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[center][i][b]Los Santos Fire Department
Recruitment & Training Bureau
Academy Student to Probationary FF/EMT exam[/b][/i][/center]
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[center][b][size=120][color=#FF0000]Firefighter Section[/color][/size][/b][/center]
[b]1) Name the general basic tools used in the fire service:[/b]
[list][i]
Turnout trousers; Turnout Coat; Boots ;Flash Hood; Helmet; Gloves. (Personal Protection.)
SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus);
Hose Bridge - Placed over hoses to protect them from people driving or tripping over them.
Salvage covers - Used to cover materials from further damage.
Halligan Bar - Used to pry, pound, puncture, twist, remove and cut open any and all types of barriers/obstructions.
Hydrant Tool - For opening a regular hydrant and attaching the hose to it, for more water.
Hose Nozzle - Used on fire hoses to let the correct amount of water flow through, stopping the water from getting out uncontrollable.
Cervical collar - Used to immobilize the neck of the patient to prevent further injuries from the neck area.
Kendrick's Extraction Device - Extract people out of from vehicles / area's, preventing neck and back injuries. Securing the neck, head and back.
Glass-Master - Breaking glass, sawing glass for entrance in the vehicle as an example. (think about MVA etcetera)
Cutting pliers - Used to cut the cables, e.g. battery cables.
There are some hydraulic tools as well.
Spreader-Cutters - aka 'combination tool' or 'combi-tool'. Can be used as both the spreader and cutter in one.
Rams - The ram's function is to push apart sections of the vehicle, making room for accesibility in vehicle. (or other structure).[/i][/list]
[b]2) Name all hose sizes found on an Engine, along with their purpose at a fire:[/b]
[list][i]The ones listed under are applied on every firetruck unit, along with their usage.
High Rise hose; It's used to shoot water to calm down the fire.
Nozzles for hoses; It's used infront of the hose to have more powerful water shooting.[/i][/list]
[b]3) Name all the fire classes and specify what they mean:[/b]
[list][i]Class A: Useful for the extinguishing of solids (think about wood, paper, textile etcetera)
Class B: Useful for the extinguishing of liquids (think about oil, gasoline, etcetera)
Class C: Useful for the extinguishing of gas (think about butane, propane, natural gas) (Keep in mind: Closing the valve of the gas source, such as a pipe, is better than using a extinguisher)
Class D: Useful for the extinguishing of metals (think about magnesium, aluminum etcetera)
Class E: Useful for the extinguishing of electrics, basically the same as A and B but you can't use foam or water on it due it's a bad combination. You can use CO² on it, which is most likely a Class E Extinguisher.
Class F: Useful for the extinguishing of very hot oils and fats, such as frying ovens.[/i][/list]
[b]4) Name the two firefighting foam types, and states what they are used for:[/b]
[list][i]The two foam classes are;
-Class A Concentrate: Used when fighting class A fires (paper, wood, domestic waste, clothes, plastic, etcetera).
-Class B Concentrate: Used when fighting class B (flammable liquid/gas), class D (metals) and class K fires (cooking oils/fats)[/i][/list]
[b]5) Name the five structural ventilation types and specify how they are used:[/b]
[list][i]Turnout Trousers :- Turnout trousers or pants are generally the first piece of clothing worn by a firefighter. They consist of suspenders that ensure the trousers stand up against the heavy duties required of a firefighter. Pockets enable firefighting tools and rope to be carried just in-case they are required in an emergency.
Turnout Coat :- The turnout coat consists of Velcro, storm flap and zippers to enable a firefighter to properly don this protective coat. Like the turnout trousers oversized pockets allow the firefighter to carry essential firefighting tools in-case of an emergency. The jack also provides protection to the wrist by the use of the wristlets at the end of the coat arms which allow the thumb joint to slip through.
Boots
Firefighters boots are made of rubber with a steel toe insert. They can be slipped inside the legs of the turnout trousers and are not only fire resistant but give the firefighter additional protection to the potential blows that could occur.

Flash Hood
Helmets are unable to provide enough protection to the ears, neck and part of the face and therefore the use of a protective firefighting hood known as the flash hood is require. To correctly wear the flash hood you must first tuck the hood into the collar, don the SCBA mask and then pull the hood over the face seal to cover any exposed skin.
Helmet
The helmet protects a firefighter from potential injury to the head from falling debris as well as protection from heat. The visor protects the firefighters eyes during any rescue/extrication operations from dust, debris and the heat. To the front of each helmet is a shield to represent a firefighter, presenting their rank and badge number.
Gloves
In order to provide protection to the hands against heat and sharp objects structural gloves are worn which fit over the wristlets of the turnout coat and under the coat sleeve. They are lightweight and enable the firefighter free dexterity of their fingers in-order for them to be able to perform functions necessary for the duty of a firefighter.[/i][/list]
[b]6) When arrived at a fire scene, who is the incident commander?[/b]
[list][i]The first engine that got there, until a higher rank appears to the scene.[/i][/list]
[b]7) What is the fire tetrahedron and what does it specify?[/b]
[list][i]The fire triangle is used in reference to describe the three basic needs for a fire. If one of the needs are not present, a fire will not be present. In order for a fire to start it will need these three things:
1. Air; Oxygen.
2. Fuel; Can be anything flammable such as gasoline, oils, propane, etc.
3. Heat; Most commonly known as the "spark" which can come from another fire, a spark of electric, or friction.[/i][/list]
[b]8) What does SCBA stand for and what is it/what is it used for?[/b]
[list][i]A self-contained breathing apparatus, or SCBA, is worn by firefighters in conditions where it is inadvisable or impossible for them to breathe by themselves (any hazardous atmosphere – e.g. a structure with heavy/dense smoke). There are four main parts to the SCBA which are mounted to a carrying frame on the firefighters back.[/i][/list]
[b]1) You arrive on a scene with two other firefighters and you notice that someone has crashed their vehicle. Upon trying the doors, you find that they are trapped inside, barely conscious, having breathing issues and the doors jammed shut. In full detail, explain what steps would you take in order to safely remove and treat the patient:[/b]
[list][i]I would rush to the FF truck, bringing the Spreader-Cutters and after that I'd shock it between the vehicle door and the vehicle body, pressing the START button to start extracting the door off the vehicle body. After that I'd bring a Kendrick's Extraction Device and use it on the injured person body to extract him out of the vehicle safely. Then, start doing my job, which means to take care of the patient and transfer to SEMC.[/i][/list]
[b]2) You arrive on a scene to a working apartment fire, with fire blowing out of a set of apartment windows. There is a man hanging out of a window next to the one on fire screaming for help. You are assigned to the First-Due Engine Company. Describe the actions you would take in your position as the Engine at this fire, and what your primary task during this fire is.[/b]
[list][i]I would call for the PD to lock up the area, then start shooting water from the Deluge Gun towards the building from all the trucks, and start turning the fire by parts starting from the closer point to the trapped people giving us better chance in attempt to keep them alive, then we will work on turning down the fire on the rest of the building and break into the building, making sure everyone is okay.[/i][/list]
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[b][center][size=120][color=#00BFFF]Medical Section[/color][/size][/center][/b]
[b]1) What is a backboard and what is it used for?[/b]
[list][i]A blackboard is used when a patient's back is hurting, and there might be some fractures, it is used to secure him when lifting him onto the stretcher.[/i][/list]
[b]2) Explain the DR CAB scheme (What each letter means) and how it is applied on a medical scene?[/b]
[list][i]DR CAB is used in resusitation, C stands for compressions, A stands for Airway and B stands for breathing, this is used for CPR. Compression-Push hanrd and fast on the center of the victims chest, Airway - Tilt the victims head and back and lift the chin to open the airway, Breathing - Give mouth to mouth rescue breaths.[/i][/list]
[b]3) What is palpation, what is it used for and when should it be used on a medical scene?[/b]
[list][i]Palpation is the most basic diagnostic technique which is used for physical examination to assess the texture of the patient's tissue, and to generally receive information about the patient's injuries, such as pain or irritation by the upper part of his chest.[/i][/list]
[b]4) What is the A.B.C.D.E. scheme (What does each letter mean) and what is it used for?[/b]
[list][i]A is for Airway, B is for Breathing, C is for Circulation, D is for Disability, and E is for Exposure, [/i][/list]
[b]5) What are the two types of general bone fractures and what do they mean?[/b]
[list][i]Simple Fracture, and Compound Fracture. The 'Compound Fracture' represents that,  at least some part of fractured bone(s) protrude through the skin and exposed to contamination, while the Simple Fracture, does not protrude through the skin and it's not exposed to contamination. [/i][/list]
[b]6) Name all medical equipment used when a patient has a known bone fracture and specify how they are applied/used:[/b]
[list][i]Vacuum Splint; The vacuum splint has been shown to be a simple, safe and effective method of emergency splinting of fractured extremities.
Traction Splint; If you suspect a person to have a broken leg, a Traction Splint should be used immediately to immobilize the leg, preventing further damage.
Triangular Bandage; A triangular bandage is used to diagonally support the arm, preventing further injury from happening and making for comfort.
Cervical Collar (C-Collar); If the patient is suspected to have cervical (neck) or spinal injuries (been involved in a car accident is a most often cause), you should never move them unless vital.[/i][/list]
[b]7) Name all the types of burn degrees, specify what they mean and explain how would you go about treating them:[/b]
[list][i]As far as I know there are three degrees, three levels that expresses the level of how bad the burn actually is.
First Degree Burn: Epidermis damaged, appearance redness and dry texture of the skin, mild pain.
Second Degree Burn: Dermis damaged, red and white appearance, moist texture, severe pain.
Third Degree Burn: Extends until the hypodermis, stiff and white texture, dry and leathery, no pain.
Each degree has special and different treatment. But here is an example for first degree:
Soak the wound in cool water for five minutes or longer, then proceed taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief, applying lidocaine (an anesthetic) with aloe vera gel or cream to soothe the skin. And then, use an antibiotic ointment and loose gauze to protect the affected area.[/i][/list]
[b]8) How would you go about cleaning a wound?  [/b]
[list][i]There would be 3 steps to clean a wound, will call them abc.
a) Take out a bottle of saline solution from your BLS bag, putting it's contents onto a cotton pad.
b) Slowly and carefully wipe over the wound. If the patient is conscious, warn them that it may sting a bit, or cause them a great deal of discomfort.
c) Once you have cleaned the wound, Dressing it would be a good idea, don't want it to get infected, do you?[/i][/list]
[b]9) What does CPR stand for, how do you perform it (including ratio of compressions/breaths) and in what occasions should you do so?[/b]
[list][i]Giving CPR means, usage of both hands, one placed over the other, to press on the person's chest many times in a row to move blood out of the heart that has stopped beating. If theres water involved in the case, then you'll need to do mouth to mouth rescue breaths.[/i][/list]
[b]10) What are the three oxygen administration devices and what are they used for?[/b]
[list][i] There are 3 oxygen administration devices, I'll list them as abc.
a) Nasal Cannula (N.C)
The Nasal Cannula is a narrow plastic tube with two small nozzles which are placed into the patient's nostrils.

b) Simple Face Mask
The face mask is a plastic device that is shaped to fit over a patients mouth and nose in order to deliver oxygen through either the mouth or nose.

c) Non-rebreather Mask
The non-rebreather oxygen mask is the same to the simple face mask however, it doesn't have the same type of side ports.[/i][/list]

[b]1) You arrive on the scene to a reported shooting with two other Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT's) and you notice that the patient is severely bleeding from a gunshot wound (GSW) around the chest. Upon taking vitals, you notice a low pulse, abnormally high breathing, and the patient is barely conscious. In full detail, explain what steps would you take in order to safely and efficiently treat the patient.[/b]
[list][i]First of all, placing the patient on a stretcher would be a good idea, I'll call the next steps as letters. :-
a) Take the trauma dressing from your BLS kit.
b) Use trauma scissors to cut the fabric around the wound, exposing it.
c) Apply the dressing directly over the wound with a lot of pressure (Do not take any objects out of the wound, if present, bandage around the wound).
d) If bleeding continues and seeps through the dressing, apply another lay of dressing over the last one.
After that for sure his pulse, breathing will go back to normal, but if it does not, I should give him an oxygen mask and transfer him to the hospital to get him fully checked out by a Doctor.[/i][/list]

[b]2) You arrive onscene in an Ambulance to a Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA), the patient has been removed from the vehicle but is found to have difficulty breathing, with a respiration rate of 4. What steps should you take in order to restore a normal breathing pattern?[/b]
[list][i]First of all I would grab the Non-rebreather Mask from the ambulance and then I'll fill the reservoir bag with oxygen and then place the mask over the patients mouth and nose, securing it with the elastic.
and turn the canister on by the valve, allowing the correct amount of oxygen to flow through.[/i][/list]
[b]3) You have just arrived on the scene along with two other EMT's, and you find a crowd is surrounding a patient, worried about what the patient might have contracted. You take command over the scene. In full detail, explain the general procedures you should take in scene safety and treatment.[/b]
[list][i]First of all i call for PD Backup into department radio to come and support us getting the crowd away, and after they do that then we will start our treatment