2016-06-01 Core: 10 extreme sports and medicine

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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There is a man in the middle of the desert. He is dead and he is wearing a backpack. What happened?
Ask yes/no questions to try to find the answer.
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p. 117 - What are they doing in the desert?
marathon = 42.195km
ultramarathon = a race that is (significantly) longer than a marathon
Marathon des Sables - a 250km, 6-day marathon in the desert in Morocco
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With your partner, make a list of some other extreme sports you can think of (in addition to ultrarunning and skydiving).
Then discuss the questions in part 3.
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What is an extreme sport?
It is a sport that the person who practices has a lot of adrenaline.
It is a sport in which you can die.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWfph3iNC-k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fAvbqQWRWo - Videos of BASE jumping (the second one includes some explanation and interviews).
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FREE CLASSES AGAIN!
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p. 118
bionic = biology + electronic
part 2 - Listen to the radio preview of a TV documentary and complete the sentences.
1 The Bionic Woman was a TV series in which the character was part machine and part human.
2 The documentary is about a woman whose arm was amputated.
3 Doctors have developed a process which grows new organs.
4 Amanda Kitts is learning to do things that we take for granted.
5 Bionics can help people who have lost limbs.
6 There’ll be a time when blind people will use bionic devices to see.
limbs = arms and legs
amputate = remove part of the body (especially limbs)
take for granted = accept as a normal thing that everyone has
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Grammar: defining relative clauses

We sometimes call the underlined parts of the above sentences adjective clauses.
The book calls them relative clauses, because the meaning of the relative pronoun (who, which, that, whose, etc.) depends on another word in the sentence.

who / whom / that = person
which / that = thing
when = time
where = place
whose = possession (if we would use a possessive determiner like “my”, “his”, “their”)

This is my friend. His dad is a politician.
-> This is my friend whose dad is a politician.

This is my friend. He is a politician.
-> This is my friend who is a politician. = This is my friend that is a politician.

We can use “that” instead of “who”, “whom”, or “which”, if it’s NOT after a preposition.

This is my friend. You met him last week.
-> This is my friend who/whom you met last week.

subject / object / possessive
he / him / his
who / whom / whose
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p. 119 part 7 - Write the correct relative pronoun to complete these noun phrases
1 who / that
2 who / that
3 which / that
4 when
5 where (“area of bone” is also a thing, but in this case it’s the location of “attach”, so we use “where”)
6 whose
  These are bionic limbs. Their movement mimics the body’s natural steps.
  -> These are bionic limbs whose movement mimics the body’s natural steps.
	(These are bionic limbs with movement that mimics the body’s natural steps.)
(It’s correct but strange to use “whose” for things.)

an area of bone where the limb is attached
an area of bone to which the limb is attached
an area of bone which the limb is attached to
an area of bone that the limb is attached to
an area of bone the limb is attached to

That’s the mountain on which he died. = That’s the mountain where he died.
It’s a sport in which you could die. = It’s a sport where you could die. (somewhat informal)
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We can remove “that” if it is not the subject.

This is my friend who is a politician. = This is my friend that is a politician.
(“that” is the subject of the relative clause, so we can’t remove it)

This is my friend whom you met yesterday. = This is my friend that you met yesterday.
= This is my friend you met yesterday.
(“that” is not the subject, so we can remove it)

From which sentences can we remove the relative pronoun?
1 The Bionic Woman was a TV series in which the character was part machine and part human.
2 The documentary is about a woman whose arm was amputated.
3 Doctors have developed a process which grows new organs.
4 Amanda Kitts is learning to do things we take for granted.
5 Bionics can help people who have lost limbs.
6 There’ll be a time when blind people will use bionic devices to see.
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BREAK
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p. 119 part 9 - With your partner, choose the correct word to complete each sentence. (You may need to use a dictionary to check, but don’t use a translator because it might not help you.)
1 injured
2 heal
  People treat injuries (such as with bandages and medicine). Injuries heal.
3 appointment (a date is romantic, an appointment is professional)
4 cure (an injury or the body heals, a doctor cures a condition and then the condition is gone)
5 hurt (usually “hurt” is the verb, “pain” is the noun)
6 treatment
7 monitoring
8 painful (“hurtful” usually refers to emotional pain)
condition (in a medical context) = an injury, wound, disease, or any other problem with your body that might need medical attention
side effect = effect from a treatment that is not the intended effect
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part 10 - In your group, define the 6 words I told you, using defining relative clauses if possible.
surgeon = the physician who cuts the human body for the purpose of treating a medical condition
injection = liquid that is put into the body with a needle, or the action of doing this
	(inject = put liquid into the body with a needle)
botox = a drug that is used to treat muscular conditions and remove wrinkles
operating room = a room in the hospital where the surgeon works
blood test = a test that analyzes a sample of blood
accident = anything that happens suddenly and unexpectedly
emergency = a usually dangerous situation that requires immediate action
scan = a picture of the inside of your body
ambulance = a vehicle which takes an injured person to the hospital
stitches = the method of closing a cut in the skin with a needle and thread
donor = someone who gives blood, tissue, or organs to be used in another person
crutches = things which a person can use for balance for a broken foot or leg
surgery = medical intervention in which a doctor cuts into your body
technician = an employee who looks after technical equipment in a laboratory
ward = a part of the hospital where people stay (especially people with a similar condition, such as the maternity ward or geriatric ward)
x-ray = a process to look at bones inside your body
paramedic = a person who works in the ambulance
first aid = assistance given to a person in an emergency before they go to the hospital
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Homework: p. 120 parts 1, 2, 3, 4 about the Mars article on the same page.