Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells:

Animal cells
Cytoplasm: Liquid like substance
Cell membrane: Holds the Cytoplasm inside the cell, and controls what enters.
Nucleus: Encases a genetic material.
Mitochondria: Releases energy into the cell.
Ribosomes: Produces protein for the cell.
10 Micrometers to 30 micrometers.

Plant cells
Cytoplasm: Liquid like substance
Cell membrane: Holds the Cytoplasm inside the cell, and controls what enters.
Nucleus: Encases a genetic material.
Mitochondria: Releases energy into the cell.
Ribosomes: Produces protein for the cell.
Cell wall: Wall made of cellulose
Vacuole: Filled with cell sap. It can expand and shrink.
Chloroplasts: Used for photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll.
10 micrometers to 100

Prokaryotic cells
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Doesn’t have a nucleus, it has a loop of genetic material.
Flagellum: A tail which helps the cell move.
Slime capsule: an outer layer which prevents the cell from drying out.
1 micrometer


Specialised cells:

Specialised cells will always have a: Nucleus (Except red blood cells)
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
And Cytoplasm.

Nerve cell: Conducts electrical impulses
Sperm cell: Travel towards and fertilise an egg.

Muscle cells: Contract-involuntary-Cardiac and smooth
-Voluntary-Skeletal
Special proteins slide past each other making muscle fibers contract.
More mitochondria

Specialised Plant cells will always have: Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast

Root hair cells: Absorbs water and minerals.
Long hair to increase surface area.
Many mitochondria to fuel the speed of active transport.
Large vacuole for water to move through osmosis.
No chloroplasts

Xylem cells: Transports water and mineral ions from the roots.
Phloem cells: transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves.
Microscopes and magnification:

Magnification: How much bigger the image is
Resolution: The ability to distinguish between the 2 points.

Light microscope can have a magnification of up to 10-40 times.
Electron microscope: Fires electrons at what you are looking at and is more detailed than a light microscope. However, it is in black and white, as no light can enter. 2,000,000x magnification. Works in a vacuum. Not portable.

To work out the magnification, you need to measure the size of the image, and divide it by the actual size of the image. To convert mm to micrometers, multiply the mm by 1000.

To work out the actual size, it is Image size/magnification.