2016-09-02 Grammar: sensory and causative verbs

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all my classes
---
NO SCHOOL MONDAY SEPTEMBER 5 (Labor Day)
---
Homework: p. 296 - Read the overview and do exercise 1 (underline the verb that follows each bold verb)
---
Sensory verbs - followed by base form or verb+ing
She saw him crying. = She saw him while he was crying. (He was crying for a while.)
She saw him fall. = She saw him when he fell. (He fell once and it was finished.)
She heard him crying. = He was heard crying.
She heard him fall. (= He was heard to fall. - we use infinitive if it’s passive, but this is uncommon)
She felt him shivering.
She felt him kick.
She smelled the food burning.

“Intercepting” or “catching” verbs - followed by verb+ing
She caught him taking cookies from the bag during class. (“catch” means that the action is against some rule) = He was caught taking cookies.
They found him sleeping on the floor. = He was found sleeping on the floor.
He caught her cheating on the test. = She was caught cheating on the test.
---
Causative verbs - sometimes base form, sometimes infinitive
	(These verbs mean someone caused another to do something.)
I made the dog go outside. = I forced the dog to go outside. = The dog didn’t have a choice.
I got the dog to go outside. = I convinced the dog to go outside. = The dog didn’t want to, but I changed his mind.
I had the dog go outside. = I instructed the dog to go outside (and he went without any problem).
I let the dog go outside. = The dog wanted to go outside, and I allowed him to do so.
I helped the dog (to) go outside. = The dog wanted to go outside, but was having trouble, so I helped.

With causative verbs, we know that the action definitely happened.
With “recommend”, “suggest”, “demand”, we only know that I told you to do something, but we don’t know if you did it.
---
p. 298 exercise 2 - Answer each of these questions with sensory verbs.
1 You can hear people singing.
2 You can see people skating and Yuna Kim dancing.
3 You can smell food baking. / You can smell people baking bread.
4 You can hear people splashing water.
5 You can see people wearing good clothes.
6 You can hear babies crying and children laughing.
7 You can hear your teacher speaking English and Baik speaking Korean.
8 You can see people working out.
---
Homework: p. 298 exercise 3