2016-10-22 Saturday: 11 Connections

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-10-22 Saturday: 11 Connections”
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Homework: 9-10 test
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p. 129 part 2 - With your partner, complete each sentence in at least two different ways that make sense. If possible, make the sentences true about you.
Then, for each of the newspaper sections listed in part 1, decide what kind of story you could read there.

I get the headlines on my cell phone, so I know what’s happening today. / so I can choose the story I’m most interested in.
I don’t read the paper. It’s too expensive. It’s too boring. It’s too big and inconvenient. It’s too difficult to get.
I don’t believe everything I read because the people who write the stories exaggerate. (We often say news stories are sensationalized.) / because you can’t trust the websites. / because a lot of news is manipulated. / because information is sometimes censored.
I turn straight to the sports pages even though I don’t like sports. / even though there is other important news to read. / even though there are other important stories to read.
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In the picture at the top of the page, why is “discovered” in quotation marks? - The people who speak the language already knew about it, so the “discovery” was just for the rest of the academic world.
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“You’re preaching to the choir.” - You’re telling this to people who already agree with you.
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p. 130 - Read the article about an “uncontacted” tribe.
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Grammar: reported speech - we use to report someone’s information without using their exact words
p. 131 part 5 - What exact words did these people say, according to the highlighted section of the article?
1 Funai said, “The tribe is under threat because of the logging.”
2 People asked, “Is the tribe truly uncontacted?”
3 Survival International said, “We are confident that the photos are genuine.”

Quoted speech is direct speech, reported speech is indirect speech.

John said, “I am sick today and I can’t come to school.” (direct speech)
John said (that) he was sick that day and he couldn’t come to school. (indirect speech)

John said, “I’ve been sick.” (he was sick before he said this)
John said (that) he had been sick. (before the past -> past perfect)
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p. 131 parts 6-7 - Find the six other examples of reported speech in the article and change them to direct speech
1 David Hill explained, “My organization isn’t suggesting that the tribe has never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now live without it.”
2 The Peruvian government suggested, “The story is no more than a strategy by groups opposed to development of the area’s resources.”
3 Survival International said, “The images spread across the world within minutes.”
4 A typical post asked, “Why has nobody done anything to save these tribes?”
5 The Peruvian government announced, “We will work with the Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging.”
6 A Funai spokesperson said later, “One image has had more impact than one thousand reports.”
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Tense changes for past reporting verbs:
Quoted          Reported
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present         past
(simple, perfect, continuous, and perfect continuous)

simple past     past perfect

past cont.      past perfect continuous

will            would

am/is/are       was/were + going to
    + going to

can             could

may             might

must            had to
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should
would           no change
could
might
past perfect

(There is a chart on p. 170 of your book that also includes this information.)
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The officer said, “You must not park here.”
-> The officer said that I couldn’t park there.
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Tom asked how many countries had fought in World War Two.
Tom asked, “How many countries fought in World War Two?” - It happened once and finished.

Tom asked how many countries had joined the European Union.
Tom asked, “How many countries have joined the European Union?” - It started in the past but can happen more in the future.

Tom asked how many countries had started fighting by the time the US declared war on Japan.
Tom asked, “How many countries had started fighting by the time the US declared war on Japan?” - Action in the past before another action in the past.
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p. 131 part 8 - Decide who probably said each thing (a-d), and make a sentence with reported speech.
1 A Funai spokesperson said (that) they had taken the photos to show that these people existed.
2 An anonymous poster asked how many tribes like this there were. (In reported speech, you don’t use the question word order.)
3 A language expert said (that) the term “uncontacted” was more of a media word than a scientific term.
4 An anonymous poster asked if/whether unseen tribes existed.
5 A Peruvian government official said (that) there was no evidence they existed.
6 A Funai spokesperson said that if we don’t save these tribes, this will happen to all of us.
	...said that if we didn’t save these tribes, this would happen to all of us.
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BREAK
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Switch between ‘single’ and “double” quotation marks:
He said, “I’m hungry.”
She said, “He said, ‘I’m hungry.’”
They said, “She said, ‘He said, “I’m hungry.”’”
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For reporting statements, “that” can be removed, but you should keep it in the sentence if it makes things easier to understand.

He didn’t say, “If I’m there, I will help.”
He didn’t say that if he was here, he would help.
(He didn’t say if he was here. = He didn’t tell me whether or not he was here.)
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p. 132 part 1 - Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box and then ask your partner each question.
1 Twitter
2 texting
3 Flickr
4 broadband (fast connection to the Internet)
5 Skype
6 blog / tweet / ebook
WiFi = connection between your device and a router
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Free classes every Saturday now until December 17, at 2, 3, and 4pm.
Monday, October 31, Halloween party at 8pm.
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p. 133 part 5 - Listen to the conversations and choose the correct options to complete each sentence.
1 The journalist asks her Twitter followers to suggest things to do.
2 The blog reminds readers not to use telescopes.
3 The company told people not to show up for work.
4 The politician has invited aliens to meet him.
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Your handout mentions imperatives (commands) with infinitives.
We also use infinitives with invitations, requests, and offers.

ask/tell/remind/invite someone to do something
ask/offer/promise to do something

She asked him to close the door. - He will close the door. (She’s making a request.)
She asked to close the door. - She will close the door. (She’s asking for permission.)

“tell”, “remind”, and “promise” can also go with “that” statements:
	I told him that it was not important.
	I reminded her that she had to study.
	I promised that I would help.
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part 11 - Use the verbs ask/tell/remind/invite/offer/promise to report each sentence.
1 Marta reminded Amy to turn off her cell phone.
2 Jose asked Marta to set up his email.
3 Amy invited Jose to (come and) watch the movie on their new flatscreen TV.
4 Marta told Amy to plug in the battery charger first.
5 Jose offered to upload those photos to the computer for Marta.
6 Amy promised to turn it off when she was done.
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I/me/my/mine
you/you/your/yours
he/him/his/his
she/her/her/hers
it/it/its/-

we/us/our/ours
you/you/your/yours
they/them/their/theirs
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In some situations, “offer” and “promise” can include the other person:
I offered Amy some money for lunch. (offer + someone + noun)
but: I offered to pay for lunch. (offer + infinitive)

I promised Amy some money for lunch. (promise + someone + noun)
I promised Amy that I would pay for lunch. (promise + someone + that + sentence)
but: I promised to pay for lunch. (promise + infinitive)

Amy promised Jose that she would turn it off when she was done.
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She [verb] him to do it. = He does it.
She [verb] to do it. = She does it.
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p. 133 part 14 - Tell your partners a time when these things happened to you.
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Native American
(American) Indian
First Nations (in Canada)

indigenous person - general term for anywhere in the world
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Homework:
Imagine a human and an alien are meeting for the first time. Use reported speech to describe (part of) their conversation.
Read the article about samurai on p. 147 and do parts 4, 5, 6 on p. 146.
(In part 6, I want to know exactly where each sentence can go. Between which other sentences? Not just which section it would go in.)

You imagine this -
Alien: Where do you live?
Human: I live in a house in Boston. Where do you live?
Alien: I live in a tree.
…

You write this -
The alien asked the human where she lived. The human said she lived in a house in Boston and asked the alien where it lived. It told the human that it lived in a tree. …