2014-07-22 Workshop: punctuation

Punctuation
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' apostrophe - Greg's class, John's book, it's cold, he's bought a new book, he'd like to come (would), he'd finished already (had), can't/won't/isn't/haven't/aren't/...
I'm comin' over at 6. (very informal)
The students' books. = the books of many students
The student's books. = the books of one student
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. period - The period is at the end of most sentences.
abbreviations / initialisms: M.I.T., Co., Inc.
titles: Dr. Jones, Mrs. (married) Ms. (maybe married), Mr.
("dot" - in website and email addresses)
("point" - in numbers: Version 1.0.11)
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, comma - a small pause inside a single sentence
lists: 	I teach structure, communication and workshop.
	I like apples, bananas, strawberries, etc. (et cetera)
						(and so on)
separating clauses (parts of a sentence with subj. and verb):
- If we start with the dependent clause, use a comma.
	After I got home yesterday, I cooked dinner.
	If it rains tomorrow, I will bring my umbrella.
	Because it was raining, I brought my umbrella.
	Until we finish, you need to stay in your chair.
(when, before, after, if, unless, until, because, since, etc.)
- Don't use a comma if we start with the independent clause.
	I cooked dinner after I got home yesterday.
	I will bring my umbrella if it rains tomorrow.
	I brought my umbrella because it was raining.
	You need to stay in your chair until we finish.

separating an adverb (phrase) from the rest of the sentence:
	However, I didn't like it very much.
	Next, we went to the bookstore.
	As a result, I brought my umbrella.
	Unfortunately, it was raining.
	For that reason, I don't like punctuation.
	For example, it's usually colder in the basement.

extra information inside the sentence:
	My father, a retired teacher, lives in Michigan.
	My father, Dave, lives in Michigan.
	My father, who lives in Michigan, is 60.
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" quotation marks - to show someone is speaking
direct speech: Mary said, "I won't be there tomorrow."
talking about a word instead of using it:
	"In" is a preposition.
scare quotes: It was a very "romantic" dinner.
= sarcastic: it was supposed to be romantic, but it wasn't