2018-03-03 Saturday: 8 Weird news

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2018-03-03 Saturday: 8 Weird news”
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Homework: Write a promotional text about the town where you live now, suggesting that people should move theref.
	Also: read about Amelia Earhart on p. 99, then do p. 98 parts 2, 3, 4
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part 2
1 The theory that she crashed on Nukumaroro
2 DNA testing
3 If they prove the bone is Amelia’s, it means the theory that she crashed on the island is true.
part 3
1 His family is helping to fund the project.
2 No known hair samples exist.
3 Human DNA is mostly identical, so they need a lot of material to discriminate between her DNA and anyone else’s.
part 4
1 funding
2 reveal
3 archive
4 ensure
5 assumption
6 profile
7 identical
8 log
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Vocabulary: “as” and “like”
I cried as a baby. = I cried when I was a baby. (“as” means the two things are the same)
I cried like a baby. = I cried (sometime recently) in a way that’s similar to a baby.
She dresses as a witch every Halloween. = Her costume is a witch costume every Halloween.
She dresses like a witch every day. = Her typical style is similar to a witch.
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“as” can mean “because”: We stayed inside as it was raining.
“such as” and “like” can mean “for example”: Romance languages like Spanish and Portuguese / Romance languages, such as Spanish and Portuguese
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p. 89 part 6 - Take a minute to complete each sentence with “as” or “like”
1 As
2 like
3 as
4 like
5 Like
6 like
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p. 94 - What are the things in the pictures?
part 2 - With your partner, use the words in the box to complete the sentences. (Use a dictionary if you need to.) You can also try to guess which picture each word is connected to.
1 Oxygen, nitrogen, atmosphere
2 butterflies, flies, insects
3 Radiation
4 Beetles, ants
5 stem
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
8 spikes
(Some plants have spikes, but roses have thorns and pine trees have needles.)
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part 4 - Are these statements true or false?
1 F
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 T
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Grammar/Vocabulary: modal verbs for speculation and conclusions
p. 95 part 6 - What do these sentences mean?
You think they can’t be natural. = You think it’s impossible that they’re natural.
They must be man-made. = I’m pretty certain that they are man-made.
This might be a painting or a work of art. = It’s possible.
It may not seem logical. = It’s possible.
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In order from most certain it’s true to most certain it’s false:
He must be at home. = This is the only reasonable explanation.
He may/could/might be at home. = This is one possible explanation (of many).
He may/might not be at home. = This is one possible explanation (for why he’s not answering).
He must not be at home. = This is not a reasonable explanation. I’d be surprised if he’s at home.
He can’t/couldn’t be at home. = This is not a possible explanation. He just left school and it takes him an hour to get home, so it’s impossible for him to be their already.
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part 8 - Read the article and write all the options that make sense (sometimes both are correct).
1 must be
2 might recognize = could recognize
3 could use = may use
4 could mean
5 can’t be
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p. 166 practice 1 - Complete the sentences with “must (not)”, “may (not)”, or “could (not)” and the base form of the verb, or “be” plus verb(ing).
1 must be
2 may be / might be / could be
3 must not live
4 may have / could have / might have
5 must recognize
6 couldn’t be / can’t be
7 may not see / might not see
8 must be coming
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We can use continuous and perfect (and perfect continuous) with these modals just like we can with regular expressions:
I’m pretty sure it is raining. = It must be raining.
I’m pretty sure he has finished by now. = He must have finished by now.
I’m pretty sure she has been waiting for an hour. = She must have been waiting for an hour.
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Grammar 2: modals for speculation about the past
modal + have can also refer to the (simple and continuous) past:
I’m pretty sure he finished at 7. = He must have finished at 7.
I’m pretty sure it was raining when I woke up. = It must have been raining when I woke up.
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We can change some of the above sentences to be about the past:
It only had six legs, so it must not have been a spider.
(The verb after a modal is always in the base form.)
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p. 96 - Do you know anything about the Nazca Lines?
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BREAK
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Vocabulary: History
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p. 96 part 1 - Complete the questions with words from the box. Then ask and answer the questions with your partner.
1 ancient
2 period
3 prehistoric (we don’t know any of the names or stories about the people who made these)
4 century
5 sacred
6 society
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Read the article about Desert Art
Answer the questions in part 4.
We can conclude that someone must have discovered them from a plane.
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What sentences in the article are speculations or conclusions about the past?
The Nazca people who made these patterns 2,000 years ago couldn’t have seen them from above.
	= It’s impossible that they saw them from above.
The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
	= Maria Reiche was pretty sure they were part of a calendar.
They might have been ancient Inca roads or irrigation systems.
They could have been landing strips for alien spacecraft.
	= These are possible explanations.
Water must have had an incredible significance to these societies.
This must have seemed an astonishing, even sacred, phenomenon.
	= We can be pretty sure of this. It’s the only thing that makes sense.
The same group of people can’t have created them.
	= It’s impossible that the same group created them.
The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition of ceremonial activities.
	= This is one possible explanation.
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Handout (Focus on Grammar 4) - With your partner, rewrite each sentence so it has the same meaning and uses the modal in parentheses.
1 The Earth must have become colder.
2 Dinosaurs must not have survived the cold.
3 A huge meteor might have hit the Earth.
4 Albert Ostman couldn’t have been kidnapped by a Bigfoot.
  A Bigfoot couldn’t have kidnapped Albert Ostman.
5 Ostman must have seen a bear.
6 Ostman could have dreamed about a Bigfoot.
7 He might have made up the story.
8 The man had to have changed the photo. (= The man must have changed the photo.)
9 The man might have seen a large fish.
10 The man may have seen a dead tree trunk.
11 A dinosaur couldn’t have been in the lake. (I think it’s impossible, not just unlikely.)
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Are there stories about hidden animals (sometimes called cryptids) in your country or culture?
mermaids
chupacabra
werewolves
gnomes
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Use modals of speculation to answer the questions on the pictures.
He might have been hungover.
He might have had a hangover.
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p. 97 part 10 - If you found these things in an archaeological site from 2000 years ago, what could you conclude or guess about the people alive at that time?
Example: a leather sandal - They must have had animals. They might have had farms.
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Homework: 7-8 test