public abstract class Superclass {

    ...

    public Superclass(...) {
        ...    // do stuff before initializing subclass
    }

    protected void dispatch() {     //method to be called directly after creating an object
        doStuff();
        ...
    }

    public abstract void doStuff();
}

public class Subclass extends Superclass {

    ...

    public Subclass(...) {
        super(...);     //has to be the first line
        ...             //assign variables etc.
        dispatch();     //has to be called after variables are assigned etc.
    }

    public void doStuff() {
        //do stuff with assigned variables etc.
    }
}

public abstract class Superclass {

    ...

    public Superclass(...) {
        doStuff();
    }

    public abstract void doStuff();
}

public class Subclass extends Superclass {

    ...

    public Subclass(...) {
        super(...);     //has to be the first line
    }

    @Override
    public void doStuff() {
        //do stuff with assigned variables etc.
    }
}