library(raster)

# read in raster
rasterSource <- 'landsat.TIF'
r <- raster(rasterSource)

# convert to spatial points data frame
r.spgrd<-as(r,"SpatialPointsDataFrame")

# elminate NA values
r.spgrd = r.spgrd[!is.na(r.spgrd[[1]]),]

# sample points
selectedPoints = sample(1:length(r.spgrd[[1]]), 1000)
r.sampled = r.spgrd[selectedPoints,]

# try to make spgrd into a raster
r.test <- raster(r.sampled)

class       : RasterLayer
dimensions  : 10, 10, 100  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution  : 28617, 14766  (x, y)
extent      : 1838505, 2124675, 2328685, 2476345  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=aea +lat_1=29.5 +lat_2=45.5 +lat_0=23 +lon_0=-96 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0
values      : none

# write out as ascii file
writeRaster(r.test, filename="test1.ASC", datatype="ascii", overwrite=TRUE)

Error: hasValues(x) is not TRUE

r <- raster(ncol=30,nrow=20)
r[] <- 1:(30*20)              # Raster for testing
#plot(r)                      # (If you want to see it)
r[runif(30*20) >= 0.30] <- NA # Randomly *unselect* 70% of the data
plot(r)

library(raster)
r <- raster(ncol=30,nrow=20)
r[] <- 1:(30*20)

x <- sampleRandom(r, ncell(r)*.3, asRaster=TRUE)