2017-09-12 TOEFL: word roots, reading inference

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 4) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
icon = image
idio = oneself (An “idiot” was originally a person who kept to himself, rather than participating in society.)
	Some words with this root have a meaning like “unique” or “unusual”.
il/im/in/ir (illegal) = not
il/im/in/ir (illuminate) = in (This is another opposite of “ex-” or “e-”.)
	il before L
	ir before R
	im before M, P, and B
	in before everything else
infra = under/below (infrared light has less energy than red, infrasonic frequencies are too low to hear)
inter = among/between
intra/intro = into
ject = throw/thrust
junct = join
kine = movement
lab = work
lex/lect = word/read/speak (It’s the same root as “collect”, because when you speak you pick out words.)
loc = place
luc = light (This root is followed with ‘e’ or ‘i’, so it has an /s/ sound.)
lum = light
macro = big (in size)
magni = great (in size or quality)
mal = bad
man = hand
mar = sea/ocean (marine animals live in salt water, aquatic animals live in fresh water)
mega = huge (SI prefix meaning 1,000,000)
meta (metamorphosis) = change
meta (metacognition) = beyond/about (Metacognition is thinking about thoughts. Metadata is information about your communications, rather than the information in the communications.)
micro = small (SI prefix meaning 1/1,000,000)
migr = move (intransitive)
mis = wrong/incorrect
miss/mit = send/throw
mono = one (the Latin root is “uni”)
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TOEFL has four sections, each worth 30 points
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 20 minutes to answer questions about each of 3 or 4 passages
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets of three listenings each, 10 minutes to choose answers for each set
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes, 6 speaking tasks, 5.5 minutes of total speaking time
4 writing: 60 minutes total, 2 writing tasks, 20+30 minutes of total writing time
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BREAK
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Reading Question Types
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- inference
- reference
- purpose
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
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DELTA p. 76 - Read the text and answer the two questions in the boxes.
1 C
2 D
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Something can be inferred from the text.
The author or text can imply something.
We can also infer things that are likely or probably true.
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Why is it useful to identify question types on the reading and listening?
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Handout (Longman) p. 72 - Take 4 minutes to answer these inference questions about tiger moths.
1 B
2 A
3 D
4 C (This is the one that would be most suitable to eat. We don’t really know about successful attacks.)
p. 73 - Take 4 minutes to answer the questions about the Cambrian Explosion
5 A
6 A
7 D
8 C
p. 74 - Take 5 minutes to answer the questions about comics.
9 A
10 C
11 D
12 B
13 D
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Homework: Handout (Longman) p. 75 and (Oxford) p. 210-213 exercise 4R6