2018-10-02 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 4) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
icon (iconography, iconoclast, iconic) = image
idio (idiomatic, idiosyncrasy, idiot) = oneself/unique
il/im/in/ir (illegal, impossible, inconsiderate, irresponsible) = not
il/im/in/ir (illuminate, impress, inhale, irradiate) = in
	il before L
	im before M, P, B
	ir before R
	in before everything else
infra (infrastructure, infrared) = under (The corresponding prefix for “over” is “ultra”.)
inter (interview, international, intercept) = among/between
intra/intro (intravenous, introvert) = inner/inside/into
ject (interject, eject) = throw/thrust
junct (junction, conjunction, adjunct) = join
kine (kinetic, kinesthetic, telekinesis) = movement
labor (labor, collaborate, elaborate) = work
lex/lect (lexical, dyslexia, lecture, dialect) = word/read/speech (This is also the same root from “collect”, “select”, and “elect”, from the idea that speaking involves picking out words to say.)
loc (location, dislocation, relocate) = place
luc (translucent, elucidate) = light
lum (illuminate, lumen) = light
macro (macroeconomics, macroevolution) = big (in size)
magna (magnify, magnificent, magnate) = great (in size or quality)
mal (malpractice, malaria, malicious) = bad
man/mani/manu (manual, maneuver, manuscript) = hand
mar (marine, maritime) = sea
mega (megabyte, megastructure, megalith) = huge (unit prefix = 1,000,000)
meta (metamorphosis, metastasis) = change
meta (metaphysics, metacognition, metadata) = beyond/about (Metacognition is thinking about thoughts.)
micro (microscope, microphone, microbe) = tiny (unit prefix = 1/1,000,000)
migr (immigrate, migrant) = move (from one place to another)
mis (misbehave, misnomer) = incorrect
miss/mit (dismiss, transmit, missile) = send/throw (This root is related to “message”.)
mono (monochromatic, monotonous, monologue) = one (This is the Greek root. The Latin root is “uni”.)
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TOEFL Test: four sections, four hours, $200, 120 points total (30 per section)
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 3-4 passages, about 14 questions per passage
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets, each set = (3 listenings, 17 questions, 10 minutes to choose answers)
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes, 6 tasks, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: about 60 minutes, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Reading Question Types:
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- paraphrase
- purpose
- inference
- reference / pronouns
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize / categorize
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BREAK
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Purpose Questions - These are questions about why the author says or mentions something. You might also get method questions about how the author does something. These are the “reverse” of purpose questions.
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Handout (Cengage) exercise 4.1 - Take 4 minutes to answer the true/false questions about Passage 1.
1 T
2 F
3 F (We don’t know anything about the author’s opinion.)
4 F
Take 5 minutes to do the same for passage 2.
5 T
6 T
7 F
8 T
9 F
10 T
11 F
Take 3 minutes for passage 3
12 F
13 T
14 F
15 T
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p. 91-94 exercise 4.2 - Take 10 minutes to read passage 1 and answer the questions
1 B
2 A
3 A
4 B
5 C
6 A (It’s an example of a device that is not primarily designed for game-playing.)
7 D
Take 2 minutes for passage 2
8 A
9 C
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p. 88-89 - Take 3 minutes for passage 4 from the previous exercise
16 F
17 F
18 F
19 T
20 T
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Homework: finish the handout (exercises 4.1 and 4.2)