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Jexal

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Jun 10th, 2025
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  1. **No, AES-256 is *not* fully quantum-resistant**, but it is considered **relatively resistant** compared to other symmetric encryption schemes.
  2.  
  3. ### Here's why:
  4.  
  5. ---
  6.  
  7. ### 🔒 **Quantum Impact on Symmetric Encryption (like AES):**
  8.  
  9. Quantum computers can speed up brute-force attacks using **Grover’s algorithm**, which provides a **quadratic speedup** over classical brute-force:
  10.  
  11. * **Classical brute-force on AES-256**:
  12. $2^{256}$ operations.
  13. * **Quantum brute-force with Grover’s algorithm**:
  14. $2^{128}$ operations — still **infeasible with any foreseeable quantum hardware**.
  15.  
  16. ---
  17.  
  18. ### 🔐 AES Key Size and Quantum Resistance:
  19.  
  20. | AES Key Size | Classical Security | Quantum Security (Grover’s) |
  21. | ------------ | ------------------ | --------------------------- |
  22. | AES-128 | 128 bits | \~64 bits |
  23. | AES-256 | 256 bits | \~128 bits |
  24.  
  25. So, **AES-256 provides \~128 bits of post-quantum security**, which is currently considered **safe** against quantum adversaries.
  26.  
  27. ---
  28.  
  29. ### 🧠 Summary:
  30.  
  31. * **AES-256 is not quantum-proof**, but it is **quantum-resistant** in the sense that even with quantum computers, breaking it would still require **astronomical effort**.
  32. * For **long-term security**, AES-256 is preferred over AES-128.
  33. * AES will likely **remain useful even in a post-quantum world**, particularly if used in combination with quantum-safe key exchange algorithms.
  34.  
  35. ---
  36.  
  37. If you're concerned about **quantum security** in general, the **main focus** should be on replacing **asymmetric cryptography** (RSA, ECC) with **post-quantum algorithms**, since those are far more vulnerable to quantum attacks (e.g., via Shor’s algorithm).
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