Ruby on Rails Connect to Multiple Databases and Migrations
FEB 7TH, 2015
Ruby on Rails connect to Multiple Databases And Migrations

Ruby on Rails connect to Multiple Databases and using ActiveRecord with multiple databases, it’s really simple take it easy. Let’s run through this.

Rake Tasks
Well, I want to handle migrations for two databases, so I need two separate Rake tasks to handle that:
```ruby

desc "Migrate the database through scripts in db/migrate directory."

namespace :db do
  task :migrate do
    Rake::Task["db:migrate_db1"].invoke
    Rake::Task["db:migrate_db2"].invoke
  end

  task :migrate_db1 do
    ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection DB1_CONF
    ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrate("db/migrate/db1/")
  end

  task :migrate_db2 do
    ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection DB2_CONF
    ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrate("db/migrate/db2/")
  end
end
```
My first task is db:migrate that delegates out to db:migrate_db1 & db:migrate_db2.

Each of those establish a connection to the database and then runs the migrations from their own separate folders. This allows you to store migrations in separate folders so you can easily manage them.

The migrations are exactly the same as normal.

Database Connections
In order to get those migrations to work, I need to configure the database connections. I’m going to define everything in the database.yml just like normal, but with a different naming convention:

database.yml
```ruby
defaults: &defaults
  username: root
  password: 1234567
  adapter: mysql2
  encoding: utf8
  collation: utf8_unicode_ci

db1:
  development:
    database: db1_development
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults

  test:
    database: db1_test
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults

  staging:
    database: db1_staging
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults

  production:
    database: db1_production
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults

db2:
  development:
    database: db2_development
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults

  test:
    database: db2_test
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults

  staging:
    database: db2_staging
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults

  production:
    database: db2_production
    host: localhost
    <<: *defaults
    ```
I configure two separate databases db1 & db2.

Then I need to configure the app to load these now. I open application.rb or environment file(s):

application.rb
```ruby
ENV['ENV'] ||= 'development'

db_conf = YAML::load(File.open(File.join(APP_PATH,'config','database.yml')))

DB1_CONF = db_conf["db1"][ENV['ENV']]
DB2_CONF = db_conf["db2"][ENV['ENV']]
```
Take a look at what’s going on:
- I set the database configuration to use. You can just use Rails.env here instead of ENV[‘ENV’].
- I load up the database.yml config and parse it with YAML.
- I grab the configuration from the file for each db and the correct environment that I’m running in.
Connecting Models
When I’m working with multiple databases, I like to explicitly setup the connections inside the models themselves instead of inheriting from ActiveRecord::Base and using subclasses.

user.rb
```ruby
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  establish_connection DB1_CONF
end
```

product.rb
```ruby
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  establish_connection DB2_CONF
end
```
Well, All you really need to do is load the configurations, establish the database connections, and setup the migrations to load from a specific directory for each database.