Fixed point combinator in Haskell
fix f = f (fix f)

fix (x->x*x) 0

fix f x | f x == f (f x)  = f x
        | otherwise       = fix f (f x)

(x -> x * x) ⊥ = ⊥

Prelude> fix (x->x*x) 0

<interactive>:1:11:
    No instance for (Num (a0 -> t0))
      arising from a use of `*'
    Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Num (a0 -> t0))
    In the expression: x * x
    In the first argument of `fix', namely `( x -> x * x)'
    In the expression: fix ( x -> x * x) 0

f x = if x == 0 then 1 else x * f (x-1)

f    = fix (f' x -> if x == 0  then 1 else x * f' (x-1))

fix (x->x*x) 0

let x = x*x in x 0

sqrt' :: Double -> Double
sqrt' x = sqrtIter 1.0
  where sqrtIter guess | isGoodEnough guess = guess
                       | otherwise          = sqrtIter (improve guess)
        improve guess = (guess + x / guess) / 2
        isGoodEnough guess = abs (guess * guess - x) < 0.001

myFix :: (a -> a)       -- "improve" the guess
      -> (a -> Bool)    -- determine if a guess is "good enough"
      -> a              -- starting guess
      -> a
fixApprox improve isGoodEnough startGuess = iter startGuess
  where iter guess | isGoodEnough guess = guess
                   | otherwise          = iter (improve guess)

sqrt'' :: Double -> Double
sqrt'' x = myFix improve isGoodEnough 1.0
  where improve guess = (guess + x / guess) / 2
        isGoodEnough guess = abs (guess * guess - x) < 0.001

primeAfter :: Int -> Int
primeAfter n = myFix improve isPrime (succ n)
  where improve = succ
        isPrime x = null [z | z <- [2..pred x], x `rem` z == 0]

myFix f x | f x == f (f x)  = f x
          | otherwise       = myFix f (f x)

addG f a b =
  if a == 0 then
    b
  else
    f (a - 1) (b + 1)

add = fix addG -- Works as expected.
-- addM = myFix addG (Compile error)

*Main> take 8 $ iterate (^2) (0.0 ::Float)
[0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]
*Main> take 8 $ iterate (^2) (0.001 ::Float)
[1.0e-3,1.0000001e-6,1.0000002e-12,1.0000004e-24,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]

*Main> take 8 $ iterate (^2) (0.999 ::Float)
[0.999,0.99800104,0.9960061,0.9920281,0.9841198,0.96849173,0.93797624,0.8797994]
*Main> take 8 $ iterate (^2) (1.0 ::Float)
[1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0]
*Main> take 8 $ iterate (^2) (1.001 ::Float)
[1.001,1.002001,1.0040061,1.0080284,1.0161213,1.0325024,1.0660613,1.1364866]

fixed f from = snd . head
                   . until ((< 1e-16).abs.uncurry (-).head) tail
               $ _S zip tail history
  where history = iterate f from
        _S f g x = f x (g x)

*Main> fixed (^2) (0.999 :: Float)
0.0