn a cd
- xorriso creates and manipulates iso filesystem with rockridge
- bchunk cd image format conversion from bin/cue to iso/cdr
- burn record from various sources to optical media (cd, dvd)
- mp3burn burn audio cds from mp3, ogg vorbis, or flac files
- bashburn a bash script cd burner writer
- mybashburn burn data cds/dvds and create mp3/ogg/flac
- dvdauthor assembles multiple mpeg into a suitable dvd filesystem
- cdparanoia cdda reading tool with extra data verification features
- abcde a better cd encoder, grabs cd to ogg/speex/mp3/flac/etc
- crip a terminal-based ripper/encoder/tagger tool
- jack rip and encode cds with one command
- cdda2ogg extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in ogg
- cdda2mp3 extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in mp3
- ripit make flac/ogg/mp3/m4a/aac/als/mp4/mpc/wv/etc from cd
- ocp open cubic music player
- cdcd command driven cd player
- cplay a front-end for various audio players
- mcdp a small cdplayer for linux
- workbone interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd
- cdctrl command line cdrom control
- cdeject ejects the current compact disc
- cdclose closes the cdrom tray
- cdir lists infos about the currently loaded audio cd
- cdinfo print out the audiostatus (playing, etc)
- cdpause pauses/resumes the currently playing compact disc
- cdplay plays the compact disc
- cdstop stops the compact disc
- cdvolume sets the output volume level of the cd player (0-255)
- cdshuffle plays the audio tracks on the disc in random order
- cdadd add information for a new cd to .cdtooldb
- cdown query cddb database for info on a disc
- # Numbers and Math ############################################################
- qalc powerful and easy to use command line calculator
- bc an arbitrary precision calculator language
- dc an arbitrary precision calculator
- calc arbitrary precision calculator
- mathomatic a computer algebra system
- wcalc a natural-expression command-line calculator
- numfmt convert numbers from/to human-readable strings
- rax2 convert between (signed) int, float, oct, bin and hex
- units convert units from one scale to another
- numgrep the numeric equivilent of the grep utility
- numprocess this program mutates numbers as it encounters them
- numsum take the first numbers on stdin and return the sum
- numaverage find the average of a set of numbers
- numbound find boundary numbers in files or stdin
- numnormalize normalize a set of numbers, by default between 0 and 1
- numinterval show the numeric intervals between each line in a file
- numround rounds off numbers it encounters.
- seq print a sequence of numbers
- numrange print out a range of numbers for use in for loops
- jot print sequential or random data
- ent pseudorandom number sequence test
- numrandom print out a random number
- factor factor numbers
- primes display all primes (primes.pl)
- primes.6 generate primes
- sc spreadsheet calculator
- gnuplot an interactive plotting program
- maxima common lisp version of macsyma symbolic mathematics
- octave matlab like language for numerical computations
- R a language for data analysis and graphics
- # Date and Time ###############################################################
- date print or set the system date and time
- cal displays a calendar and the date of easter
- ncal cal with an alternative layout
- gcal a program for calculating and printing calendars
- gcalcli google calendar command line interface
- ddate convert gregorian dates to discordian dates
- pcal generate postscript or html calendars
- saydate audio date/uptime check
- saytime audio time check
- # Schedule ####################################################################
- sleep wait for some time
- watch execute a program periodically, showing output
- chronic runs a command quietly unless it fails
- wait await process completion
- flock manage locks from shell scripts
- lckdo run a program with a lock held
- shush run a command and optionally report its output by mail
- inotifywait wait for changes to files using inotify
- entr run arbitrary commands when files change
- fsniper watch directories and apply rules to created files
- timeout run a command with a time limit
- crontab maintain crontab files for individual users
- at executes commands at a specified time
- atq lists the user pending jobs
- atrm remove jobs fom the later execution queue
- batch executes commands when system load levels permit
- # Office ######################################################################
- wordgrinder console-based word processor
- antiword show the text and images of ms word documents
- abook text-based address book program
- hnb hierarchical notebook
- worklog keeping track of time spent on different projects
- tpp text presentation program
- xsw slide show presentation tool
- ledger command-line accounting
- sc spreadsheet calculator
- slsc s-langauge port of the sc spreadsheet
- teapot table editor and planner
- oleo the gnu spreadsheet program
- ssconvert a command line spreadsheet format converter
- ssindex generate index data for spreadsheet files
- ssgrep search spreadsheets for strings
- ssdiff compare two spreadsheets
- dbview view dbase 3 files
- gv postscript and pdf viewer
- xdvi dvi previewer for the x window system
- For note-taking, you might also want to have a look at:
- - [org-mode](http://orgmode.org)
- - [vimoutliner](https://github.com/vimoutliner/vimoutliner)
- # Spelling ####################################################################
- spell check spelling in batch
- aspell check spelling interactively
- ispell check spelling in batch or interactively
- goldendict a feature-rich dictionary lookup program
- dict dict protocol client
- sdcv console version of stardict program
- aiksaurus english-language thesaurus
- wtf translates acronyms for you
- an anagram generator
- wordplay anagram finder
- # Publishing ##################################################################
- gs ghostscript, a postscript and pdf interpreter/previewer
- fbgs postscript/pdf viewer for the framebuffer console
- latex structured text formatting and typesetting
- tex text formatting and typesetting
- etex extended tex
- latexdiff determine and markup differences between two latex files
- latexmk generate latex document
- dblatex convert docbook to latex, dvi, postscript, and pdf
- psselect select pages from a postscript file
- mf metafont, a language for font and logo design
- pdftex pdf output from tex
- mutool all purpose tool for dealing with pdf files
- pdfjam a shell script for manipulating pdf files
- pdftk a handy tool for manipulating pdf
- pdfunite pdf page merger
- pdffonts pdf font analyzer
- pdfimages pdf image extractor
- pdfinfo pdf document information extractor
- pdfseparate pdf page extractor
- pdftocairo pdf to png/jpeg/pdf/ps/eps/svg using cairo
- pdftohtml program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png
- pdftoppm pdf to portable pixmap (ppm) converter
- pdftops pdf to postscript converter
- pdftotext pdf to text converter
- diffpdf compare two pdf files textually or visually
- # Task Managers ###############################################################
- task taskwarrior, a command line todo manager
- tudu command line hierarchical todo list
- remind a sophisticated reminder service
- wyrd front-end to remind
- gcalcli google calendar command line interface
- calcurse text-based organizer
- pal calendar with events
- when a minimalistic personal calendar program
- devtodo a reminder/task program aimed at developers
- tdl to do list manager
- todo.sh minimal, todo.txt focused task manager
- w2do a simple text-based todo manager
- yokadi commandline todo system
- episoder tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com
- # Conversion ##################################################################
- dos2unix dos/mac to unix text file format converter
- isutf8 check whether files are valid utf-8
- iconv convert encoding of given files
- recode converts files between character sets
- utf8tolatin1 reads utf-8 encoded text and writes latin1
- groff front-end for the groff document formatting system
- troff the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
- nroff emulate nroff command with groff
- deroff remove roff and preprocessor constructs
- eqn format equations for troff or mathml
- neqn format equations for ascii output
- tbl format tables for troff
- col filter reverse line feeds from input
- catdvi dvi to plain text converter
- gv postscript and pdf viewer
- odt2txt a simple converter from opendocument text to plain text
- o3read dump of an openoffice.org document parse tree
- o3tohtml convert files in openoffice.org format to html
- o3totxt convert files in openoffice.org format to text
- catdoc outputs word doc file content as plain text
- docx2txt convert microsoft ooxml files to plain text
- abiword flexible word processor documents converter
- antiword show the text and images of ms word documents
- xls2csv output ms-excel file as comma-separated values
- xlsx2csv convert xslx xml files to csv format
- xlhtml convert excel xls files to html
- ssconvert spreadsheet format converter (gnumeric)
- ppthtml convert powerpoint ppt files to html
- stx2any converter from structured text to multiple formats
- pandoc general markup converter
- unhtml strip the html formatting
- html2text an advanced html-to-text converter
- html2markdown converts html to markdown-formatted text
- asciidoc converts an asciidoc text file to html or docbook
- markdown convert markdown syntax to (x)html
- ttm tex/latex to mathml converter
- txt2tags text formatting and conversion tool
- txt2man convert flat ascii text to man page format
- txt2html convert plain text file to html
- textfmt convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile
- txt2pdbdoc text to doc file converter for palm pilots
- img2txt convert images to various text-based coloured files
- cacaview ascii image browser
- asciiview a high quality ascii art image viewer
- gnuhtml2latex html to latex converter
- csv2latex convert a csv file into a latex document
- sgml2latex create latex, dvi, ps or pdf output from an sgml file
- chm2pdf a tool convert chm to pdf format
- unoconv convert documents from/to libreoffice format
- jodconverter import/export documents using the libreoffice filters
- ps2ascii ghostscript translator from postscript or pdf to ascii
- ps2pdf convert postscript to pdf using ghostscript
- vilistextum html to ascii converter
- wvWare convert msword documents
- rst2pdf convert restructuredtext documents to pdf
- # ASCII Art ###################################################################
- figlet display text with an ascii art charset
- toilet display large colourful characters
- cowsay configurable speaking/thinking cow (and a bit more)
- cadubi creative ascii drawing utility
- lolcat rainbow coloring for text
- cacaview ascii image browser
- asciiview a high quality ascii art image viewer
- linux_logo color ansi penguin logo with system information
- screenfetch the bash screenshot information tool
- # Images ######################################################################
- fbi framebuffer imageviewer
- fim fbi (linux framebuffer imageviewer) improved
- findimagedupes finds visually similar or duplicate images
- identify describes the format and characteristics of images
- fbgrab takes a screenshot using the framebuffer device
- gifsicle manipulates gif images and animations
- pngcrush optimizes, or modifies, png files
- optipng advanced optimization program for
- gm graphicsmagick is a set of tools to manipulate images
- convert convert/resize/blur/crop/despeckle/dither/etc image
- mogrify inplace convert/edit/resize/blur/crop/etc an image
- icotool convert and create win32 icon and cursor files
- rdjpgcom display text comments from a jpeg file
- wrjpgcom insert text comments into a jpeg file
- cjpeg compress an image file to a jpeg file
- djpeg decompress a jpeg file to an image file
- jpegtran lossless transformation of jpeg files
- jp2a convert jpeg images to ascii
- exif shows exif information in jpeg files
- exiftool read and write meta information in media files
- exiftran transform/rotate digital camera jpeg images
- exifcom set/display user comment tag contained in a jpeg exif
- exiftags output the properties contained in a jpeg exif section
- exiftime display/adjust the date and time exif tags
- exifprobe probe and report exif structure and metadata content
- exifgrep select and reformat the output of exifprobe
- jhead digicam jpeg exif header manipulation tool
- gle graphics layout engine
- simple-scan scanning utility
- scanimage scan an image
- gocr command line text recognition tool
- tesseract command-line ocr engine
- album themable html photo album generator
- gphotofs filesystem to mount digital cameras
- qrencode encode data in a qr code as a png or eps image
- # Vector Graphics #############################################################
- dot filter for drawing directed graphs
- neato filter for drawing undirected graphs
- twopi filter for radial layouts of graphs
- circo filter for circular layout of graphs
- fdp filter for drawing undirected graphs
- sfdp filter for drawing large undirected graphs
- patchwork filter for tree maps
- asy asymptote: a script-based vector graphics language
- inkscape svg (scalable vector graphics) editing program
- rasterizer svg conversion to png, jpeg and pdf
- potrace transform bitmaps into vector graphics
- # 3D ##########################################################################
- aqsis aqsis renderer adhering to the renderman standard
- povray the persistence of vision ray tracer
- # Videos ######################################################################
- mplayer video/audio player/streamer
- mencoder video decoding, encoding and filtering tool
- vlc video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
- xine a free video player
- xine-remote a small tool to connect xine remote control server
- avplay avplay media player
- avconv avconv video converter
- avprobe avprobe media prober
- avidemux a free video editor
- mpgtx manipulate mpeg files
- mplex mpeg 1/2 program/system stream multiplexer
- ffmpeg ffmpeg video converter
- mediainfo display information about audio/video files
- imdb calls any of the imdb functions
- imdb-get looks up imdb data for a film
- imdb-link links films based on their genre
- imdb-rename renames files based on their title
- imdb-fxd creates fxd files from the imdb cache for freevo
- imdb-update-cache updates the imdb cache for a given directory
- # Audio and Music #############################################################
- mplayer video/audio player/streamer
- vlc video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
- sox the swiss army knife of audio manipulation
- oggenc encode audio into the ogg vorbis format
- flac encoding, decoding, testing and analyzing flac streams
- lame create mp3 audio files
- mediainfo display information about audio/video files
- exfalso tag editor for mp3/ogg/flac/musepack/wavpack/mod/xm/it
- id3 id3 tag editor
- id3v2 add/change/remove/view id3v2 tags, converts/lists id3v1
- id3tool a command line editor for id3 tags
- id3ed edit id3 description tags in mpeg3 files
- mussort sort music files into folders
- # Audio Players ###############################################################
- mplayer video/audio player/streamer
- vlc video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
- ocp open cubic music player
- mpc program for controlling music player daemon (mpd)
- ncmpc curses music player daemon (mpd) client
- audtty control audacious from cli with a ncurses interface
- xmms2 command-line interface to the xmms2 daemon
- cmus curse music player
- moosic a command-line client for the moosic jukebox system
- play sox invoked as play outputs to the default sound device
- bplay buffered sound playing
- ogg123 plays ogg vorbis files
- mpg123 play audio mpeg 1.0/2.0/2.5 stream (layers 1, 2 and 3)
- mpg321 simple and lightweight command line mp3 player
- splay mpeg-1,2 audio layer 1,2,3 file player
- madplay decode and play mpeg audio stream(s)
- audiopreview play audio, video, and internet media streams
- herrie interactive music playlist player
- mp3blaster an interactive text-console based mp3 player
- mocp console audio player
- mpc123 your handy musepack audio player
- orpheus text mode menu and window-driven audio player
- pytone music jukebox for your audio files
- yauap audio player based on the gstreamer framework
- mikmod play soundtracker modules on a unix machine
- xmp extended module player
- cdcd command driven cd player
- cplay a front-end for various audio players
- mcdp a small cdplayer for linux
- workbone interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd
- shell-fm console-based player for last.fm radio streams
- # Audio Editing ###############################################################
- sox the swiss army knife of audio manipulation
- ecasound sample editor, multitrack recorder, fx-processor, etc
- rec sox invoked as rec set default sound device as input
- brec buffered sound recording
- snd a sound editor
- gramofile sample and process analog recordings
- quelcom command line editing tools for mp3 and wav files
- qmp3check check and clean mp3 streams
- qmp3cut extract, delete parts of a mp3 file
- cutmp3 a fast and leightweight mp3 editor
- fadecut rip audiostreams, cut, fade in/out and tag audiofiles
- qmp3info show info from mp3 files
- arename automatically rename audio files by tagging information
- qmp3join join mp3 files
- qmp3report report mp3 files and directories
- qwavinfo show info from wav files
- qwavjoin join wav files
- qwavcut extract, delete parts of a wav file
- qwavsilence detect and shrink silence sequences in wav files
- qwavfade fade in/out wav files
- qwavheaderdump dump and fix wav headers
- normalize-audio adjusts volume levels of audio files
- # Midi ########################################################################
- timidity midi-to-wave converter and player
- pmidi midi file player for alsa
- playmidi full-featured midi player using the voxware driver
- arecordmidi record standard midi files
- abc2midi converts abc file to midi
- midi2abc program to convert midi format files to abc notation
- abcm2ps translate abc music notation to postscript or svg
- # Text to Speech ##############################################################
- espeak a multi-lingual software speech synthesizer
- festival a text-to-speech system
- saydate audio date/uptime check
- saytime audio time check
- # Games #######################################################################
- adventure an exploration game
- nethack exploring the mazes of menace
- slashem exploring the mazes of menace
- rogue exploring the dungeons of doom
- crawl the roguelike game of crawl
- battlestar a tropical adventure game
- phantasia an interterminal fantasy game
- wump hunt the wumpus in an underground cave
- bastet tetris(r) clone with "bastard" block-choosing ai
- pytris two players console tetris game
- tetris-bsd the game of tetris
- greed eat a game field until you run out of moves
- moon-buggy drive some car across the moon
- ninvaders ncurses version of space invaders
- overkill bloody 2d action deathmatch-like game in ascii-art
- worm play the growing worm game
- snake display chase game
- atc air traffic controller game
- robots fight off villainous robots
- hunt a multi-player multi-terminal game
- wargames shall we play a game?
- canfield the solitaire card game canfield
- cribbage the card game cribbage
- mille play mille bornes
- monop monopoly game
- backgammon the game of backgammon
- sail multi-user wooden ships and iron men
- trek trekkie game
- boggle word search game
- hangman computer version of the game hangman
- gtypist typing tutor for different keyboards and languages
- arithmetic quiz on simple arithmetic
- quiz random knowledge tests
- fortune print a random, hopefully interesting, adage
- display-dhammapada display a verse from the dhammapada
- # Screensavers ################################################################
- cmatrix simulates the display from the matrix movie
- rain animated raindrops display
- tty-clock a terminal digital clock
- binclock prints time in binary format
- # Other #######################################################################
- echo display a line of text
- printf format and print data
- getopt parse command options
- expect automate applications accessed over a terminal
- expr evaluate expressions
- yes output a string repeatedly until killed
- true do nothing, successfully
- false do nothing, unsuccessfully
- ifetch image collection tool for ip cameras of ifetch-tools
- rig random identity generator
- pwgen generate pronounceable passwords
- makepasswd generate and/or encrypt passwords
- pwsafe password database utility
- gringotts secure password and data storage manager
- clamscan scan files and directories for viruses
- llines lifelines genealogy program, gedcom format
- # X Windows ###################################################################
- xinput utility to configure and test x input devices
- xvidtune adjust x server origin and size
- xcalib tiny monitor calibration loader for x
- xev x event viewer
- setxkbmap set the keyboard using the x keyboard extension
- xmodmap set/modify keymaps and pointer button mappings in x
- xhost server access control program for x
- xsetroot root window parameter setting utility for x
- import window/screenshot
- xset user preference utility for x
- xrdb x server resource database utility
- appres list x application resource database
- listres list resources in widgets
- editres a dynamic resource editor for x toolkit applications
- xlsfonts server font list displayer for x
- xfontsel point and click selection of x11 font names
- xfd display all the characters in an x font
- fc-scan scan font files or directories
- fc-cache build font information cache files
- fc-cat read font information cache files
- fc-list list available fonts
- fc-query query font files
- fc-match match available fonts
- fc-pattern parse and show pattern
- mimeopen open files by mimetype
- xdg-open opens a file or url in the user preferred application
- exo-open open urls and launch preferred applications (xfce)
- gnome-open open files and urls using the gnome file handlers
- dmenu dynamic menu, manages huge numbers defined menu items
- notify-send a program to send desktop notifications
- xmessage display a message/query in a window (x-based /bin/echo)
- dialog display curses dialog boxes from shell scripts
- kdialog show kde dialog boxes from shell scripts
- zenity display gtk+ dialogs
- osd_cat x on-screen file displayer
- xclip command line interface to x selections (clipboard)
- xclipboard x clipboard client
- devilspie perform actions on windows as they are created
- xdotool command-line x11 automation tool
- xnee records, replays x11 data on multiple displays
- xbindkeys grab key and mouse events in x and starts shell commands
- xte generates fake input using the xtest extension
- x2x use keyboard and mouse from an x display on antoher x
- wmctrl interact with a ewmh/netwm compatible x window manager
- xtrlock lock X display until password supplied
- dbus-send send a message to a desktop bus
- dbus-monitor debug probe to print desktop bus messages
- qdbus a communication-interface for qt-based applications
- xrandr primitive command line interface to randr extension
- xprop property displayer for x
- xdpyinfo display information utility for x
- xwininfo window information utility for x
- xdriinfo query configuration information of dri drivers
- xvinfo print out x-video extension adaptor information
- glxinfo show information about the glx implementation
- Xvfb virtual framebuffer x server without the hardware
- trash trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org
- trash-list list trashed files
- trash-restore restore for command line trash utility
- trash-empty empty for command line trash utility
- xmag magnify parts of the screen
- # Funny #######################################################################
- axe tools to improve network performance via snip
- baby create new process from two parents
- bosskill send a signal to your boss, or terminate your boss
- c genericised softdrink generator (coffee, coke etc)
- celibacy don't have sex
- chainsaw tools to improve network performance via snip
- chastise library function to punish users
- condom protects against viruses and child processes
- ctluser control lusers
- cutter tools to improve network performance via snip
- egrope massage a file for a while
- fgrope massage a file for a while
- flame reply to usenet news posting automatically
- flog speed up a process
- gong evaluate process performance
- grope massage a file for a while
- guru system administration
- knife tools to improve network performance via snip
- lart luser attitude readjustment tool
- luser process to control the clueless individuals
- normality defines types of normality different users may have
- nuke launch nuclear weapons at mapped usenet sites
- party set os responses mode
- people fetch a list of all ttys behaving like a human
- pmsd periodically manic system daemon
- rescrog change something, make it different
- rtfm a response for easy questions from clueless lusers
- sex have sex
- slave a semi-interactive command for the dirty work
- strfry string operation
- sysadmin responsible for everything imaginable
- think you dont have to think, computers can think for you
- tm meditate
- uubp unix-to-unix beer protocol
- whack mangle requests to a printer or damage a printer
- xkill kill processes or users, including usenet poster
- xlart interactive x interface to rlart
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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