2019-01-15 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Word Roots (list 1) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ab (abduct, abdicate) = off/away
act/ag/(ex) (action, agent, executive) = do
ad (advocate, addition, advance) = on/toward
aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = field/farm
ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = move/walk
ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/friendship
andro (android, androgen) = man (contrasted with “gyn” = woman)
anim (animate, animal) = movement/spirit
ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy) = human
anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against
aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water (sometimes specifically fresh water)
arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in importance) / leader/governor
archa (archaeology, archaic) = first (in time) / old
art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill
astro (astronomy, astrology) = star
aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear
auto (automatic, autograph) = self
bell (belligerent, rebellious) = war
bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch/capture
cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
carn (carnivore, carnal, carnival) = meat (dead)/flesh (alive)
cede/ceed (intercede, exceed) = go
cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = hundred(th)
---
Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- paraphrase
- inference
- reference
- fact
- negative fact
- purpose
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
---
Purpose questions ask about why the author used certain words or examples. (There are also “method” questions, which ask about how the author acheives a particular purpose.)
---
Handout (Cengage) exercise 4.1 - Take a couple minutes to read the first passage and answer the T/F questions about it.
1 T
2 F
3 F (We don’t know the author’s own opinion, but this would not be a correct inference, so call it false.)
4 F (The purely scientific aspectis are optical physics. Optical engineering is the applied technology aspects.)
Passage 2 - Take 7 minutes to answer the questions. Then compare with your partner.
5 T
6 T (“The challenge is like the irritating grain of sand”)
7 F
8 T
9 F (Toynbee influenced the book, not the other way around.)
10 T
11 F
---
BREAK
---
Passage 3 - take 4 minutes
12 F
13 T
14 F
15 T
Passage 4 - 4 minutes
16 F
17 F
18 F
19 T
20 T
Passage 5 - 5 minutes
21 T
22 F
23 T
24 T
Passage 6 - 3 minutes
25 F
26 T
27 T
Passage 7 - 4 minutes
28 T
29 F
30 F
31 T
---
Exercise 4.2 - Take 4 minutes to answer the questions about Passage 2
8 A
9 B
Passage 3 - 6 minutes
10 D
11 A (There’s only one sentence about each of the other things, but all the specific examples in this paragraph are to illustrate “double-coding”.)
12 C (The “souvenirs” mentioned in the text refer to “colonnades, belvederes, keystones, and decorative sculpture”.)
13 D (“ornamental” means “decorative”, which is a feature of postmodern architecture but not modernist architecture)
---
Homework: finish the handout (passages 1, 4, 5)