2016-01-23 Saturday: 2 Performance

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-01-23 Saturday: 2 Performance”
This is the same level and book as the “Core” class.
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There will be NO CLASS on February 13.
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Homework: p. 14 parts 2-6, p. 17 parts 4-6 (more or less - Invent an idea for a company, and write a website profile of that company similar to the one on p. 17.)
(http://pastebin.com/BssSrfYr has more information about p. 17)
part 2 - c
part 4
1 anthropologists
2 monkeys (she is a primatologist)
3 a biologist
part 5
1 d
2 a
3 b
4 c
part 6 - b
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p. 14 part 7 - Do you understand what these words mean?
contestant - Someone who participates in a game or other contest (and can win or lose).
	(One person on Who Wants to be a Millionaire is a contestant, but not a competitor or opponent.)
competitor - Someone or something else that has the same goal or objective (and probably only one of you can get it).
	(Two people who want the same job are competitors, but not contestants or opponents.)
opponent - Someone who works against you (opposes you) directly.
	(Opponents of immigration have an opinion against immigration, but they are not contestants or competitors with the people who have the opposite opinion.)

Notice the endings that tell you these are people: -er/-or, -ist, -ent/-ant, (also -ian)
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p. 21 - What are some traditional dances from your country or region?
part 3 - discuss the questions with your partner
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p. 24 part 1 - What types of dance are most popular in your country?
Read the article about dance in America.
What are some reasons people dance and effects that dancing has?
to feel alive
to feel young
to meet people
to improve their mood
to get better at dancing
to have a social life
to fill time
to celebrate
to express emotions
it’s the language of the body
to win competitions
to relax and relieve stress
part 4 - What other things do you or people you know do for these purposes?
1 go to the gym, go to the club, go to the spa, do exercise, travel, listen to music, extreme sports, drink alcohol, smoke, fight, eat healthy food, eat delicious food, watch cartoons, meet positive people
2 go alone to places with a lot of people, go to the gym, do meet-ups (http://www.meetup.com/), travel, take classes, be a part of a community church or other religious group, go to parties, have a job, talk to people on the street, use dating apps (carefully)
3 meet-ups, watch TV with people, go to parties, do fun activities, go to games, concerts, and other live events, go shopping, do regular activities and errands with other people
4 take a shower, eat, have success, sleep, exercise, music, go out, love, sex, drugs, rock and roll, go swimming at the beach, be in the sun, be around kids, be around animals, read books, be in nature, travel, meet people and have a social life, do extreme sports, drive fast cars, go shopping (“retail therapy”), watch movies, help other people, be thankful
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Gerunds and Infinitives
Some people change their mood by eating. (preposition + gerund)
Some people eat to change their mood. (infinitive of purpose.)

gerund = verb(ing) form, used like a noun (subject, object of (some) verbs, object of (all) prepositions)
My favorite hobby is cooking. (= Cooking is my favorite hobby. “cooking” is a gerund)
My favorite roommate is cooking. (Present continuous. “cooking” is not a gerund)
My favorite roommate is interesting. (Simple present. “interesting” is an adjective)
subject: Cooking is my favorite hobby.
object of a verb: I enjoy cooking.
object of a preposition: Let’s talk about cooking. I look forward to eating this food.
(look forward to, be used to, object to - “to” is a preposition, so we must use a gerund)

infinitive = to + base form (sometimes subject, object of some verbs, after adjectives and adverbs, for the purpose)
To dance is to live. (sounds very formal)
I need to dance because I have a lot of energy right now.
It is healthy to dance. I am glad to meet you.
She speaks too quickly to understand.
She dances (in order) to improve her mood.
I use my computer to send emails. = I use my computer for sending emails.
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The grammar confuses the students.
The grammar is confusing. (subject -> -ing adjective)
The students are confused. (object -> past participle adjective)

The thief steals cars.
The cars are stolen. (object -> past participle adjective)
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BREAK
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p. 25 part 8 - complete the sentences with the gerund or infinitive forms of the verbs
1 doing (“enjoy” + gerund)
2 Painting (subjects are usually gerunds)
3 to be (adjective + infinitive)
4 changing (“imagine” + gerund)
5 to learn (adjective + infinitive)
6 to play (“learn” + infinitive)
7 trying (preposition + gerund)
8 to find (“seem” + infinitive)
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http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/verblist.htm - a list of verbs followed by infinitives or gerunds
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verb + gerund/infinitive (same meaning):
like, love, hate, continue, start

verb + gerund, verb + object + infinitive:
I advise studying more. I advised him to study more.
I can’t imagine living there. I imagined him to be taller.

verb + gerund/infinitive (DIFFERENT meaning):
stop, quit, remember, forget
gerund = an action that happened before this verb
infinitive = an action that (maybe) will happen after this verb
I stopped smoking. = I was smoking and then I stopped.
I stopped to smoke. = I was doing another thing and then stopped so I could smoke.
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p. 22 part 2 - where do you think these music styles are from?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC4DDkye8FU (blues) - US
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffHgfYvmpHw (bossa nova) - Brazil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2E4_CwL-Wg (charanga) - Cuba
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=on9lKHZc5jA (fado) - Portugal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqxJMCQxb_Q (flamenco) - Spain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkOkDI3RFvM (hoomii) - Mongolia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdB-8eLEW8g (reggae) - Jamaica
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zSa6Zz2Zrs (taiko drumming) - Japan
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part 3 - which words describe each type of music?
catchy = easy to remember (and hard to forget, even if you want to)
cheerful = happy, makes you feel happy
lively = lively and energetic (even if it’s not happy energy)
melancholy = sad, the same way that nostalgia can be
melodic = easy to hum or sing the main tune
moving = makes you feel strong emotions
repetitive = repeats the same thing many times
rhythmic = with a strong beat (maybe easy to dance to)
tuneless = without melody or harmony
unusual = strange or unfamiliar
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Have you heard any moving music recently?
(What tense is this? - present perfect)

I have heard this song before.
She hasn’t listened to any hoomii music.
What kind of music has she listened to?
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Present Perfect
form: subject + have/has + past participle
meaning: something started in the past and continues (or can continue) in the present or future

How many times have you watched that movie? (In your whole life, and I know you may continue.)
How many times did you watch that movie? (During some specific, finished past time.)

How many movies has George Clooney acted in? (He is alive and could act in more in the future.)
How many movie did Alan Rickman act in? (He is dead, so he cannot act in more, so this is finished.)
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for / since:
How long have you been in Boston?
I’ve been here for four years.
I’ve been here since 2012.

for + quantity of time (number of months, “a long time”)
since + specific time (a point in time like a year, a month, a time of day)
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p. 23 part 11 - write the present perfect forms of the verbs and complete the sentences with information that’s true for you
1 I have lived here for five months.
2 I have been at my current job since May.
3 I have known my best friend since 2000.
4 I haven’t listened to this kind of music for ages.
5 I have always wanted to be a dancer.
6 I have never had a dog.
7 I have studied English since elementary school.
8 I’ve been in this class for four months.
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“already” and “yet”
I have (already) studied that (already). = I have studied it before (and maybe that’s unexpected).
I haven’t (yet) studied that (yet). = I haven’t studied it before (but I will soon).

Questions usually use “yet”: Have you studied that yet?
(Have you (already) studied that (already)? means I expect maybe the answer is “yes”)
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“just” means “very recently”. In American English it’s more common with simple past than present perfect:
I’ve just woken up. = I just woke up.
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p. 28 part 5 - strong and weak adjectives
“strong” adjectives mean the same as “very” + [weak adjective]
fantastic = very good
fascinating = very interesting
spectacular = very impressive (especially visually)
terrible = very bad
terrific = very good
thrilling = very exciting (and scary in a good way)
unforgettable = very memorable

(List B is weak adjectives.)
disappointing = not as good as I expected
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Homework: Test