// User clicks on a checkbox to toggle a setting on/off
$('.setting').click(function(){

  let table = $('#my-table');

  const current_element = $('input[name="test"][type="checkbox"]');
  const data_column_number = current_element.attr('data-column');

  if(current_element.is(":checked")){
    current_element.prop('checked',false);
    table.column(data_column_number).visible(false);
  }
  else {
    current_element.prop('checked',true);
    table.column(data_column_number).visible(true);
  }

});

let table = $('#my-table');

// assume value has an index called ['checked'] that is empty or set to 'checked'
$.each(settings,function(key,value){
  let current_element = $('input[name="'+key+'"][type="checkbox"]');
  let data_column_number = current_element.attr('data-column');

  if(value['checked'] === 'checked'){
    current_element.prop('checked',true);
    if(table.column(data_column_number).visible() === false){
      table.column(data_column_number).visible(true);
    }
  }
  else {
    current_element.prop('checked',false);
    if(table.column(data_column_number).visible() === true){
      table.column(data_column_number).visible(false);
    }
  }
});