2015-10-06 Core: 1 colors and present tenses

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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p. 9 part 2 - what do people generally associate with these colors?
matte - when a surface or color is not shiny (like metal or a typical car is shiny)
glossy - when the surface is shiny
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p. 10 - read the article about life in color
(hue-saturation-value and hue-saturation-brightness are two technical ways to choose colors)
part 2 - how do we use colors?
to show identity: gender (blue and pink in the modern US), colors of a sports team, political parties, nationality, religion, subculture (goth people in black)
decoration: Christmas colors, Halloween colors, new fashions / seasonal fashions
to send messages: green for good, yellow for caution, red for warning, green and brown for environmentalism
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In the “Decoration” section, they describe the first picture with present continuous.
The villager is getting ready. He’s applying traditional colors.
In the second picture, the student is listening to the teacher. He is participating in the lesson.

Pictures show a specific moment, so we use present continuous to describe what’s happening in that moment. (Continuous tenses describe being “in the middle” of an action.)
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Some verbs don’t describe actions. They are non-action or stative verbs. They describe states or conditions. They don’t take any time. Any number of non-action verbs can be true at the same time.

Action verbs take time. If I’m reading one book right now, I’m not also reading a million others.
(If I have one book, I can also have a million others, because “have” doesn’t take time.)
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Many verbs have both action and stative meanings.
*I’m having a book. (WRONG - possession is stative)
I’m having breakfast. (= eating)
I’m having a meeting. (= organizing)
I’m having a party. (= organizing)
I’m having fun. (= experiencing, especially with “fun”, “trouble”/”problems”, or good/bad “time”)

I’m thinking about it. = My brain is working right now. I am doing mental work.
I think fall is the best season. = I have this opinion. (stative)
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action = dynamic
non-action = stative
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“hear” and “see” are non-actions because they don’t require any attention
“sound” is non-action because it only describes things, not what people do
(The party sounds fun. I listen to music.)

“look”, “smell”, “taste”, and “feel” can be both:
non-action for what things do: It tastes delicious.
action for what people do: I’m tasting the food to check if it’s okay.
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BREAK
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p. 11 part 7 - complete the sentences with the correct simple present or present continuous verbs
(some of them are stative, others are dynamic).
1 a think (stative)
  b are thinking (dynamic)
2 a come (stative - tells the origin of something or someone)
  b are coming (dynamic - about their movement)
3 a love (stative)
  b loves / is loving (dynamic - this is also informal)
“She loves it.” = She loves Peru.
“She is loving it.” = She is enjoying her vacation.
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part 8 - which tense *usually* uses these time expressions?
always - simple present
at the moment - present continuous
often - simple
this fall - continuous
today - continuous
usually - simple
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Expressions like “today” and “this fall” can be about future things, present things, or past things. When we use a present tense with those expressions to talk about the present, it’s usually continuous.

It is uncommon to use simple present for actions that happen only once. (We can use it for future scheduled events: The Mars mission starts at 7:00.)
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He is always thinking of you. = Every time we notice him, he is in the middle of this action.

When I call you, you’re always eating dinner.
She’s always leaving her dishes on the counter. = Every time I notice it, she is doing this.
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We can use frequency adverbs (never, rarely, sometimes, often, usually, always, etc.) with continuous sentences, and it has a meaning like, “Every time another thing happens, this is happening.”
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etc. = “et cetera” = “and so on” = “and more like this”
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part 10 - ask your partners how often they do these things (and what they’re doing right now or “this month”, “these days”, and so on) to find what you have in common

How often do you make something with your hands?

(“usually” means “more than 50%”, but we need to know, 50% of what?)

How often do you read a new book?
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I never play soccer. = Recently, now, and in the near future, there’s no soccer in my life. (But I probably have played at some time.)
I have never played soccer. = Never once in my entire life.
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When do you cook? (“do” between the question word and the subject)
What are you cooking?
What do you do?
What can you do?
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Subject questions:
Who lives here? - “who” is the subject, so we don’t have “do” or “does” for this question)
Who is cooking?
What’s happening?
How many people live here? (“how many people” is the subject)
Which one looks better? (“which one” is the subject)
What can happen?
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Homework: workbook page 4 (all)