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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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- Homework: p. 96-97, parts 4-8
- part 4
- 1 in the late 1920s, after air travel in Peru began
- 2 an astronomical calendar; ancient roads or irrigation system; landing strips for aliens
- 3 because Nazca is one of the driest places on Earth
- 4 part of a long tradition of ceremonial activities connected to water and religious beliefs
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- mystery -> mysterious
- religion -> religious
- (-ous words can be “graded”, it’s easy to be more or less religious than someone else because you might have more or less religion, more or less mysterious = you have more or less mystery)
- noun-ous = it has [noun]
- noun-al = it is related to [noun]
- nation -> national
- globe -> global
- astronomy -> astronomical
- (-al words are not as gradable, something is national or it isn’t, we usually don’t say “more national”, “more global” does NOT mean there is more “globe”)
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- part 6
- 1 Nazca people couldn’t have seen them from above.
- 2 The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
- 3 They might have been ancient Inca roads or irrigation systems.
- 4 They could have been landing strips.
- 5 Water must have had an incredible significance.
- 6 This must have seemed astonishing.
- 7 The same group of people can’t have created them.
- 8 The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition.
- part 7
- 1: 3, 4, 8 - about what was possible in the past
- 2: 2, 5, 6 - express certainty about the explanations
- 3: 1, 7 - deductions about impossibility
- part 8
- 1 Water can’t have been easy to find.
- 2 The rivers might have dried up.
- 3 The lines must have been very important.
- 4 The lines may have had a religious significance.
- 5 The animal drawings couldn’t have been roads.
- 6 The animals must have lived in the region.
- 7 The Nazca people could have used simple roads.
- 8 People must have maintained the lines carefully.
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- Speculation and conclusions about the past:
- subject + [modal] + have + past participle
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- part 9 - in groups of 3 discuss the places in the box: what do you know about them? what might have happened?
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- Do you have a historical mystery in your country? (A person who went missing, like Earhart, or a place or structure that is mysterious to modern people.)
- cryptid: an animal or plant (or human-like creature) that some people believe exists, but which has never been observed scientifically (e.g. Loch Ness monster, Bigfoot, Chupacabra)
- People say they have seen these things.
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- Project (Friday): you will design a building or structure (a “wonder of the world”), with the purpose that it will be very mysterious in 1000 years
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- p. 100 - ambiguous headlines
- Stolen Painting Found by Tree
- = The tree found the painting.
- = The painting was found near the tree.
- Include Your Children When Baking Cakes
- = Put your children in the cake.
- = Let your children join you when you bake cakes.
- Red Tape Holds Up New Bridge
- = Some tape is the material that holds the bridge up.
- = Paperwork and bureaucracy delay the construction of the new bridge.
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- p. 100 part 1
- forged = faked (forged euro = counterfeit euro)
- prices slashed = prices reduced a lot
- April Fool’s Day = April 1
- December 28 = Day of the Holy Innocents
- gullible = too quick to believe things even if they are lies
- skeptical = unwilling to believe something without good evidence (the person is a skeptic)
- practical joke = a joke that involves an action and/or reaction, not just a funny story or sentence
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- part 5b - tell your partner these things, and your partner will express disbelief
- http://hoaxes.org/aprilfool/ - A list of 100 April Fool’s Day hoaxes in history (mostly fake news stories)
- hoax = a fake object or story with the intent to have many people believe it (possibly as a joke)
- fraud = lie or hoax in order to gain money or some other benefit
- scam = fraud with the intent to trick (many) people into giving you money
- phishing = when people use phone calls or emails to pretend to be a bank and ask for your information
- blackmail = when you extort money or something from a person, because they don’t want you to release some secret information
- https://www.facebook.com/NPR/posts/10202059501509428?stream_ref=10 - Facebook hoax article from NPR (National Public Radio)
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- Homework: p. 98-99 - reading and parts 2-5
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