// Note that there is no need for "using namespace std",
// since no C++ standard libraries are used.

double addition(double left, double right) {
    return left + right;
}


double subtraction(double left, double right) {
    return left - right;
}


double multiplication(double left, double right) {
    return left * right;
}


double division(double left, double right) {
    return left / right;
}

double exponentiation(double left, double right) {
    double calculation = 1;
    while (right > 0) {
        calculation = calculation * left;
        right -= 1;
    }
    return calculation;
}